Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-31T01:50:15.366Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: primitive-grade calyces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Thomas W. Kammer  and
William I. Ausich
Thomas W. Kammer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506
William I. Ausich
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Species of the late Osagean and early Meramecian advanced cladid crinoid genera (suborder Poteriocrinina) Armenocrinus, Bollandocrinus, Corythocrinus, Cosmetocrinus, Culmicrinus, Cydrocrinus, Histocrinus, Hypselocrinus, Lebetocrinus, Ophiurocrinus, Poteriocrinites, Scytalocrinus, Springericrinus, and Ulrichicrinus from Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri are redescribed and redefined from study of type material. Nomenclatural and systematic acts include the following: 1) Poteriocrinus tenuidactylus Worthen, 1882, is a senior synonym of Scaphiocrinus obscurus Wachsmuth and Springer, 1886, and is assigned to Armenocrinus; 2) P. verus Miller and Gurley, 1890, is assigned to Culmicrinus; 3) P. mammaeformis Worthen in Miller, 1889, is questionably assigned to Culmicrinus; 4) Cydrocrinus coxanus (Worthen, 1882) is a junior synonym of C. concinnus (Meek and Worthen, 1870); 5) Decadocrinus stellatus Lane and Howell, 1986, is questionably assigned to Histocrinus; 6) P. crawfordsvillensis Miller and Gurley, 1890, is a junior synonym of Hypselocrinus hoveyi (Worthen in Worthen and Meek, 1875); 7) Hypselocrinus boonvillensis (Miller, 1891) and H. neglectus (Miller and Gurley, 1896) are junior synonyms of H. arcanus (Miller and Gurley, 1890); 8) Hypselocrinus vansanti n. sp. is described; 9) Hypselocrinus indianensis (Meek and Worthen, 1865) is a nomem dubium; 10) Poteriocrinus arachnaeformis Worthen, 1882, is a valid species of Poteriocrinites; 11) P. cantonensis Miller and Gurley, 1890, is assigned to Scytalocrinus; 12) Ulrichicrinus coryphaeus (Miller, 1891), P. amoenus Miller, 1891, and P. brittsi Miller, 1891, are junior synonyms of U. agnatus (Miller, 1891); and 13) P. illinoisensis Worthen, 1882, is questionably assigned to Ulrichicrinus.

Bollandocrinus? sp. from the Keokuk Limestone might represent the first report of the genus from North America, being previously known only from the lower Carboniferous of Great Britain. Ophiurocrinus sp. from the Keokuk Limestone is the first report of this genus from the Osagean, being previously known only from the Chesterian of North America and the upper Carboniferous of Europe.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , May 1992 , pp. 461 - 480
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I. 1978. Community organization, paleontology, and sedimentology of the Lower Mississippian Borden delta platform (Edwardsville Formation, southern Indiana). Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, 430 p.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I. 1983. Component concept for the study of paleocommunities with an example from the Early Carboniferous of southern Indiana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 44:251–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ausich, W. I. 1988. Evolutionary convergence and parallelism in crinoid calyx design. Journal of Paleontology, 62:906–916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W. 1990. Systematics and phylogeny of the late Osagean and Meramecian crinoids Platycrinites and Eucladocrinus from the Mississippian stratotype region. Journal of Paleontology, 64:759–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1980. Platform communities and rocks of the Borden siltstone delta (Mississippian) along the south shore of Monroe Reservoir, Monroe County, Indiana, p. 36–67. In Shaver, R. H. (ed.), Field Trips 1980 from the Indiana University Campus, Bloomington. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1982a. Crinoids from the Edwardsville Formation (Lower Mississippian) of southern Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 56:1343–1361.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1982b. Evolution of arm structure in the Early Mississippian crinoid Cydrocrinus, p. 139–143. In Lawrence, J. M. (ed.), Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G. 1985. Crinoid assemblages and geographic endemism in the Lower Mississippian (Carboniferous) of the United States Continental Interior, p. 216–224. In Dutro, J. T. Jr., and Pferfferkorn, H. W. (eds.), Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Compte Rendu, Volume 5, Paleontology/Paleoecology/Paleogeography.Google Scholar
Austin, T., and Austin, T. Jr. 1842. XVII. Proposed arrangement of the Echinodermata, particularly as regards the Crinoidea, and a subdivision of the class Adelostella (Echinidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 10(63):106–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W. 1943. Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms. Geological Society of America Special Paper 45, 734 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beede, J. W. 1906. Fauna of the Salem Limestone of Indiana, Echinodermata. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources for 1905, 1906, 30th Annual Report:1243–1270.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1860. Contributions to the palaeontology of Iowa: being descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils. Iowa Geological Survey, 1(2) supplement, 94 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1861a. Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils, from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi Valley. Iowa Geological Survey Report of Investigations, Preliminary Notice. Albany, New York, 19 p.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1861b. Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi valley. Boston Society of Natural History Journal, 7:261–328.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1872. Photographic plates and explanations of plates. Albany, New York. [Plates are labeled as “New York State Museum of Natural History Bulletin 1” but A. S. Horowitz suggested that these were probably published privately by Hall.]Google Scholar
