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Spatial patterns of within-tree Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) attacks during outbreak conditions in the Ozark National Forest in Arkansas, United States of America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2019

Jessica A. Hartshorn ,
Larry D. Galligan  and
Fred M. Stephen
Jessica A. Hartshorn*
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29630, United States of America
Larry D. Galligan
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, United States of America
Fred M. Stephen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: jhartsh@clemson.edu)
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Abstract

Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (red oak borer; Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a native wood borer that colonises and develops in oaks (Quercus Linnaeus; Fagaceae) across southeastern Canada and the eastern United States of America. It is rarely considered a pest because it normally occurs at low population density levels in stressed or dying oak trees. In the late 1990s and early 2000s there was a large, historically unique outbreak of E. rufulus in the Ozark mountains of Arkansas and Missouri, United States of America. This outbreak provided an opportunity to investigate within-tree spatial distribution of attacks during unusually high insect population levels. Fifty trees from northern Arkansas were felled and destructively sampled. The locations of attack sites by female E. rufulus were standardised across varying heights and diameters for comparison across trees. Attack sites showed a significant clustered pattern within trees. Attack sites were aggregated towards the lower and middle bole, and on the south-facing side of trees. This pattern has been seen in other insects, including wood borers, and is potentially related to differences in temperature. These patterns of ovipositional behaviour in outbreak situations have implications for E. rufulus resource partitioning and facultative intraguild predation among larvae.

Type
Behaviour and Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 151 , Issue 6 , December 2019 , pp. 738 - 744
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2019 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Barbara Bentz

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