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Index
Accault, Michel, 101
Act of Supremacy, 88
activists
international, 156, 158
social movement technologies and, 156
targets of, 155
Agulhon, Maurice, 95
Amsterdam
poor relief in, 122
anarchists, 87
anti-Semitism
predation and, 86
Aremepinchieue, 101
Arnold, Eberhard, 74
Assur
mercantile networks of, 27
attitude(s)
social networks and, 16
trust as, 12
Audino, Hector, 61
authoritarian regimes, 55
authoritative organizations, 38
description of, 40
exit from, 41
weaknesses of, 40
authorities
means of control of, 104
mode of control of, 105
top-down strategies of, 104
trust networks’ interaction with, 105
Bandy, Joe, 158
barbes, 2
bargaining, 34, 104
Bax, Mart, 131
Bearman, Peter, 21
Benedict, Philip, 28
Bennett, Lance, 156
Bermeo, Nancy, 145, 160
Bin Laden, Osama, 109, 151
bin Ladin, Usama. See Bin Laden, Osama
Borges, Marcelo, 48
Borrel, François, 1
boundaries, 56
Bowling Alone (Putnam), 159
brokered autonomy, 106, 111
beneficiaries of, 111
definition of, 32
formation of, 112
guarantees of, 111
of Jewish trust networks, 112–114
Brothers. See Waldensians
Bruderhof, 74–76
buccaneers, 83
Bush, George W., 152
Bustillo, Mario, 143
Callejo, Eduardo González, 148
Calles, Plutarco Elías, 137
Calvin, Jean, 3
capital, 33
definition of, 30, 100
Cárdenas, Lazaro, 140
Cathar Perfects, 2
Catholic Church
confraternities and, 93
in Ireland, 127, 131
means, mode of control by, 105
Mexican democratization and, 137
predation of, 86
public politics and, 27
social spending and, 124
Waldesian scourge by, 1
Catholic Emancipation, 127
Catholics
trust networks of, 130
Church of Ireland, 125, 127
Clark, Janine, 109
clientage, 34, 99, 104
of European Jews, 113
as protective strategy, 83
in segregated trust networks, 92
Coalition of Workers, Peasants, and Students of the Isthmus (COCEI), 143
coercion, 33
definition of, 30, 100
internal means of, 84
by predators, 84
collaborative institutions, 38
creation of, 43
description of, 40
likelihood of, 40
mutual reinforcement and, 41
collective benefits
creation of, 38
commitment, 33
definition of, 31, 101
essential processes of, 71
commitment mechanisms
in communes, 71, 73, 75
success and, 74
common pooled resource (CPR), 40
communes, 70
Bruderhof, 74–76
charismatic leadership in, 72, 77
commitment mechanisms and, 71, 73, 75
commitment processes of, 71
disintegration of, 76
success of, 72
sustaining resources for, 75
trust networks v., 71
turnover in, 77
compatibility
Soviet blat and, 37
between trust networks, regimes, 36–38
compliance
governmental performance and, 20–21, 22
relational processes and, 21
concealment, 34, 104
advantages, drawbacks of, 92
by confraternities, 96
feasibility of, 99
as protective strategy, 83
conformity
evasive, 32
in trust networks, 13
confraternities
clientage, dissimulation of, 95
concealment by, 96
decline of, 97
in French Revolution, 94–97
Jacobins and, 96
power of, 93
predation on, 93
protection of, 95
regulation of, 94
secularization of, 95
strategies of, 92
connection
between rulers, ruled, 30
between trust networks, public politics, 31
consultation
trust network integration to, 135
contention, 150
contentious politics, 5
trust networks and, 5
contingent consent, 133
democracy and, 106
fairness, justice and, 19
model of, 19
promotion of, 135
trust networks and, 135
control
means of, 104
mode of, 105
corsairs, 82
CPR. See common pooled resource
credit networks
government intervention in, 16
as trust networks, 14–15
trust networks and, 16
Cromwell, Thomas, 89
Davis, Howell, 79, 83
de-democratization, 130
characteristics of, 146
distrust and, 144–149
examples of, 144
in Spain, 146–149
de Tocqueville, Alexis, 125
Defoe, Daniel, 79
deliberation, 134
