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Our current world order is in a period of rupture, marked by increasing geo-political competition. This rupture has entirely upended Europe's place in the world, leading it to seek greater strategic autonomy on the world stage. This book is devoted to exploring the impact of these momentous geo-political changes on Europe's legal order. As the book demonstrates, the search for strategic autonomy is increasingly upending many of our key assumptions about EU law, altering its goals, its constitutional underpinnings and key elements of its substantive law. Examining key emerging fields of EU law and policy, as well as the relation between the European, US, Chinese and international law orders, this book provides a first mapping of the emerging geo-political Europe and its reformed legal architecture. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Politics, Grievances, and Protest draws on one hundred interviews and forty years of media coverage to provide a cross-national analysis of student mobilization in Latin America's Southern Cone. The book explains why student protests increased in Chile starting in the 2000s, while decreasing in neighboring Argentina and Uruguay. Its findings show that when democracies persistently ignore social demands, they may indirectly foster protest growth. In such contexts, the absence of meaningful change fuels anti-establishment grievances, encourages social movement innovation, and facilitates processes of radicalization that can spread widely. In contrast, state responsiveness often produces the opposite effect. These findings challenge long-standing theories that link relatively closed political systems and movement radicalization to decreased mobilization and suggest that grievances play a central role in shaping variation in protest activity. This is a Flip it Open title and may be available open access on Cambridge Core.
What happens when people cross borders to learn and then return to the worlds that shaped them? This book follows 391 returnees from sixty-nine countries to show how international higher education reshapes how individuals see, judge, and engage in their societies. Drawing on vivid cases from education, health, poverty, and democratic life, it traces five generative mechanisms-reflexive agency, civic understanding, knowledge translation, transnational social relations, and intercultural understanding-through which comparative experience becomes consequential after return. Grounded in critical realism, transformative learning, and transnational theory, the book introduces a new framework centred on presence: a sustained relational stance through which individuals hold their ground under constraint. It offers an empirically rich account of how international study widens interpretive horizons, sustains engagement, and keeps democratic and institutional possibility open even in settings marked by inequality, fragility, and uncertainty. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
As pointed out by the editors of this unusual volume, studying the development of contemporary Spain is important to understand the challenges, dynamics and limits of political and economic modernization. The contributors of Twisted Modernization bring the theoretical and methodological toolkit of modern political economy to study Spain's long run economic (industrialization) and institutional (capacity, constitutions) processes, the evolution of its economic, political and judicial elites, and how the country's institutional legacies condition its democracy and economic outcomes to this day. Including work from over a dozen of well-known specialists and grounded in novel and systematic data, this volume provides a sober assessment of both the country's achievements and worrying future challenges. It offers key insights on the causes of democratization and growth in general and provides a model for further research on the trajectories of other countries. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Progress in the Social Sciences examines the degree to which social scientists have made progress in their understanding of democracy and democratic transitions. It provides a framework to assess social science research and a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the field of democracy studies from the late eighteenth century to the present. The book finds that sustained progress has been made by the social sciences and that progress has come through the development of concepts, theories, data, and empirical tests. Moreover, the book argues that advances in knowledge have been made via bold innovations rather than through many small incremental steps. Driven by a desire to better understand whether the social sciences contribute to knowledge about societies and their problems, Progress in the Social Sciences is an ambitious and innovative work that counters the pessimistic views about accomplishments in the social sciences. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In the wake of wars and revolutions, fragile societies increasingly turn to interim constitutions to enact their visions for a brighter future. With more than 150 interim constitutions enacted globally since 1789, an understanding is needed of these legal instruments and how well they perform. As the first major comparative study, Interim Constitutions: Legal Nature and Performance fills this void. This authoritative guide for practitioners and scholars addresses how interim constitutions compare to other constitutional reform options, when they are used and why, their functions, drafting processes and main design features, negotiation challenges, and the benefits they yield – including whether they lead to final (non-interim) constitutions, as well as greater peace and democracy. Dozens of hypotheses in the state of the art on achieving successful transitions are tested and disrupted, leading to novel and useful insights for improving future practice. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Many believe that the power to start wars is the most important issue of constitutional war powers-and perhaps the most important issue of constitutional law altogether. Yet this fixation on the power to start wars obscures equally important questions. Who has the power to prepare for war, deter it, conduct it, decide its aims, or end it? Although many democracies wrestle with these constitutional questions, the United States stands apart in that no other written constitution has had to function over time across such dramatic transformations in national military power and radical swings in strategy for wielding it. To show the many ways that political leaders have adapted law-in war, in peace, and in the gray zones between-this book weaves together the stories of American constitutional war powers, military history, and grand strategy from the Revolutionary War to possible conflicts of the future. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Anarchism is often assumed to stand outside constitutionalism, yet it forms a significant, if overlooked, tradition of constitutional thought. Addressing global constitutional crises and the impasses of state-centred politics, this book brings anarchism into productive dialogue with constitutional, political and international theory. At its core is a reconstruction of anarchist social theory grounded in an ontology of anarchy shaped by European social science and republican concerns with dividing and balancing power. These ideas were reinterpreted by major anarchist thinkers - from Proudhon to Lucy Parsons, and from Tolstoy to Kōtoku Shūsui - who advanced decentralised, federalist alternatives to imperial and hierarchical orders. Combining intellectual history with co-produced research alongside anarchist groups, Constitutionalising Anarchy shows how constitutional practices developed within militant labour unions, protest movements and cooperatives across the twentieth century. It reconsiders anarchy, constitutionalism and the possibilities of political organisation. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This book traces the shifting contours of caste and agrarian inequality, revealing how older hierarchies are being reconfigured in new forms and how they impact democracy. It offers a compelling ethnographic account of how democratic mechanisms-including political participation, elections, and protest movements-actually function in rural India. Focusing on Indian Punjab, it reveals the often stark disconnect between formal democratic ideals and ground-level realities. Engaging with major debates on clientelism, identity politics, and the criminalisation of politics, the book sheds light on the complexities of political representation and accountability. The book also fills a critical gap in the political anthropology of Indian Punjab, offering valuable insights into the region's current political discontent. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
To mark the 75th year of India's birth as a republic, Knowledge/Nation brings together reflections on how the social sciences and allied interdisciplinary fields have evolved in the country, and where we can go from here. It explores how India has figured as an object of knowledge and a site of critical reflection in the last hundred years. The volume presents wide coverage – not only narrating the evolution of history, politics, economics, literature etc. in context of changing democratic debates but also asks difficult questions, such as why religious studies never came centre-stage in the academy even though religion remained salient in public debates, how gender studies, film studies and Dalit studies emerged out of demands from outside the academy and whether environmental studies can be framed by the nation at all, given the planetary-scale of the climate crisis. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In 2013 and the years that followed, a series of attacks unfolded across India, Pakistan and Bangladesh – attributed to militant Hindu nationalist, Islamist, and sometimes complicit state actors – targeting irreligious dissenters. These included the murder of rationalist leader Narendra Dabholkar in India, the machete attacks on 'atheist bloggers' in Bangladesh, and the death sentence imposed on academic Junaid Hafeez in Pakistan. Amid a vast literature on Hindutva, militant Islam, communal politics and the legal regimes that surround them, Dissentiments approaches these dynamics from a distinctive angle: their fraught and sometimes violent relationship with people labelled as non-religious. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research in Bangladesh, Pakistan, India and Europe, it examines how these individuals navigate the risks of public expression where religion remains intertwined with nationalism and political authority, and perspectives on how non-religious critique becomes both vulnerable and politically productive. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Is the Arctic destined for conflict, or can cooperation prevail? This timely book explores the complex interplay of security, geography, and regions in the Arctic. Moving beyond simplistic narratives of geopolitical rivalry, it offers a nuanced, multilevel analysis of state security practices, foreign policies, and regional cooperation across distinct subregions. Challenging conventional notions of 'regions' and re-evaluating the role of geographic proximity, it provides fresh insights into how states engage with their neighbours. It also explores the enduring relevance of geography in international relations, demonstrating how the concept of an 'Arctic region' can be a powerful framework but also rests on some false assumptions. Essential for scholars, students, and policymakers, Arctic Geopolitics reshapes our understanding of security dynamics in the Arctic and beyond. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Bad lawyering has come under increasing focus though NDAs, SLAPPs, the banking crisis, and latterly the UK's Post Office Scandal, an extraordinary legal scandal spanning more than 20 years that ruined thousands of lives. This book examines the commercial, cultural, legal, and psychological drivers of ethical failure weaving them together with case studies in a compelling account of what is wrong with lawyers' ethics. Rather than concentrating on a few bad apples, it shows how deep-seated traditions, psychological frailties, the complacency and aggression of well-paid lawyers, and the pragmatism, cynicism, and hubris of organisations combines to pollute decision-making and weaken the rule of law. Be it through awful orthodoxies or legality illusions, it shows how a lawyer's naturally uncomfortable relationship with truth and justice can become improper or even criminal. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Does a unified law of interpretation exist? Can it be applied to all legal rules, regardless of their source, interpreter, or subject matter? This volume offers a comprehensive exploration of how interpretation is practiced across the diverse landscape of international law. Drawing on contributions from leading scholars and practitioners, the book examines interpretation through the lenses of multiple actors, sources, and regimes, revealing three core themes. Unity emerges in shared interpretative methods, rooted in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and its customary counterparts. Diversity appears in the distinctive approaches found within specialised legal regimes. Evolution is seen in the growing range of materials considered during interpretation. Rich in comparative insights, this volume will be an essential reference for researchers, practitioners, and anyone interested in the dynamic processes that shape meaning in international law. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Ryan Jablonski's Dependency Politics examines how democracy works in aid-dependent countries. He draws on over six years of fieldwork to investigate relationships between donors and politicians, showing how politicians make policy and how aid dependency changes voters' assessments of politician performance. He reveals that voters don't simply reward politicians for aid, rather they condition their votes on beliefs about how politicians influence aid delivery. This leads to a 'visibility-uncertainty' paradox where aid can either enhance or erode democratic accountability. Revisiting assumptions about the effects of foreign aid on political behavior, he also explains how aid can cause citizens to vote against their interests and sometimes benefit opposition candidates over incumbents. Drawing on surveys, interviews, focus groups, and field experiments, Jablonski challenges conventional wisdom about foreign aid and offers lessons for balancing trade-offs over aid effectiveness, political capture and capacity-building. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.