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How do diet and exercise programmes affect the cardiovascular risk profiles of obese children?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2019

Aysu Türkmen Karaağaç Open the ORCID record for Aysu Türkmen Karaağaç [Opens in a new window]  and
Ayşe İnci Yıldırım
Aysu Türkmen Karaağaç*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatry, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Koşuyolu Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Ayşe İnci Yıldırım
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Koşuyolu Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
*
Author for correspondence: A. T. Karaağaç, Department of Pediatry, University of Health Sciences, Kartal Koşuyolu Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Tel: +533-5679965; E-mail: aysukaraagac@gmail.com
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Abstract

Obesity is a global health issue in both children and adults. Besides its comorbidities, cardiac structure and functions may be impaired from childhood if obesity is not controlled in the growing years. The effects of diet and exercise on the cardiovascular functions and biochemical parameters of obese children were evaluated in this study.

In a tertiary hospital, 6–16-year-old of mean age 10.8±2.3 years, non-random voluntarily selected 34 obese children with body mass index above 95th percentile and no syndromic or systemic illnesses were enrolled in this prospective study. Weights, heights, and blood pressures were recorded. Cardiac functions were evaluated by M-mode and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, liver enzyme, and thyroid hormone levels were analysed. These measurements were repeated after a 6-month diet and exercise programme. The results were compared statistically.

Echocardiography of the obese children after diet and exercise showed significantly increased ejection fraction, fractional shortening, mitral annular plane systolic excursion and mitral systolic velocity values, associated with the systolic ventricular functions, and decreased tissue Doppler mitral and tricuspid early diastolic velocities, related with the early diastolic ventricular functions, compared with before diet and exercise (p<0.05). Moreover, the body mass index, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels significantly decreased after diet and exercise (p<0.05).

The systolic and early diastolic cardiac functions are impaired and the biochemical parameters are distorted starting from the childhood because of the obesity. Regular diet and exercise provide significant improvement. Cardiac evaluation should be routinely performed in all obese children and they should be encouraged for a regular diet and exercise for better cardiovascular health.

Keywords

Cardiac functionschildrendietexerciseobesity
Type
Original Article
Information
Cardiology in the Young , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , February 2019 , pp. 200 - 205
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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Footnotes

Cite this article: Karaağaç AT, Yıldırım Aİ (2019). How do diet and exercise programmes affect the cardiovascular risk profiles of obese children? Cardiology in the Young page 200 of 205. doi: 10.1017/S1047951118002093

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