democracy
alternation of factions in, 133
collaboration in, 133
contingent consent and, 106
definition of, 32, 129
patronage and, 35
reversals of, 145
social capital and, 132
subject population in, 51
theoretical solutions to, 134
threats to, 150, 160
trust in, 132–137
trust network integration and, 35, 56, 118, 124
trust networks, political regimes and, 11
watchwords of, 130
democratization
in Mexico, 137–141
necessary conditions for, 136
processes of, 136
trajectory of, 135
trust and, 125–150
Dennis, Lord, 79
direct integration
in public politics, 7
dissimulation, 34, 104
as protective strategy, 84
in segregated trust networks, 92
use of, 99
dissolution, 34, 104
Dubin, Lois, 112
Duffy, Eamon, 89
Ecclesiastical Patrimonies, 93
Echeverría, Luis, 140
economic expansion
redistributive social spending and, 123–124
economics
interpersonal relations and, 16
principal-agent problem of, 9
social arrangements and, 8
Edward VI, 91
Egyptian Islamic Jihad, 152
enlistment, 34, 104
Estrada, Joseph, 155
Europe
de-democratization in, 145
governmental predation in, 87
proletarianization in, 120
European Union, 155
evasive conformity, 106
definition of, 32
external connections
of trust networks, 57
fairness
“contingent consent” model and, 19
social processes and, 20
Ferdinand III (grand duke), 94
Fishman, Robert, 146
Forment, Carlos, 141
Fox, Jonathan, 142
Fox, Vicente, 141
Franco, Francisco, 149
French
Indian cohabitation with, 102
in North America, 100
North American Indians and, 100–103
French Revolution
confraternities and, 94–97
trust networks’ segregation and, 97
Fukuyama, Francis, 134
game theory, 18
García, Rafael, 138
General History of the Pyrates (Defoe), 79
Gladstone, William, 127
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 115
governmental performance
compliance and, 20–21, 22
government(s), 4
agents of, 4
compliance with, 20–21, 22
predation by, 87
trust networks of, 124
wartime commitments of, 21
Gravier, Jacques, 102
Great Britain
redistributive social spending in, 124
Greif, Avner, 8
Griot, Pierre, 3
groups
collective benefits for, 38
habitual obedience, 19
Hardin, Russell, 134
Hart, Peter, 130
hawalas, 110
Haythornthwaite, Caroline, 157
Henry VIII (king), 127
as predator, 88
resistance to, 89
Hirschman, Albert, 136
Hitler, Adolf, 153
Horden, Peregrine, 82
Hussites, 2
indirect integration
in public politics, 7
integrated trust networks, 18–22, 114–117
enlistment, bargaining in, 117
in Netherlands, 119
origins of, 117–120
in Soviet Union, 115
integration
analysis of, 107
consultation and, 135
high, 106
origins of, 117–120
of proletarians, 120–124
intentional communities, 69–77
problems of, 70
religion in, 70
“whole way of life” for, 70
internal relations, 58
internet
social impact of, 157
Ireland, 125
Catholic Church in, 131
civil war in, 129
democratization of, 127, 130
independence of, 127
Irish Free State in, 129
patronage systems in, 131
polarization in, 126
Protestant-Catholic struggles in, 127
religious divisions of, 129
trust, rule in, 130
trust networks, democratization in, 129–132, 136
Irish Republican Army, 129
youth networks and, 130
Islamists
segregated trust networks of, 109
Italy, 132
Ivaniuzhenkov, Boris, 116
Jacobins, 96
Jews
brokered autonomy of, 112–114
clientage by, 113
ghetto of, 112
Kanter, Rosabeth, 70
Kaskaskia, 101
kin-based relations
social activity and, 9
kinship networks. See networks, kinship
Krauze, Enrique, 140
Landa, Janet Tai, 8
Latin America
de-democratization in, 145
leaders
charismatic, 59
Ledeneva, Alena, 37
Leopold, Peter, 93
Levi, Margaret, 18, 25, 35, 106, 117, 133
“contingent consent” model of, 19
counter-hypotheses of, 19
game theory and, 18
Lindert, Peter, 123
Lis, Catharina, 121
Luther, Martin, 88
