¹ For information, offprints, books and photographs I am indebted to Dr A. Peredolskaya, Dr V. Skydnova, Dr I. Antonova, Dr N. Britova, Dr N. Sidorova; Prof. E. Condurachi, Miss S. Dimitriu, Miss M. Coja, P. Alexandrescu (and it gives me pleasure to record the gratitude of a party from Oxford, of which I was one, to the Rumanian Academy for their hospitality in 1959); Miss N. K. Sandars, Mrs A. D. Ure, Prof. J. M. Cook, Prof. E. Akurgal.

² Bull. Inst. Arch. Bulg. xviii (1952) 102 ff.Google Scholar

³ Bull. Inst. Arch. Bulg. xviii (1952) 93 ff.

⁴ Cf. Frel, in Studia Antiqua Salač 163 f.Google Scholar

⁵ As that in Paris, by Frel, , Bull. Inst. Arch. Bulg. xxiii (1960) 239 ff.; including a double eye-cup (240 fig. 1.3) like Rhoikos' dedication at Naucratis (Naucratis ii pl. 7.1) and a Chian stamnos (112 fig. 83).Google Scholar

⁶ A good survey by Ognenova in BCH lxxxiv (1960) 221 ff.Google Scholar

⁷ Dacia v (1961) 275 ff.Google Scholar

⁸ Dacia v (1961) 233 ff.

⁹ Cf. BCH lxxxiii (1959) 455 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Dacia iii (1959) 143 ff.Google Scholar

¹¹ A useful survey of the early levels by Condurachi in Griechische Städte (ed. Irmscher, and Schelov, , (1961) 1Google Scholar ff.; and cf. Pippidi, , BCH lxxxii (1958) 335CrossRefGoogle Scholar ff. Alexandrescu has published fragments (Studii Classke iv (1962) 49Google Scholar ff.) from earlier excavations which he describes as late or sub-geometric, but they seem not unlike the linear-decorated parts of fourth-century or even later vases. An East Greek vase-painter was called Istrokles in the mid-seventh century. This argues familiarity with the Danube (Istros) by this date (Cook, J. M., BSA 53–54 (1958–1959) 16Google Scholar; Greeks in Ionia and the East 53 fig. 12). Cook, R. M., ap. Roebuck, Ionic Trade and Colonisation 118 n. 113Google Scholar, points out that there was an Istros in East Greece. But the name is Thracian not Greek (according to Detschev, Die thrak. Sprachreste), so this too should derive from some knowledge of the Black Sea; and cf. Hesiod, , Th. 339.Google Scholar

¹² Valuable studies of the pottery by Dimitriu, and Coja, in Dacia ii (1958) 69Google Scholar ff.; and cf.Histria i 363 ff.Google Scholar

¹³ Mat. Cere, vi (1959) 283Google Scholar, fig. 7, and Stud, şi Cerc, de 1st. veche ix (1958) 275 ff. figs. 1,2.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Dacia v (1961) 185 ff. for sculpture from Istros.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Dacia v (1961) 213 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Dacia ii (1958) 453 fig. 2.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Mat. Cerc, iv (1957) 77ff.; v (1958) 318 ff.; vii (1960) 273 ff.Google Scholar

¹⁸ BCH lxxxii (1958) 349 fig. 20 (reversed).Google Scholar

¹⁹ On Beresan, Tyras, Olbia, Kalos Limen, Chersonesos, Phanagoria, Kepoi and Tanais. This book appeared after this article was written.

²⁰ Sov. Arch. 1959. 1 259–61Google Scholar; for other finds there cf.AA 1911 230, 235 f.; 1912 378.Google Scholar

²¹ IGAIMK 1935 94 fig. 25. In the Museum of Novocherkassk.Google Scholar

²² In Gr. Städte (above, n. 11) 60 ff., pls. 23 , 24, 27–29, and Sov. Arch. 1956 215 ff.Google Scholar

²³ Gr. Städte 35 ff., pl. 20Google Scholar; Rostovtseff, , Iranians and Greeks pl. 6.Google Scholar

²⁴ Some scenes copied in Cook, , Greeks in Ionia and the East 53 fig. 13Google Scholar; and cf. Radet, , Cybébé 19 fig. 25.Google Scholar

²⁵ Athenian Tribute Lists (ATL) i 557Google Scholar f. places Tyras farther upstream but the Akerman site has yielded plenty of Tyras coins. The equation of Tyras with Ophioussa, made by Pliny and Stephanus, is contested (Sov. Arch. 1959. 2 60 ff.).Google Scholar

²⁶ Sov. Arch. 1957.4 128 ff.; 1960.2 153 ff. (fig. 13.3—? early Attic black-figure; fig. 14 is a Chian storage jar).Google Scholar

²⁷ Soobsch. Erm. xvi (1959) 48 f.Google Scholar

²⁸ On the problems of the location of Kerkinitis at Eupatoria see ATL i 496Google Scholar f. Burn, , The Lyric Age of Greece 115, suggests that Herodotus' Kerkinitis was Berezan, but the Greek settlement at Berezan seems not to have survived the early fifth century, while Kerkinitis, from its coins, did.Google Scholar

²⁹ A valuable conspectus of imported and local wine amphorae from the area is to be found in Mat. Res. 83.

³⁰ A fragment with a dog, first published as late seventh-century, is recognised by Sidorova as later, Fikellura, , Mat. Res. 103 125 fig. 9.1.Google Scholar

³¹ Mat. Res. 56 30 fig. 16 – 1.

³² Cf.Antiquaries Journal xxxix (1959) 174.Google Scholar

³³ Mat. Res. 103 22 fig. 13. Cf. Antf (last note) 189 ff., and note that another moulding of this style has been found at Olbia.

³⁴ On the Ricci hydria and the Oxford Karnak vase (FHS lxxviii (1958) pls. 1Google Scholar, 2a; and cf. now AA 1962 759 ff., figs. 11, 12). Note the characteristic way of showing the vine.Google Scholar

³⁵ On the importance of the short route across from Sinope see Maximova, in Klio xxxvii (1959) 101 ff.Google Scholar

³⁶ Kratkie Ukrain. (1957) 73–75Google Scholar; Archeologiya x (1958)100 ff.Google Scholar

³⁷ Olynthus v pls. 25–41Google Scholar, 45.22; xiii pls . 1–3, 6–10; and a column crater from Phanai in Chios, ADelt ii (1916) 204 fig. 23.Google Scholar

³⁸ Soobsch. Erm. 1956 45 f.Google Scholar

^38a Archaeology xvi. 93 f.Google Scholar

³⁹ Vestnik 1952 238–42Google Scholar; Kapanadze, Grusinskaya numismatika; Lang, , Num. Notes and Mon. no. 130, 7Google Scholar, doubted the early date, but later admitted one of the other types (lion-minotaur), Num. Chron. 1957 138 f.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Cf. the fourth-century hoard from Kobyleti with coins of Sinope and Colchis, Vestnik 1961.1 42 ff.Google Scholar

⁴¹ See Arch. Reports for 1959–60 34, and Boysal, in AA 1959 8–20Google Scholar. On Greek penetration of the Black Sea, Graham, in Bull. Inst. Class. Stud. London v (1958) 25 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴² Akurgal, and Budde, , Vorlduf. Ber. Sinope (1956) 12 ff.Google Scholar; Jeffery, , Local Scripts 164.Google Scholar

⁴³ Akurgal and Budde, pls. 6, 7; Akurgal, , Zwei Grabstelen (Berlin Winckelmannsprogramm 111)Google Scholar; Jeffery, , op. cit., 369.Google Scholar