Jaekel, O. 1918. Phylogenie und System der Pelmatozoen. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 3(1):1–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammer, T. W. 1984. Crinoids from the New Providence Shale Member of the Borden Formation (Mississippian) in Kentucky and Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 58:115–130.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W. 1985. Aerosol filtration theory applied to Mississippian deltaic crinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 59:551–560.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., and Ausich, W. I. 1987. Aerosol suspension feeding and current velocities: distributional controls for late Osagean crinoids. Paleobiology, 13:379–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammer, T. W., Brenckle, P. L., Carter, J. L., and Ausich, W. I. 1990. Redefinition of the Osagean–Meramecian boundary in the Mississippian stratotype region. Palaios, 5:414–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keyes, C. R. 1894. Paleontology of Missouri, Part 1. Missouri Geological Survey, 4:143–225.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1937. Eupachycrinus and related Carboniferous crinoid genera. Journal of Paleontology, 11:598–607.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1940a. Seven new genera of Carboniferous Crinoidea Inadunata. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 30:321–334.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1940b. Lebetocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the upper Borden of Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 14:74–77.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1941. Four new genera of Mississippian Crinoidea Inadunata. Journal of Paleontology, 15:82–88.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1942. Sarocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Lower Mississippian. Journal of Paleontology, 16:382–386.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1946. Corythocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Lower Mississippian. Journal of Paleontology, 20:269–274.Google Scholar
Kirk, E. 1947. Three new genera of inadunate crinoids from the Lower Mississippian. American Journal of Science, 245:287–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1963. Two new Mississippian camerate (Batocrinidae) crinoid genera. Journal of Paleontology, 37:691–702.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1972. Synecology of Middle Mississippian (Carboniferous) crinoid communities in Indiana. 24th International Geological Congress, Comptes Rendues Section, 7:89–94.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G. 1973. Paleontology and paleoecology of the Crawfordsville fossil site (upper Osagian: Indiana). University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 99:1–147.Google Scholar
Lane, N. G., and Howell, R. M. 1986. Unusual crinoids from the Ramp Creek Formation (Mississippian), Indian Creek, Montgomery County, Indiana. Journal of Paleontology 60:898–903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyon, S. S., and Casseday, S. A. 1859. Description of nine new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana and Kentucky. American Journal of Science and Arts 79, 2nd series, 28:233–246.Google Scholar
Lyon, S. S., and Casseday, S. A. 1860. Description of nine new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana and Kentucky. American Journal of Science and Arts 79, 2nd series, 29:68–79.Google Scholar
McIntosh, G. C. 1979. Abnormal specimens of the middle Devonian crinoid Bactrocrinites and their effect on the taxonomy of the genus. Journal of Paleontology, 53:18–28.Google Scholar
McIntosh, G. C. 1986. Phylogeny of the dicyclic inadunate crinoid order Cladida. Fourth North American Paleontological Convention Abstracts:A31.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1860. Description of new species of Crinoidea and Echinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois, and other western states. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Proceedings, Series 2, 4:379–397.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1861. Descriptions of new Paleozoic fossils from Illinois and Iowa. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Proceedings, Series 1, 13:128–146.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1865. Descriptions of new Crinoidea, etc., from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois and some of the adjoining states. Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Proceedings for 1865:155–166.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1866. Descriptions of invertebrates from the Carboniferous system. Illinois Geological Survey, 2:143–411.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1868. Paleontology: Lower Silurian species; Upper Silurian species; Devonian species; Carboniferous species. Illinois Geological Survey, 3:291–565.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1870. Description of new species and genera of fossils from the Paleozoic rocks of the western states. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1870:22–56.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1873. Descriptions of invertebrates from Carboniferous system. Illinois Geological Survey, 5:321–619.Google Scholar
Meyer, H. von. 1858. Crinoiden aus dem Posidonomyen-Schiefer Deutschlands. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, 1858:59–62.Google Scholar