Lutherans, 61
Making Democracy Work (Putnam), 132
Mertes, Tom, 158
Mexico
Catholic Church in, 137
changes in, 142
democratization in, 137–141
local politics in, 142
local v. national democratization in, 138
patron-client system in, 140, 142
patronage, repression in, 141
trust networks in, 141–144
trust networks’ mobilization, organization in, 143
trust networks’ segregation, integration in, 138
Middle East
segregated trust networks in, 108–110
migration
chain-linked, 53, 62, 64–65
of Johnstown Jews, 53–54
of Old Lutherans, 61
religious transformations and, 63–64
trust and, 61–64
of trust networks, 65
trust networks’ transformation and, 52–55, 59
military conscription
“contingent consent” model of, 19
differential compliance with, 20
trust networks and, 18
Morawska, Ewa, 53
More, Thomas, 89
Morel, Georges, 2
Muldrew, Craig, 14, 25
trust networks, political regimes and, 17
nadwas, 109
Napoleon, Louis, 88
National Catholic Party, 137
National Union of Autonomous Regional Peasant Organizations, 143
nations
brokered autonomy of, 111
negotiated connection, 106
Netherlands
integrated trust networks in, 119
network of trust. See trust networks
networks
as trust networks, 43
trust networks v., 44
network(s)
of connections, 5
as homogeneous, 25
social capital and, 26
networks, interpersonal commitment
social action and, 20
networks, kinship, 45
collective enterprises of, 48
feuds of, 47
genealogy and, 45
in Genoa, 47
trust networks v., 46
noncontentious politics, 5
nonkinship networks, 49
North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), 141
opportunism, 19
Ostergren, Robert, 63
Ostrom, Elinor, 40
O’Sullivan, Tadgh, 131
particularistic ties, 106
definition of, 32
Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), 140
patronage, repression by, 141
Party of National Action (PAN), 141
Party of the Mexican Revolution, 140
patronage systems, 110
definition of, 31
in Ireland, 131
in political regimes, 35
“Patterns of Global Terrorism,” 151
pirates
decline of, 83
rules for, 81
Sea Peoples as, 82
states’ relationship with, 83
political actors, 4
political integration
direct v. indirect, 10
political regimes, 5.
See also systems of rule
Catholics’ trust networks and, 130
changes, variation in, 30
compatibility, trust networks and, 36–38
integrated trust networks in, 114–117
means of control by, 104
in Middle East, 108–110
organizational problems of, 22
patronage systems in, 35
piracy and, 83
problem in, 4
resources of, 23
top-down strategies of, 104
trust network integration in, 33, 118
trust network variations and, 35
trust networks and, 17
politics
future of, 161
technology and, 155
Poor of Christ. See Waldensians
Poor of Lyons. See Waldensians
Powell, Colin L., 152
predation, 34, 104
anti-Semitic, 86
of Catholic Church, 86
efficacy of, 99
external, 84
governmental, 87, 88
mutual, 85
protection from, 83
of sixteenth-century parish networks, 88–92
predators
coercion by, 84
prosperity of, 98
in trust networks, 85
trust networks of, 81
trust networks v., 79–99
Prendergast, John Patrick, 126
PRI. See Partido Revolucionario Institucional
Pritzlaff, Johan Carl Wilhelm, 17, 62
Proal, Herón, 138
Production Consultation Committee, 143
proletarianization, 120
growth of, 120
poor relief, trust networks and, 122–123
poverty and, 121
redistributive social spending and, 123–124
Protestant Book of Common Prayer, 91
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Weber), 15
Protestant Reformation
Waldensians and, 1
Protestantism
growth of, 3
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 87
Przeworski, Adam, 145
public politics, 4
changes, variation in, 30
church and, 27
connections with, 23
contentious politics in, 5
direct v. indirect integration into, 7
