Index
Aaron, Henry, 168, 170, 178, 179–80, 215
Allott, Sen. Gordon (R.-Colo.), 53, 54
American Enterprise Institute, 207 (n2), 208 (n4), 216
changes in publications, 68
criticism of in 1970s, 54 (n63)
formation of, 44
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 174–6, 176 (n52), 180
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 80, 82, 229
relationship to formation of Heritage Foundation, 53–4, 152–3
tax cut in 2001 and, 134
transportation deregulation and, 214
American Prospect, The, 116
Andrews, Rep. Michael (D.-Tex.), 163
Annie E. Casey Foundation, child tax credit in 2001 and, 198–200
Armacost, Michael, 70 (n101)
Badger, Doug, 119 (n41), 172, 180
Barnet, Richard, 47
Baucus, Sen. Max (D.-Mont.), 137
Baumgartner, Frank R., 143 (n87)
Bell, Daniel, 50
Bennett, William, 208 (n4)
Berkowitz, Herb, 215 (n16)
Berry, Jeffrey, 10, 10 (n25)
Bimber, Bruce, 87, 87 (n16)
Blau, Bob, 148
Bliley, Rep. Thomas (R.-Va.), 128, 129, 185
Bonior, Rep. David (D.-Mich.), 189
Broder, David, 120 (n42)
Brookings Institution, 208 (n4), 215, 216
changes 1960s–1990s, 58, 60, 62, 65–6, 69, 70 (n101, n102)
child tax credit in 2001 and, 146, 198–200, 201, 202, 211–12
formation of, 40, 205
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 168, 168 (n23), 179
Lyndon Johnson tribute, 1
marketing of research, 67–8, 69–70
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 80, 82–3, 229, 231
transportation deregulation and, 214
welfare reform reauthorization, 4
See also Institute for Government Research ; Institute of Economics
Brookings, Robert S., 39–40, 229
Brooks, Rep. Jack (D.-Tex.), 125, 125 (n51)
Brown, Gretchen, 115 (n29), 167, 179
Brown, Richard, 115, 115 (n29), 167, 179
Bureau of Municipal Research (N.Y.)
comment about, 29
formation of, 34–7
Burke, Sheila, 174, 202 (n104)
Burson-Marsteller Public Relations/Public Affairs, 81, 225
Buse, Mark, 188
Bush, President George H.W., 116–17
Bush, President George W., and the 2001 tax cut, 131–8, 144, 198
business political mobilization, 49–50
Butler, Stuart, 171, 174
Campaign for America’s Future, 221
Carnegie, Andrew, 40
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 40
Carnegie Foundation (Carnegie Corporation), 40
Cato Institute
formation of, 55–6
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 157, 174, 176
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 78, 80, 82, 229
Social Security reform and, 214
Center for Defense Information, 204
Center for Defense of Free Enterprise, 204
Center for Democracy and Technology, 204
Center for Equal Opportunity, 204
Center for Military Readiness, 204
Center for New Black Leadership, 204
Center for Strategic and International Studies, 204
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities
child tax credit in 2001 and, 146, 198–200, 201
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 157
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 81, 82
welfare reform reauthorization, 4
Cerisano, John, 180
Chafee, Sen. John (R.-R.I.), 173–4
Chafee, Sen. Lincoln (R.-R.I.), 198
Christian groups, mobilization into politics, 51–2
Citizens for a Sound Economy
hybrid organizational nature, 219 (n24)
telecommunications reform in 1995–6 and, 181–3, 188, 190, 194–6
Cleveland, Frederick, 37–9
Clinton, President Bill
and 1993–4 health care reform, 114–20, 144, 163–6, 169 (n27), 170, 178, 179
and 1995–6 telecommunications reform, 120–5
and 1996 welfare reform, 104
and proposed tax cuts in 1999, 133–4
Coats, Sen. Dan (R.-Ind.), 173 (n40)
Cobb, Roger W., 108, 111, 214
Collins, Sen. Susan (R.-Me.), 198
Committee for Economic Development, 43–4
Congressional Budget Office, 211
and 1993–4 health care reform, 118, 202 (n104)
and 1995–6 telecommunications reform, 191–2
and 2001 tax cut, 135, 202
conservative politics, growth of, 49–53
Coors, Joseph, 54
Council for Affordable Health Insurance (CAHI), 173 (n40)
Crandall, Robert, 186
Crane, Ed, 55–6
Critchlow, Donald, 35
Cutting, Fulton, 39
Danforth, Sen. John (R.-Mo.), 125
Darman, Richard, 117 (n33), 175
Defense Department, support of contract research, 62–3
deJanosi, Peter, 62
Delaware Public Policy Institute, 15
deLeon, Peter, 107 (n7)
Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), 169, 169 (n27)
Demos, 218
Derthick, Martha, 149
Dickson, Paul, 13 (n31), 46–7, 47 (n46)
Dingell, Rep. John (D.-Mich.), 125, 125 (n51), 129
Dodge, Cleveland, 39
Dole, Sen. Bob (R.-Kans.)