Miller, J. S. 1821. A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-Shaped Animals, with Observation on the genera Asteria, Euryale, Comatula, and Marsupites. Bryan and Company; Bristol, England, 150 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1889. North American Geology and Paleontology. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, Ohio, 664 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1891a. Paleontology. Advance Sheets from the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual Report 17, 103 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1891b. A description of some Lower Carboniferous crinoids from Missouri. Missouri Geological Survey Bulletin, 4, 40 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1892. Paleontology. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources Annual Report, 17:611–705.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1897. Second appendix to North American Geology and Palaeontology. Privately published by author, Cincinnati, Ohio, p. 719–793.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1890a. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Privately published by the authors, 59 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1890b. Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History Annual Report, 16:327–373.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1896. New species of crinoids from Illinois and other states. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 9, 66 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. 1962. Ray structures of some inadunate crinoids. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, Article 5, 47 p.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., Lane, N. G., and Strimple, H. L. 1978. Suborder Dendrocrinina, p. T606–T630. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1943. Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids. Geological Society of America Special Paper 46, 167 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1944. Class Crinoidea, p. 137–209. In Shimer, H. W. and Shrock, R. R. (eds.), Index Fossils of North America. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., Strimple, H. L., and Lane, N. G. 1978. Suborder Poteriocrinina, p. T630–T756. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. 1836. Illustration of the geology of Yorkshire, or a description of the strata and organic remains, Pt. 2, The Mountain limestone districts. John Murray, London, 253 p.Google Scholar
Springer, F. 1900. On the presence of pores in the ventral sac in fistulate crinoids. American Geologist, 26:133–151.Google Scholar
Springer, F. 1911. Some new American fossil crinoids. Harvard College, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Memoir 25:117–161.Google Scholar
Springer, F. 1926. Unusual forms of fossil crinoids. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 67(9):1–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strimple, H. L. 1967. Aphelecrinidae, a new family of inadunate crinoids. Oklahoma Geology Notes, 27:81–85.Google Scholar
Strimple, H. L., and Horowitz, A. S. 1971. A new Mississippian ampelocrinid, Pt. 5, p. 23–27. In Fossil Crinoid Studies. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56.Google Scholar
Strimple, H. L., and Watkins, W. T. 1969. Carboniferous crinoids of Texas with stratigraphic implications. Palaeontographica Americana, 6(40):141–275.Google Scholar
Trautschold, H. 1867. Einige Crinoiden und andere Tierreste des jüngeren Bergkalks im Gouvernement Moskau. Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Bulletin, Vol. 40, Pt. 2, no. 3, 49 p.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1978. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, p. T58–T216. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C., eds., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. T, Echinodermata 2(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Van Sant, J. F. 1964. Crawfordsville crinoids, p. 34–136. In Van Sant, J. F. and Lane, N. G., Crawfordsville crinoid studies. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, Article 7.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F. 1880. Revision of the Palaeocrinidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1879, p. 226–378.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F. 1886. Revision of the Palaeocrinidae, Pt. 3. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1885:223–364.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1973. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1942–1968. Geological Society of America Memoir 137, 341 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1977. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1969–1973. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 8, 235 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1986. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1974–1980. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 16, 405 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1988. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids 1981–1985. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 18, 236 p.Google Scholar
Weller, S. 1898. A bibliographic index of Carboniferous invertebrates. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 153, 653 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, R. C. 1979. Hunting Iowa's crinoids. Earth Science, 32(4):149–151.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H. 1882. Descriptions of fifty-four new species of crinoids from the Lower Carboniferous limestones and Coal measures of Illinois and Iowa. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 1 (Article 1):3–38.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H. 1883. Description of fossil invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 7:269–322.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H. 1890. Description of fossil invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 8:69–154.Google Scholar
Worthen, A. H., and Meek, F. B. 1875. Descriptions of invertebrates. Illinois Geological Survey, 6:489–532.Google Scholar
Wright, J. 1951. A monograph of the British Carboniferous Crinoidea. Palaeontographical Society, Monograph 1, Part 2:25–46.Google Scholar