noncontentious politics and, 5
political problems of, 32
redistributive social spending and, 123–124
trust and, 134
trust networks, connections with, 31, 144, 150, 161
trust networks’ accommodations with, 23
trust networks in, 7, 10, 18–22
trust networks’ integration in, 97
violent trust networks in, 117
withdrawal from, 144, 159
Purcell, Nicholas, 82
Putnam, Robert, 132, 159
al-Qaeda, 109, 151
Raggio, Osvaldo, 47
Rejín, Manuel, 142
relations
quality of, 36
stakes of, 36
trust and, 37
religion
trust networks and, 125
Rheingold, Howard, 155
Rivarola, Ambrosio, 47
Roberts, John (Black Bart), 79
Rompiechoue, Marie, 102
Rubin, Jeffrey, 143
rule
stability of, 50
systems of, 34
in trust networks, 118
rulers, 4
means of control by, 104
mutual benefit of, 50
resource competition and, 6
resources of, 100
of states, 51
top-down strategies of, 104
trust networks and, 6, 50
Sea Peoples, 82
segregated trust networks, 108–110
modern example of, 108
national power bids of, 110
segregation, 106
analysis of, 107
Seven Years War, 100
Shakespeare, William, 17, 62
Short Message Service (SMS), 155
Singerman, Diane, 108
Six Articles, 89
Skocpol, Theda, 160
Smart Mobs, 155
Smith, Adam
criticisms of, 9
kin connections and, 9
solidarity groups and, 7
trust and, 8
Smith, Jackie, 158
Smith, Robert, 64
social interaction
effects of, 25
social life
for group, 38
social movements
political, organizational context of, 158
social networks, 5
attitudes, contract-enforcing institutions and, 16
social processes
categories of, 24
competing explanations for, 25
dispositional accounts of, 24
fairness, justice and, 20
governmental performance and, 20–21
networks of interpersonal commitment and, 20
systemic accounts of, 24
transactional accounts of, 24
social relations
alterations of, 17
Socialist Party (Spain), 148
solidarity
kin connections and, 8
Smith, Adam on, 7
Soly, Hugo, 121
Soviet Union
integrated trust networks in, 115, 116
protection racket in, 115
violent trust networks in, 117
Spain
democratization, de-democratization in, 146–149
organized workers in, 147, 148
political history in, 149
Spanish Communist Party, 148
Stalin, Joseph, 153
sustenance, 57
systems of rule. See also political regimes
trust networks and, 22, 50
variation in, 51
’t Hart, Marjolein, 119
Taliban, 110
technology
activists and, 156
politics and, 155
Terpstra, Nicholas, 93
terror
of 1998–2004, 154
American definition of, 153
internationalization of, 154
terrorism
bottom-up, 153
threat of, 153
top-down version of, 153
theocracy, 106
definition of, 31
trust networks’ integration in, 118
Theory of Moral Sentiments (Smith), 7
Tilly, Louise, 61
totalitarianism, 106
definition of, 31
trust networks’ integration in, 118
trade diasporas, 65–69
adaptability, durability of, 68
creation of, 67
credit systems and, 68
historical evidence of, 66
migration systems and, 66
in modern day, 68
shifting of, 67
strategies of, 105
survival of, 69
trust, 11
as attitude, 12
deliberation and, 134
in democracy, 132–137
democratic dilemma of, 134
democratization and, 125–150
dispositional accounts of, 25
public politics and, 134
relationship of, 12, 134
as social relation, 16
systemic accounts of, 25
transactional accounts of, 25
trust networks. See also integrated trust networks
alternative protective strategies of, 84
authorities’ interaction with, 105
before, outside state intervention, 28
benefits of, 44
bottom-up strategies of, 33, 104
boundaries of, 56
capacity of, 155
chain-linked migration and, 53, 65
as changeable, 12
changes, variation in, 30, 35, 36, 97, 161
charismatic leadership of, 59
cohesion, control in, 6
collective benefits and, 38
collective enterprises of, 49
common properties of, 36
compatibility, regimes and, 36–38
