Total Lobbying

Preface		page vii
1	STUDYING LOBBYISTS AND LOBBYING	1
	Lobbying: A Complex Phenomenon	2
	Some Important Terms	5
	Data and Methods	8
	The Plan of the Book	11
2	LOBBYING AND LOBBYISTS IN THE UNITED STATES: A PRIMER	12
	An Overview of Nine Findings	12
	Conclusion: What We Have Learned about Lobbying and Lobbyists	35
3	PUBLIC POLICY LOBBYING, PART ONE	37
	Public Policymaking in the United States	38
	Public Policy Lobbyists: Background Information	42
	What Public Policy Lobbyists Do Other Than Lobbying	43
	What Public Policy Lobbying Looks Like	56
4	PUBLIC POLICY LOBBYING, PART TWO	57
	Legislative Lobbying	57
	Executive Branch Lobbying	68
	Grassroots Lobbying	74
	Electoral Lobbying	80
	What Does Public Policy Lobbying Look Like?	83
	Conclusion	100
5	LAND USE LOBBYING	103
	Government Regulation of Land Use: Planning and Zoning	105
	Land Use Lobbyists: Background Information	111
	What Land Use Lobbyists Do Other Than Lobbying	115
	Lobbying to Affect Land Use Decisions	121
	What Does Land Use Lobbying Look Like?	137
	Conclusion	146
6	PROCUREMENT LOBBYING	148
	Government Buying	149
	Procurement Lobbyists: Background Information	156
	What Procurement Lobbyists Do Other Than Lobbying	159
	Lobbying to Affect Procurement Decisions	164
	What Does Procurement Lobbying Look Like?	181
	Conclusion	194
7	RECAP AND FINAL THOUGHTS	197
	Recap of Substantive Findings	197
	Final Thoughts	205
Appendix A. The Classification System: Public Policy, Land Use, and Procurement Lobbying		219
Appendix B. Methodological Notes		225
Notes		233
Index		257

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