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 174
telecommunications reform in 1995–6 and, 127–8, 181, 183–4, 188, 194 (n88)
DuPont, Pierre S., 15
Economic Policy Institute, 211
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 157, 168
Economic Strategy Institute, telecommunications reform in 1995–6 and, 192–3, 196
Eisenach, Jeff, 185, 186
Ellwood, Paul, 162–3, 163 (n10), 174
Employee Benefit Research Institute, 156 (n2)
Empower America, 208 (n4)
Enthoven, Alain, 115, 115 (n30), 116 (n31), 118, 157–63, 174, 176–7
Etheredge, Lynn, 162–3
Exon, Sen. James (D.-Neb.), 130 (n65)
Falwell, Jerry, 51
Families USA, 116
Family Research Council, 219
Faux, Jeff, 211
Feder, Judy, 116, 166
Feldstein, Martin, 171
Ferguson, Christine, 174, 174 (n42)
Feulner, Edwin, 53–4, 64–5, 152
Fields, Rep. Jack (R.-Tex.), 125, 185
Fisher, Joseph, 60
Fleishman, Joel, 207
Fleming, Scott, 115 (n30)
Folsom, Marion B., 43
Forbes, Steve, 133
Ford Foundation, 205, 213 (n11)
changes in priorities in 1970s, 61–2
criticism of in relation to TRA of 1969, 58, 58 (n72)
support of Institute for Policy Studies, 47
Fred C. Koch Foundation, 56 (n68), 64
Fried, Bruce, 116, 166
Friedman, Milton, 52
Gans, Herbert, 89
Garamendi, John, 118, 164–5, 177–8, 179
Gattuso, James, 181–3, 186, 188, 194–5, 219
Gawande, Atul, 163
Gephardt, Rep. Richard (D.-Mo.), 135
German Marshall Fund, 222
Gilder, George, 189
Gingrich, Newt, 185, 187
tribute to Heritage Foundation, 1
Glazer, Nathan, 50
Gleid, Sherry, 113 (n22)
Golden Rule Insurance Company, 173
Goldwater, Barry, 52, 54, 152
Goodman, John, 173, 176, 180, 206
Goodnow, Frank, 37–8
Gordon, Kermit, 60
Gore, Vice President Al, 121–3, 125, 134, 193 (n87)
Gorham, William, 48, 67, 68
Graber, Doris, 89
Gramm, Sen. Phil (R.-Tex.), 136, 180
Grassley, Sen. Charles (R.-Iowa), 137
Greene, Jerome
comment on Bureau of Municipal Research, 29
role in formation of think tanks, 38–9
Greenstein, Robert, 199–200, 201
Haass, Richard, 70, 70 (n102)
Hacker, Jacob, 115 (n30), 116 (n31), 162, 164
Haislmaier, Edmund, 171
Hall, Peter, 8
Harris, Robert, 189
Hastings Center, 156 (n2)
Hausman, Jerry, 189
Hazlett, Tom, 186
health care reform in 1993–4
agenda-setting moments of, 112–18
characteristic of entrepreneurial politics, 109–10
experts and policy research during, 157–67
think tanks and, 167–76
Health Insurance Association of America, 144
Hellebust, Lynn, 13–14, 221
Helms, Robert, 174, 175 (n45), 180
Heritage Foundation, 216
formation of, 53–5, 152–3, 206
funding of, 64–5
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 171–2, 180
involvement with state think tanks, 56 (n69)
marketing of research, 67, 207, 215 (n16), 219
Newt Gingrich tribute, 1
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 78, 80, 82–3, 229, 231
telecommunication reform in 1995–6 and, 181, 183–4, 189–90, 194–6
welfare reform reauthorization, 4
Hewlett, William, 15
Hodgson, Godfrey, 51–2, 52 (n60)
Hollings, Sen. Ernest (D.-S.C.), 125, 127–8, 181
Hoover Institution, 134
Huber, Peter, 185, 186, 189
Hudson Institute, 185, 216 (n17)
changes in funding, 66
criticism of in 1968, 46 (n43)
formation of, 45–7, 47 (n46)
Inouye, Sen. Daniel (D.-Ha.), 125
Institute for Energy Research, 221
Institute for Gay and Lesbian Strategic Studies, 221
Institute for Government Research, 38–40. See also Brookings Institution
Institute for Policy Studies
