Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-08T09:58:14.556Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cultural Nationalists, Internationalists, and “Intra-nationalists'': Who's Right and Whose Right?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

Joe Watkins
Joe Watkins
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico. Email: jwatkins@unm.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper examines some of the complex issues that relate to the management of “heritage,” primarily as such issues relate to Indigenous populations and communities. Numerous authors such as Aplin,Aplin, Heritage Identification, Conservation, and Management. Barkan and Bush,Barkan and Bush, Claiming the Stones. Brown,Brown, Who Owns Native Culture? and GreenfieldGreenfield, Return of Cultural Treasures. recognize the social, political, and symbolic aspects of heritage and discuss such issues in detail. This paper, therefore, does not approach the broader issues of heritage, but instead focuses on the intricacies of relationships between the various populations that attempt to exert control over particular aspects of heritage. While many authors recognize the role of cultural nationalists and cultural internationalists in the debate over heritage issues, I argue that Indigenous populations and other enclaves within nations— cultural “intranationalists”—comprise a new and growing voice in the debate.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Cultural Property , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , February 2005 , pp. 78 - 94
Copyright
© 2005 International Cultural Property Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ames, Michael. Cannibal Tours and Glass Boxes: The Anthropology of Museums. 2nd edition. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000.
Aplin, Graeme. Heritage Identification, Conservation, and Management. Melbourne: Oxford Press, 2002.
Barkan, Elazar. “Amending Historical Injustices: the Restitution of Cultural Property, An Overview.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 16–46. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2002.
Barkan, Elazar, and Ronald Bush, eds. Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2002.
Bray, Tamara. “Repatriation, Power Relations and the Politics of the Past.” Antiquity 70 (268): 440–444, 1996.Google Scholar
Brown, Michael. Who Owns Native Culture? Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 2003.
Bryson, Bill. In a Sunburned Country. New York: Broadway Books, 2001.
Cable News Network, “Photos Document Destruction of Afghan Buddhas,” On-line version at http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/central/03/12/afghan.buddha.02/, last accessed 4 October 2004.
Coggins, Clemency. “Latin America, Native America, and the Politics of Culture.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 97–115. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2003.
Commonwealth of Australia, Flags Act, 1953. On-line version at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fa195361/, last accessed 4 October 2004.
Commonwealth of Australia, Flags Act, Department of Environment, and Heritage, Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park web site at http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/uluru/wheritage.html, last accessed 4 October 2004.
Daes, Erica-Irene. Discrimination Against Indigenous Peoples: Protection of the Heritage of Indigenous People. United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1995. On-line version at http://www.halcyon.com/pub/FWDP/International/95-12808.txt, last accessed 4 October 2004.
Dyck Noel, ed. “Indigenous Peoples and the Nation-State: ‘Fourth World’ Politics in Canada, Australia, and Norway.” Social and Economic Papers 14, Memorial University of Newfoundland: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1992.Google Scholar
Federal Court of Australia, Harold Joseph Thomas v. David George Brown & James Morrison Vallely Tennant [1997] 215 FCA (9 April 1997). On-line version at http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/federal_ct/1997/215.html, last accessed 4 October 2004.
Gerstenblith, Patty. “Cultural Significance and the Kennewick Skeleton: Some Theories on the Resolution of Cultural Heritage Disputes.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 162–197. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2002.
Greenfield, Jeanette. The Return of Cultural Treasures, 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Gulliford, Andrew. Sacred Objects and Sacred Places: Preserving Tribal Traditions. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2000.
Handler, Richard. “Who Owns the Past? History, Cultural Property, and the Logic of Possessive Individualism.” In The Politics of Culture, edited by Brett Williams, 63–74. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991.
Hanson, Jeffrey R., and Sally Chirinos. Ethnographic Overview and Assessment of Devils Tower National Monument, Wyoming, NPS D-36. Denver: National Park Service, 1997.
Harding, Sarah. “Value, Obligation and Cultural Heritage.” Arizona State Law Journal 31(2): 291–354, 1999.Google Scholar
Hutt, Sherry, and C. Timothy McKeown. “Control of Cultural Property as Human Rights Law.” Arizona State Law Journal 31(2): 363–389, 1999.Google Scholar
ILO. Convention (No. 169) Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, 1990. Electronic document, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/62.htm, accessed October 20, 2004.
Little, Charles. Sacred Lands of Indian America. NM: Liveoak Press, 2001.
Lyons, Claire. “Objects and Identities: Claiming and Reclaiming the Past.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 116–137. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2002.
Meyer, Karl E. The Plundered Past. New York: Athenium Press, 1973.
Owsley, Douglas, and Richard Jantz. “Kennewick Man—A Kin? Too Distant.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 141–161. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2002.
Owsley, Douglas. “Archaeological Politics and Public Interest in Paleoamerican Studies: Lessons from Gordon Creek Woman and Kennewick Man.” American Antiquity 66(4): 565–575, 2001.Google Scholar
Pardoe, Colin. “Arches of Radii, Corridors of Power: Reflections on Current Archaeological Practice.” In Power, Knowledge and Aborigines, edited by Bain Attwood and John Arnold, 132–141. Bundoora, Victoria: La Trobe University Press, 1992.
Pokotylo, David, and Gregory Bass. “Interpreting Cultural Resources: Hatzic Site.” In Presenting Archaeology to the Public: Digging for Truths, edited by John Jameson and Jr., 156–165. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press, 1997.
Posey, Darrell Addison. “Selling Grandma: Commodification of the Sacred through Intellectual Property Rights.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 201–223. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2002.
Southwest Airlines, press release dated Sept 18, 2000. On-line version at http://www.southwest.com/about_swa/press/prindex.html, last accessed 04 October 2004.
Timothy, Dallen J., and Stephen W. Boyd. Heritage Tourism. London: Pearson Education Limited/Prentice Hall, 2003.
Travel North. Outback Australia: Australia's Northern Territory. Travel Brochure, 01 April 2004 to 31 March 2005. 2004.
Tsosie, Rebecca. “Privileging Claims to the Past: Ancient Human Remains and Contemporary Cultural Values,” Arizona State Law Journal 31(2): 583–677, 1999.Google Scholar
UNESCO, Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972. On-line version at http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=182, last accessed 4 October 2004.
United States Government, “The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act,” 43 Code of Federal Regulations Part 10, 1990.
Warren, Karen J. “A Philosophical Perspective on the Ethics and Resolution of Cultural Properties Issues.” In The Ethics of Collecting Cultural Property: Whose Culture? Whose Property? edited by Phyllis Messenger, 1–25. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1989.
Webb, Timothy. “Appropriating the Stones: The ‘Elgin Marbles’ and English National Taste.” In Claiming the Stones, Naming the Bones: Cultural Property and the Negotiation of National and Ethnic Identity, edited by Elazar Barkan and Ronald Bush, 51–96. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2003.
Welsh, Peter. “Repatriation and Cultural Preservation: Potent Objects, Potent Pasts.” University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform 25(3&4): 837–865, 1992.Google Scholar
Whitt, Laurie Anne. “Cultural Imperialism and the Marketing of Native America.” In Contemporary Native American Cultural Issues, edited by Duane Champagne, 169–192. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press, 1999.