| Contributor Acknowledgments |
page ix |
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My Introduction to Matched Sampling |
1 |
| PART I. THE EARLY YEARS AND THE INFLUENCE OF WILLIAM G. COCHRAN |
5 |
| 1. |
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William G. Cochran’s Contributions to the Design, Analysis, and Evaluation of Observational Studies |
7 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin (1984) |
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| 2. |
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Controlling Bias in Observational Studies: A Review |
30 |
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William G. Cochran and Donald B. Rubin (1973) |
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| PART II. UNIVARIATE MATCHING METHODS AND THE DANGERS OF REGRESSION ADJUSTMENT |
59 |
| 3. |
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Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies |
62 |
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Donald B. Rubin (1973) |
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| 4. |
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The Use of Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Remove Bias in Observational Studies |
81 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin (1973) |
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| 5. |
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Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate |
99 |
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Donald B. Rubin (1977) |
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| PART III. BASIC THEORY OF MULTIVARIATE MATCHING |
115 |
| 6. |
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Multivariate Matching Methods That Are Equal Percent Bias Reducing, I: Some Examples |
117 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin (1976) |
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| 7. |
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Multivariate Matching Methods That Are Equal Percent Bias Reducing, Ⅱ: Maximums on Bias Reduction for Fixed Sample Sizes |
129 |
| |
|
Donald B. Rubin (1976) |
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| 8. |
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Using Multivariate Matched Sampling and Regression Adjustment to Control Bias in Observational Studies |
142 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin (1979) |
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| 9. |
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Bias Reduction Using Mahalanobis-Metric Matching |
160 |
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Donald B. Rubin (1980) |
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| PART IV. FUNDAMENTALS OF PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING |
167 |
| 10. |
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The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects |
170 |
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Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin (1983) |
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| 11. |
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Assessing Sensitivity to an Unobserved Binary Covariate in an Observational Study with Binary Outcome |
185 |
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Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin (1983) |
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| 12. |
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Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score |
193 |
| |
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Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin (1984) |
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| 13. |
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Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score |
207 |
| |
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Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin (1985) |
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| 14. |
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The Bias Due to Incomplete Matching |
217 |
| |
|
Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin (1985) |
|
| PART V. AFFINELY INVARIANT MATCHING METHODS WITH ELLIPSOIDALLY SYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS, THEORY AND METHODOLOGY |
233 |
| 15. |
|
Affinely Invariant Matching Methods with Ellipsoidal Distributions |
235 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin and Neal Thomas (1992) |
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| 16. |
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Characterizing the Effect of Matching Using Linear Propensity Score Methods with Normal Distributions |
249 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin and Neal Thomas (1992) |
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| 17. |
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Matching Using Estimated Propensity Scores: Relating Theory to Practice |
263 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin and Neal Thomas (1996) |
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| 18. |
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Combining Propensity Score Matching with Additional Adjustments for Prognostic Covariates |
282 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin and Neal Thomas (2000) |
|
| PART VI. SOME APPLIED CONTRIBUTIONS |
305 |
| 19. |
|
Causal Inference in Retrospective Studies |
308 |
| |
|
Paul W. Holland and Donald B. Rubin (1988) |
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| 20. |
|
The Design of the New York School Choice Scholarships Program Evaluation |
328 |
| |
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Jennifer L. Hill, Donald B. Rubin, and Neal Thomas (1999) |
|
| 21. |
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Estimating and Using Propensity Scores with Partially Missing Data |
347 |
| |
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Ralph B. D’Agostino, Jr., and Donald B. Rubin (2000) |
|
| 22. |
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Using Propensity Scores to Help Design Observational Studies: Application to the Tobacco Litigation |
365 |
| |
|
Donald B. Rubin (2001) |
|
| PART VII. SOME FOCUSED APPLICATIONS |
383 |
| 23. |
|
Criminality in XYY and XXY Men |
385 |
| |
|
Herman A. Witkin, Sarnoff A. Mednick, Fini Schulsinger, Eskild Bakkestrøm, Karl O. Christiansen, Donald R. Goodenough, Kurt Hirschhorn, Claes Lundsteen, David R. Owen, John Philip, Donald B. Rubin, and Martha Stocking (1976) |
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| 24. |
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Practical Implications of Modes of Statistical Inference for Causal Effects and the Critical Role of the Assignment Mechanism |
402 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin (1991) |
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| 25. |
|
In Utero Exposure to Phenobarbital and Intelligence Deficits in Adult Men |
426 |
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June Machover Reinisch, Stephanie A. Sanders, Erik Lykke Mortensen, and Donald B. Rubin (1995) |
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| 26. |
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Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores |
443 |
| |
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Donald B. Rubin (1997) |
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| 27. |
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On Estimating the Causal Effects of DNR Orders |
455 |
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Martin W. McIntosh and Donald B. Rubin (1999) |
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Conclusion: Advice to the Investigator |
460 |
| References |
463 |
| Author Index |
483 |
| Subject Index |
487 |
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