changes during 1990s, 68, 70–1
formation of, 47–8
George McGovern on, 71 (n105)
Institute of Economics, 40–1
Jackson Hole Group, 162–4, 169, 170, 177 (n53), 178
Jacobs, Rep. Andy (D.-Ind.), 173 (n40)
James Madison Institute, 15
Jeffords, Sen. James (R.-Vt.), 198
Jenkins-Smith, Hank, 108
John M. Olin Foundation, 64, 212 (n11)
Johnson, Haynes, 120 (n42)
Johnson, Lyndon B., tribute to Brookings Institution, 1
Jones, Bryan D., 143 (n87)
Kahn, Herman, 45–6
Kahn, Jonathan, 36–7
Kendall, David, 163, 178
Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 189–90
Kerrey, Sen. Bob (D.-Neb.), 114–15, 115 (n29), 142–3, 166–7, 179
Kerry, Sen. John (D.-Mass.), 200
Keyworth, George, 185
Kingdon, John, 2, 5, 209, 217
Klain, Ronald, 134
Koch, Charles, 55–6
Kotler, Milton, 48
Kristol, Irving, 50
Lasswell, Harold, 2, 6, 209, 210, 220
Lenkowsky, Leslie, 216 (n17)
Lewin-VHI, 118, 118 (n37), 212
Lilly Foundation, 64
Lincoln, Sen. Blanche (D.-Ark.), 200
Lindblom, Charles, 108
Lindsey, Lawrence, 134, 135
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 51
Lipsky, Michael, 213 (n11)
Lott, Sen. Trent (R.-Miss.), 187, 197
Lowi, Theodore, 9 (n19)
MacLaury, Bruce, 69
Magaziner, Ira, 119, 119 (n39), 164–165 (n41)
Manhattan Institute
and 1993–4 health care reform, 119, 156 (n2), 174, 176
and 1995–6 telecommunications reform, 190
and Charles Murray, 104
Mann, Thomas, 208 (n4)
Markey, Rep. Edward (D.-Mass.), 123
Marmor, Theodore R., 119 (n39)
Martin, Cathie Jo, 49 (n52)
Mashaw, Jerry L., 119 (n39)
Mayhew, David R., 112 (n20)
McCain, Sen. John (R.-Ariz.), 127 (n56), 133, 183, 188
McCaughey, Elizabeth, 119, 119 (n39, n41)
McClean, Chris, 127 (n56)
McClellan, Donald, 127, 130 (n64), 185, 186, 195
McGovern, George, on the Institute for Policy Studies, 71 (n105)
McKittrick, Beverly, 183, 188, 194–5
Merriam, Charles, 2, 5 (n10), 209, 210, 220
Mihalski, Ed, 174
Miller, Sen. Zell (D.-Ga.), 136
Moffit, Robert, 171–2
Monetarism, appeal of, 52–3
Moon, Marilyn, 168, 170, 207 (n2)
Morgan, J. P., 39
Murray, Charles, 104
Nathan Cummings Foundation, 218
National Bureau for Economic Research (NBER), 40, 41
changes in 1960s, 69 (n100)
National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA), 206
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 156 (n2), 173, 176, 180
National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy, 64, 64 (n84), 218
neoconservatives, 50–1
New America Foundation, 218, 218 (n20)
Nickles, Sen. Don (R.-Okla.), 170–2, 180
Nixon, President Richard, 52
Noam, Eli, 124
O’Connor, Alice, 105 (n3)
Office of Technology Assessment, 86
Olbeter, Erik, 187, 192, 196
Olson, Mancur, 33 (n10)
Ornstein, Norman, 207 (n2)
Packwood, Sen. Bob (R.-Ore.), 127 (n56), 174
Patman, Rep. Wright (D.-Tex.), 57–8, 59 (n73, n74)
Pauly, Mark, 175, 176 (n52), 180
Piereson, James, 212 (n11)
Pitsch, Peter, 186
Pollack, Ron, 116, 165–6, 178
Posner, Richard, 207, 208 (n4)
Pressler, Sen. Larry (R.-S.D.), 128–9, 185, 187–92
Progress and Freedom Foundation, and 1995–6 telecommunications reform, 185–7
Progressive Policy Institute
designation as centrist think tank, 19 (n40)
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 169 (n27), 169–77
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 80, 82
welfare reform reauthorization, 4
Public Interest, The, 50
Public Policy Institute of California, 15
Quello, James (FCC chairman), 123
Quirk, Paul, 149
