Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-31T03:20:30.569Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bryozoan fauna from the Lower Devonian (middle Lochkovian) of Sierra de Guadarrama, Spain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Andrej Ernst  and
Andreas May
Andrej Ernst
Affiliation:
Institut für Geowissenschaften der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, D-24118 Kiel, Germany,
Andreas May
Affiliation:
C/Cañada 69, 5 B, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A bryozoan fauna containing 11 species is described from the Lower Devonian (middle Lochkovian) of Arroyo del Agua, Sierra de Guadarrama, Guadalajara, Spain. One genus containing one species is new: rhabdomesine cryptostome Fehlerpora insolita n. gen. n. sp. Six additional new species are described: three cystoporates: Cystiramus gracilis n. sp., Fistuliramus guadarramaensis n. sp., and Fistuliphragma tenuis n. sp.; and three trepostomes: Eridotrypella hispanica n. sp., Boardmanella dubia n. sp., and Leptotrypella inesae n. sp. Four further trepostome species were identified: Leioclema incompositum Duncan, 1939, Minussina spinosoformis Astrova, 1964b, Leptotrypella verisimilis Astrova, 1970, and Leptotrypella vulgata Astrova, 1964b. The association is distributed over three different sedimentary environments. The high-energy one representing accumulation of debris from bryozoan-coral-pelmatozoan thickets contains eight species dominated by erect branched forms (six species). Tabulate corals are present, especially branches which most likely belong to Subcladopora? abnormis (Mironova, 1974). The environment with moderate to low wave influence contains only two bryozoan species, one erect branched and one encrusting. The third setting represents bryozoan thickets in situ situated in deeper water, the most tranquil environment characterized by four bryozoan species, dominated by three erect forms. Fenestrate bryozoans are absent from the two higher energy environments, whereas the bryozoan thickets in deeper water contain rare unidentified fragments of fenestrates. The bryozoan fauna shows distinct relations to the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of Ukraine, one species is known from the Middle Devonian of U.S.A.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 86 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 60 - 80
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al'chovik, T. S. and Ivanovskii˘, A. B. 1988. Korally i biostratigrafiya nizhnego devona severo-vostochnoi˘ Jakutii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 237:1–128.Google Scholar
Anstey, R. L. and Perry, T. G. 1970. Biometric procedures in taxonomic studies of Paleozoic bryozoans. Journal of Paleontology, 44:383–398.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1960. Silurii˘ skie fistuliporidy iz severnykh rai˘ onov RSFSR (Silurian fistuliporids from the northern regions of the RSFSR). Trudy Akademii Nauk SSSR, Komi Filial Syktyvkarskogo Instituta Geologii, 1:352–376.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1964a. Novyi˘ otryad paleozoiskikh mshanok (New order of the Paleozoic Bryozoa). Paleontologicheskii˘ Zhurnal, 1:22–31.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1964b. Mshanki borschovskogo i chortkovskogo gorizontov Podolii (Bryozoa of the Borschov and Chortkov horizons of Podolia). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 98:1–52.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1965. Morfologia, istoriya razvitiya i sistema ordovikskikh i silurii˘skikh mshanok (Morphology, history of development and system of the Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 106:1–432.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1970. Novye silurii˘skie i rannedevonskie mshanki tcistoporata i trepostomata Estonii i Podolii (New Silurian and Early Devonian bryozoans of Orders Cystoporata and Trepostomata from Estonia and Podolia),. p. 7–22. InAstrova, G. G. and Chudinova, I. I.(eds.). Novye vidy paleozoi˘ skikh mshanok i korallov (New species of bryozoans and corals). Nauka, Moscow.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1972. Some Devonian Bryozoa from western Canada. Proceedings of the Geological Association of Canada, 24:75–86.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. 1978. Istoriya razvitiya, sistema i filogeniya mshanok: Otryad Trepostomata (The history of development, system, and phylogeny of the Bryozoa: Order Trepostomata). Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 169:1–240.Google Scholar
Astrova, G. G. and Morozova, I. P. 1956. O sistematike mshanok otryada Cryptostomata (On systematics of the bryozoans of the order Cryptostomata). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 110:661–664.Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S. 1929. The Permian Bryozoa of Timor. Paläontologie von Timor, 16:37–90.Google Scholar
Bassler, R. S. 1934. Notes on fossil and Recent Bryozoa. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 24:404–408.Google Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1972a. Presence de Ptilopora aff. bohemica (bryozoaire cyclostome) dans le devonién du sud-est du Massif Armoricain. Bulletin de la Société d'Etudes Scientifiques d'Anjou, 8:15–22.Google Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1972b. Presence de Ptilopora aff. bohemica (bryozoaire cyclostome) dans le devonién du sud-est du Massif Armoricain. Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 14:315–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1980a. Les bryozoaires. InLes schistes et calcaires de l'Armorique (Dévonien inférieur, Massif Armoricain. Sedimentologie-Paléontologie-Stratigraphie. Mémoires de la Société géologique et minéralogique de Bretagne, 23:181–193.Google Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1980b. Bryozoaires et environnement récifal dans le Dévonien français. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 25:645–654.Google Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1981. Les bryozoaires. InMorzadec, P., Paris, F., and Rachebœuf, P.(eds.). La Tranchée de la Lézais, Emsien supérieur du Massif Armoricain. Sedimentologie-Paléontologie-Stratigraphie. Mémoires de la Société géologique et minéralogique de Bretagne, 24:109–139.Google Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1983. Devonian, a transitional period for bryozoans. Terra Cognita, 3:210.Google Scholar
