The Authoritarian Dynamic

List of Tables		page xii
List of Figures		xiv
Acknowledgments		xvii
1	Introduction: The Authoritarian Dynamic	1
	The Concept of Authoritarianism	2
	The Philosophy of the Book	6
	Data, Methods, Models, and Literature: What to Expect	7
	Organization of the Book	10
2	Kindred Spirits, Common Spark: The Theory of the Authoritarian Dynamic	13
	Unresolved Issues	14
	Societal Threat and Authoritarianism	25
	Threat and Constraint in the Intolerance Domain	33
3	Manipulating Threat and Reassurance: Data and Methods	37
	The Durham Community Survey 1997	38
	The Multi-Investigator Study 1999	44
	The Cultural Revolution Experiment 1995	48
4	The Authoritarian Dynamic and the Politics of Fear: Putting the Pieces of the Puzzle Together	52
	The Authoritarian Dynamic: An Initial Demonstration	52
	Addressing Likely Misconceptions of the Theory	68
	Stability and Constraint	76
	What Have We Learned?	80
5	Authoritarianism and Conservatism across Cultures	85
	Authoritarianism, Status Quo Conservatism, and Laissez-Faire Conservatism	86
	Authoritarianism ≠ Conservatism	89
	Authoritarianism versus Status Quo Conservatism in Western Europe	95
	Authoritarianism versus Status Quo Conservatism in Eastern Europe	106
	A Common Source and a Universal Process	115
	Measurement Error and the Apparently Varying Influence of Authoritarianism	116
	A Parsimonious Account of General Intolerance of Difference	128
	Explaining the Explanatory Gap	135
	The Future of Intolerance	136
6	Authoritarianism and Conservatism: How They Differ and When It Matters	138
	Prior Research on the Origins of Authoritarianism and Status Quo Conservatism	140
	Prior Research on the Origins of Laissez-Faire Conservatism	151
	Simple Models of Authoritarianism and Conservatism	155
	A Fully Specified Model of Authoritarianism and Status Quo Conservatism	158
	Nature or Nurture? Identical Germanies Reared Apart	162
	Authoritarianism and “Political Conservatism” as Distinct Predispositions	163
	The Contingent Relationship of Authoritarianism and Political Conservatism	174
	Authoritarianism and Political Conservatism as Sources of Intolerance	186
	The Final Account	195
7	One True People: Putting a Face on the Theory	199
	The Roles of the Primary Interviewer and the Interview Partner	200
	Race of Interviewers	203
	Attempts to Obtain the Interview	204
	Impressions from the Interview	208
	Overall Characteristics of the Discussion	214
	Spontaneous Revelation of Distinctions between the Characters	222
	Interview Conduct and Interactions	223
	Personality and Demeanor	229
	Cognitive Capacity	234
	Uneasy Conclusions	236
8	One Right Way: Fleshing Out the Portrait	239
	Racial Animosity, Prejudice, and Discrimination	240
	Ethnocentrism, Patriotism, and Politics	250
	Morality and Discipline, Crime and Punishment	256
	Conclusion: Two Distinguished Characters	265
9	Manning the Barricades: Racism and Intolerance under Conditions of Normative Threat	269
	The Costs of a Narrow Perspective	270
	Difference-ism: The Generality and Primacy of Aversion to Difference	276
	Experimental Manipulation of the Authoritarian Dynamic	281
	Activation of the Predisposition under Normative Threat	284
	Enhanced Effects of Authoritarianism under Normative Threat	288
	Racial Intolerance	289
	Political Intolerance	298
	Moral Intolerance	302
	Punitiveness	306
	Overview of Findings	309
	Replication on Survey Data: Varying Public Discord across Cultures and Time	313
	Normative Threat and Attitudinal Constraint	319
	The Politics of Ideas versus the Politics of Fear	321
10	The Authoritarian Dynamic: Implications	325
	The Political Psychology of Intolerance	325
	Authoritarianism versus Status Quo Conservatism: Conservatives as Defenders of Freedom	326
	Authoritarianism versus Laissez-Faire Conservatism: Authoritarians as Social Reformers	327
	Accepting and Working with Difference-ism	328
	The Science versus the Religion of Democracy	330
	Community Requires Community	331
	The Paradox of American Democracy	332
	“Stealth Democracy”: Less Is More	333
	Democracy Is Bad for the Anti-Democrat	334
	Democracy Is Its Own Undoing	334
Bibliography		337
Index		355

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Series: Cambridge Studies in Public Opinion and Political Psychology

Karen Stenner

Princeton University, New Jersey

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