RAND Corporation
changes in 1970s, 63
changes in funding, 66
evaluation of health insurance deductibles, 114
formation of, 42, 205
health care reform in 1993–4 and, 157
links to Herman Kahn, 45
perceptions of by congressional staff and journalists, 86
Rasell, Edith, 168
Raskin, Marcus, 47
Reagan, President Ronald, 52
Rector, Robert, 104, 104 (n2)
Reed, Bruce, 116, 166, 169 (n27)
Reich, Robert, 164–5
Resources for the Future, 58, 60
Ricci, David, 32
Roberts, Oral, 51
Robertson, Pat, 51
Robinson, Ken, 186
Robinson, Marshall, 61
Rochefort, David, 108, 111, 214
Rockefeller Foundation, 29, 39–40, 41, 205
Rockefeller, John D., Sr., 36, 39, 40–1
Rockefeller, John D., III, 59 (n73)
Rooney, Pat, 173
Rosner, Jeremy, 169, 170, 178 (n27)
Rothwell, Easton, 5–6
Russell Sage Foundation, formation of, 34
Sabatier, Paul, 108
Salisbury, Robert, 33 (n10)
Sarah Mellon Scaife Foundation, 64
Sawhill, Isabel, 199–200, 212
Schuck, Peter, (n17), 8 (n18)
Shuman, Michael, 68, 71
Sidak, Greg, 186
Smith, Bruce L.R., 42 (n35)
Smith, James A., 7, (n15), 32, 41–2
Smith Richardson Foundation, 64
Snowe, Sen. Olympia (R.-Me.), 138, 198–200, 201, 211
Specter, Sen. Arlen (R.-Pa.), 198
Stark, Rep. Pete (D.-Calif.), 120 (n42)
Starr, Paul, 164–5
Stearns, Rep. Cliff (R.-Fla.), 170–2
Steelman, Deborah, 175
Stein, Herbert, 43, 208, 218 (n4)
Steurle, Eugene, (n26)
Stone, Deborah, 142
Stone, Diane, 13 (n31)
Taft Commission, 37–8
Tanner, Michael, 176
tax cut of 2001
as example of majoritarian politics, 110
politics of, 131–8
think tanks and experts and, 196–201
Tax Reform Act of 1969, 57–61
telecommunications reform in 1995–6
characteristic of interest-group politics, 110
politics of, 120–31
think tanks and experts and, 180–96
Thierer, Adam, 183–4, 186, 187–8, 192, 194–6
think tanks
business support of, 36–7
calculating the number of, 13–14, 15 (n34)
conservative proliferation of, 53–6
defining influence of, 153–5
definition of, 11–12
formation of during Progressive Era, 34–41
formation of during 1930s and 1940s, 41–3
growth in number of, 15 (n35)
ideologies of, 18–22, 24 (n43)
lack of scholarly attention to, 6–11 (n25)
media and congressional visibility, 87–103
scope of research mission, 16–18
size of organizations, 16, (n44) 22–3 (n45)
state-level organizations, 15–16, 18, 20–4
survey of congressional staff and journalists about, 77–86
Thomas, Adam, 199, 212
Thomas, Rep. Bill (R.-Calif.), 173
Truman, David, 33 (n10)
Tsongas, Sen. Paul (D.-Mass.), 114
Urban Institute, 48–49, 207 (n2)
and 1993–4 health care reform, 118, 168, (n37) 169 (n26)
changes in funding, 63, 67
marketing research, 68
Victor, Kirk, 122 (n46)
Vogel, David, 50
Walker, Jack, 33 (n10)
Waskow, Arthur, 47
Weaver, R. Kent
on the Brookings Institution, 7
on welfare reform in 1996, 104, 105, (n3) 106, (n5) 217
WEFA Group, 189
Weiner, Joshua, 168
Weinstein, Michael, 162–3, 177
Weiss, Carol H., 76–7, 100
welfare reform in 1996, 104–5, 147–8
welfare reform reauthorization in 2002, 3–4
Weyrich, Paul, 53–4, 152
Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 175
White, Joseph, 168 (n23)
Willoughby, William, 37–9
Wilson, David, 127, 128, 184, 188, 189
Wilson, James Q., 109
Wofford, Sen. Harris (D.-Pa.), 113, 165
Woodhouse, Edward J., 108
Worldwatch Institute, 84, 231
Zelman, Walter, 118, 164–5, 177–8, (n55) 179 (n60)
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