Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-11T16:31:55.004Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pentachlorophenol Sorption by Organo-Clays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2024

Stephen A. Boyd ,
Sun Shaobai ,
Jiunn-Fwu Lee  and
Max M. Mortland
Stephen A. Boyd
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
Sun Shaobai
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
Jiunn-Fwu Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
Max M. Mortland*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
*
2Corresponding author.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Several clay organic complexes were prepared by placing organic cations on the exchange sites of smectite clays and studied as sorbents for pentachlorophenol (PCP). The organic cations used ranged from very hydrophobic in nature (e.g., dioctadecyldimethyl+ (DODMA+)- and hexadecyltrimethyl+ (HDTMA+)-ammonium) to those having minimal hydrophobic properties, such as tetramethylammonium+ (TMA+). In general, the more hydrophobic the cation on the smectite the greater the uptake of PCP from water. For the very hydrophobic clays (DODMA+- and HDTMA+-smectite) the uptake of PCP was via non-polar interactions between the alkyl (e.g., -C18) groups on the organic cation and PCP. In a mechanistic sense, this interaction appeared to be similar to a partitioning process between water and the organic phase of the clay-organic complex. The organic phases of DODMA+-smectite were about 10 times more effective than the organic matter of natural sediments for removing PCP from water. For those organo-clays containing small organic cations (e.g., TMA+), the organic phase consisted of separate small organic moieties, such as the methyl group. This phase did not act as an effective partitioning medium despite a significant carbon content, and very little PCP was taken up. Results from this study suggest the possibility of treating soils and subsurface materials with large hydrophobic organic cations to enhance the sorptive properties of these natural materials.

Keywords

AdsorptionHydrophobicityOrgano-clayPentachlorophenolSmectiteToxic wastes
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , April 1988 , pp. 125 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © 1988, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Contribution of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, East Lansing, Michigan; Journal article 12384.

References

Boyd, S. A. and Mortland, M. M., 1985 Manipulating the activities of immobilized enzymes with different organicsmectite complexes Experientia 41 1564 – 1566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, S. A. and Mortland, M. M., 1986 Selective effects of smectite-organic complexes on the activities of immobilized enzymes J. Mol. Catalysis 34 1 – 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiou, C. T., Peters, L. J. and Freed, V.H., 1979 Aphysical concept of soil-water equilibria for nonionic organic compounds Science 213 684 – 685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiou, C. T., Porter, P. E. and Schmedding, D. W., 1983 Partition equilibria of non-ionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water Environ. Sci. Technol. 17 227 – 231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garwood, G. A., Mortland, M. M. and Pinnavaia, T. J., 1983 Immobilization of glucose oxidase on montmorillonite clay: Hydrophobic and ionic modes of binding J. Mol. Catalysis 22 153 – 163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregg, S. J. and Sing, K. S. W., 1982 Adsorption, Surface Area, and Porosity New York Academic Press.Google Scholar
McBride, M. B., Mortland, M. M., Pinnavaia, T. J. and SufFet, H., 1977 Adsorption of aromatic molecules by clays in aqueous suspension Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water Environments, Part 1, Vol. 8 New York Wiley 145 – 154.Google Scholar
Mortland, M. M., 1970 Clay-organic complexes and interactions Adv. Agron. 22 75 – 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortland, M. M., Huang, P. M. and Schnitzer, M., 1986 Mechanisms of adsorption of non-humic organic species by clays Interaction of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes Wisconsin Soil Science Soc. America, Madison 59 – 76.Google Scholar
Mortland, M. M., Shaobai, S. and Boyd, S. A., 1986 Clayorganic complexes as adsorbents for phenol and chlorophenols Clays & Clay Minerals 34 581 – 585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pashley, R. M., McGuiggan, P. M., Ninham, B. W. and Evans, D. F., 1985 Attractive forces between uncharged hydrophobic surfaces. Direct measurements in aqueous solution Science 229 1088 – 1089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schellenberg, K., Leuenberger, C. and Schwarzenbach, R. P., 1984 Sorption of chlorinated phenols by natural sediments and aquifer materials Environ. Sci. Technol. 18 652 – 657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, D. H. and Hawthorne, D. G., 1983 Chemistry of Pigments and Fillers New York Wiley.Google Scholar
Theng, B. K. G., 1974 The Chemistry of Clay-Organic Reactions New York Wiley.Google Scholar
U.S.E.P.A., 1980 Carbon adsorption isotherms for toxic organics U.S. Env. Prot. Agency 268 – 269.Google Scholar
Wolf, T. A., Demirel, T. and Bauman, R. E., 1986 Adsorption of organic pollutants on montmorillonite treated with amines J. Water Pollution Control Fed. 58 68 – 76.Google Scholar