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Three-dimensional backflow at liquid–gas interface induced by surfactant

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 July 2020

Hongyuan Li Open the ORCID record for Hongyuan Li [Opens in a new window] ,
Zexiang Li ,
Xiangkui Tan ,
Xiangyu Wang ,
Shenglin Huang Open the ORCID record for Shenglin Huang [Opens in a new window] ,
Yaolei Xiang ,
Pengyu Lv  and
Huiling Duan Open the ORCID record for Huiling Duan [Opens in a new window]
Hongyuan Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Zexiang Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Xiangkui Tan
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Xiangyu Wang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Shenglin Huang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Yaolei Xiang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Pengyu Lv*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
Huiling Duan*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China CAPT, HEDPS and IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center of MoE, Peking University, Beijing100871, PR China
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: lvpy@pku.edu.cn, hlduan@pku.edu.cn
†Email addresses for correspondence: lvpy@pku.edu.cn, hlduan@pku.edu.cn
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Abstract

A liquid–gas interface (LGI) on submerged microstructure surfaces has the potential to achieve large slip velocities, which is significant for underwater applications such as drag reduction. However, surfactants adsorbing on the LGI can cause surface tension gradient against the mainstream, which weakens the flow near the LGI and severely limits drag reduction. The mechanism of the effect of surfactants on two-dimensional flows has already been proposed, while the effect of surfactants on the three-dimensional flow near the LGI is still not clear. In our study, we specifically design an experimental system to directly observe a three-dimensional backflow at the LGI. The formation as well as the behaviour of the backflow are demonstrated to be significantly influenced by the surfactant. Combining experimental measurements, theoretical analyses and numerical simulations, we reveal the underlying mechanism of the backflow, which is a competition between the mainstream and the Marangoni flows generated by the interfacial concentration gradients of surfactant simultaneously in streamwise and spanwise directions, reflecting the three-dimensional feature of the backflow. In addition, a kinematic similarity is obtained to characterize the backflow. The current work provides a model system for investigating the three-dimensional backflow at the LGI with surfactants, which is significant for practical applications such as drag reduction and superhydrophobicity.

JFM classification

Convection: Marangoni convection Interfacial Flows (free surface): Capillary flows Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microfluidics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 899 , 25 September 2020 , A8
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Li et al. supplementary movie 1

The flow field above the liquid-gas interface in the plane of z=45 μm by μPIV.
Download Li et al. supplementary movie 1(Video)
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Li et al. supplementary movie 2

The flow field above the liquid-gas interface in the plane of z=30 μm by μPIV

Download Li et al. supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 1 MB