conformity and, 13
connections with, 23
conspiratorial networks as, 153
contentious politics and, 5
contingent consent and, 19, 135
controls and, 13
creation of, 17
credit networks and, 14–15, 16
criminal, 117
criteria for, 44
de-democratization and, 144
defense of, 97
democracy and, 11, 35, 124
description of, 41
devotional societies as, 94
disintegration of, 17
economics of, 8
elements of, 12
energy, resources to, 6
enterprises of, 13, 43
evidence of, 26–29
exit from, 42–43
external connections of, 57
formation of, 45
in French Revolution, 96
future of, 151–161
governmental predation of, 86, 87
high integration to segregation of, 106
higher-level authorities and, 47
historical impacts of, 14
identification of, 45
illicit, 35
incorporation of, 94
incorporation processes of, 56
integrated, 18–22, 114–117
integration of, 33, 37–38, 50, 104, 117–120, 131, 135
internal changes to, 59
internal coordination of, 58
internal mechanisms for, 78
internal relations of, 58
internal transformations of, 56
internationalization of, 158
interpersonal connections in, 78
Irish democratization and, 129–132
of Johnstown Jews, 53–54
kinship networks v., 46
local politics and, 142
low-stakes v. high-stakes, 38
maintenance of, 50, 98, 119
migration and, 52–55, 59
mobilization, organization in, 143
mutual benefits of, 50
mutual predation of, 85
negotiations of, 106
network of connections and, 5
networks v., 44
new creations of, 14
noncontentious politics and, 5
organization of, 4
organizational principles of, 39
organizational problems of, 22
parish records, testaments of, 28
patronage systems and, 131
physical proximity and, 78
political, economic integration and, 26
political integration of, 10
political regimes and, 17, 22, 55
politically connected, 120
as predators, 81, 84
predators v., 79–99
principal-agent problems and, 9
privileged, 35
problems of, 33
proletarianization and, 122–123
protection strategies of, 83
in public politics, 7, 10, 18–22, 144, 150, 161
public politics, accommodations with, 23
public politics, connections with, 31
al-Qaeda as, 151
quality of relations in, 36
questions of, 11
reasons for change of, 54–61
rebellion by, 91
recognition of, 4
relations in, 36
religious affiliation and, 125
religious changes in, 63–64
reorganization of, 157
reproduction of, 54
resources of, 23
rigidities on, 44
royal predation of, 90
rulers and, 50, 110–114
segregated, 92, 108–110
between segregation, integration of, 103
significance of, 159
social capital and, 26
strategies of, 33–34, 92–94
structure, process of, 27
support and, 12
survival of, 92
sustenance for, 57
systems of rule in, 118
of sixteenth-century parishes, 89, 91
thinning, displacement, withdrawal of, 155–161
ties of, 81
trade diasporas and, 65–69
transformation of, 52–78, 107, 120
transnational, 64–65
in twenty-first century, 13
tyranny of, 49
underground, 35
viability of, 72, 97–99
violent, 117
of Waldensians, 4
web of, 55
trust relationships, 12
Trychay, Sir Christopher, 89
United States
civic involvement, democracy in, 133
United States State Department, 151
Utopia (More), 89
Valdès
Waldensians and, 1
van Leeuwen, Marco, 122
Verdery, Katherine, 46
Volkov, Vadim, 115
Waldensians
disintegration of, 4
factions of, 2
links among, 4
mission of, 2
origin of, 2
prosecution of, 1
public politics and, 5
reach of, 2
before Reformation, 1
trust networks of, 3
Warren, Mark, 133
Weber, Max, 15
Wellman, Barry, 157
Western Rebellion, 91
White, Penitents of Toulon, 95, 96
White, Richard, 101, 107
Wolsey, Cardinal, 88
World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders, 152
World Trade Organization, 155
Zablocki, Benjamin, 74
Zawahiri, Ayman, 152
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