Bigey, F. P. 1985. Biogeography of Devonian Bryozoa,. p. 9–23. InNielsen, C. and Larwood, G. P.(eds.). Bryozoa: Ordovician to Recent. Fredensborg.Google Scholar
Blake, D. B. 1983. Introduction to the Suborder Rhabdomesina,. p. 530–549. InBoardman, R. S.et al. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part G (revised), Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Borg, F. 1926. Studies on Recent cyclostomatous Bryozoa. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 10:181–507.Google Scholar
Bultynck, P. 1971. Le Silurien Supérieur et le Dévonien Inférieur de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Espagne Centrale); Deuxième partie: Assemblages de Conodontes à Spathognathodus. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 47:1–43.Google Scholar
Bultynck, P. 1976. Le Silurien supérieur et le Devonien inférieur de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Espagne centrale). Troisième partie: éléments icriodiformes, pelekysgnathiformes et polygnathiformes. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 49:1–74.Google Scholar
Bultynck, P. 1979. Excursion in the Devonian of the Sierra de Guadarrama between Cercadillo and La Riba de Santiuste,. p. 32–34. InGarcía-Alcalde, J. L.et al. (eds.), Meeting of the International Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy, Spain 1979, Guidebook of the field trip. Oviedo (Servicio de Publicaciones Universidad Oviedo).Google Scholar
Bultynck, P. and Soers, E. 1971. Le Silurien Supérieur et le Devonien Inférieur de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Espagne Centrale); première partie, stratigraphie et tectonique. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 47:1–22.Google Scholar
Carls, P. 1969a. Zur Einstufung des Devon der östlichen Guadarrama (Spanien). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 50:67–79.Google Scholar
Carls, P. 1969b. Die Conodonten des tieferen Unter-Devons der Guadarrama (Mittel-Spanien) und die Stellung des Grenzbereiches Lochkovium/Pragium nach der rheinischen Gliederung. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 50:303–355.Google Scholar
Carls, P. 1975. Zusätzliche Conodonten-Funde aus dem tieferen Unter-Devon Keltiberiens (Spanien). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 56:399–428.Google Scholar
Carls, P. 1987. Ein Vorschlag zur biostratigraphischen Redefinition der Grenze Gedinnium/Siegenium und benachbarter Unter-Stufen. Stratigraphische Argumente und Korrelationen. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 99:77–121.Google Scholar
Carls, P. and Gandl, J. 1969. Stratigraphie und Conodonten des Unter-Devons der Östlichen Iberischen Ketten (NE-Spanien). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 132:155–218.Google Scholar
Carls, P. and Valenzuela-Ríos, J. I. 1999. Similitudes y diferencias estratigráficas entre el Pridoliense-Praguiense celtibérico y armoricano. Revista Española de Paleontología, 14:279–292.Google Scholar
Carls, P., Meyn, H., and Vespermann, J. 1993. Lebensraum, Entstehung und Nachfahren von Howellella (Iberohowellella) hollmanni n. g., n. sp. (Spiriferacea; Lochkovium, Unter-Devon). Senckenbergiana lethaea, 73:227–267.Google Scholar
Cuffey, R. J. and McKinney, F. K. 1979. Devonian Bryozoa. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 23:307–311.Google Scholar
Dojen, C. 2005. Early Devonian ostracods of Celtiberia (NE Spain): taxonomy, palaeoecology, biostratigraphy, and biogeography. Dissertation, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gemeins. Natw. Fak.: FB 2: Physik, Geowissenschaften, Braunschweig, i–xix + 256 p., 7 tabs., 18 pls (http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97774082X).Google Scholar
Dunaeva, N. N. and Morozova, I. P. 1967. Osobennosti razvitiya i sistemaitechskoe polozhenie nekotorykh verkhnepaleozoi˘skikh trepostomat (Peculiarities of development and systematical position of some upper Paleozoic Trepostomata). Paleontologicheskii˘ Zhurnal, 4:86–94.Google Scholar
Duncan, H. 1939. Trepostomatous Bryozoa from the Traverse Group of Michigan. University of Michigan Paleontology Contributions, 5:171–270.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, C. G. 1831. Symbolae Physicae, seu Icones et descptiones Corporum Naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum, quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Aegiptum, Nubiam, Dongalaam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam, studia annis 1820–1825, redirent. Pars Zoologica, 4, Animalia Evertebrata exclusis Insectis. Berolini, 10 pls.Google Scholar
Ernst, A. 2008. Trepostome and cryptostome bryozoans from the Kone˘ěprusy Limestone (Lower Devonian, Pragian) of Zlatý Kůň (Czech Republic). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 114:329–348.Google Scholar
Ernst, A. 2009. Petaloporella (Cryptostomata, Bryozoa) from the Lower Devonian of central Bohemia. Bulletin of Geosciences, 84:769–772.Google Scholar
Ernst, A. 2010. Trepostome bryozoans from the Lower-Middle Devonian of NW Spain. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 116:283–308.Google Scholar
Ernst, A. and May, A. 2009. Bryozoan fauna from the Kone˘ěprusy Limestone (Pragian, Lower Devonian) of Zlatý Kůň near Kone˘prusy (Czech Republic). Journal of Paleontology, 83:767–782.Google Scholar
Ernst, A. and Königshof, P. 2010. Bryozoan fauna and microfacies from a Middle Devonian reef complex (Western Sahara, Morocco). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 568:1–91.Google Scholar
Ernst, A., Dorsch, T., and Keller, M. 2011. A bryozoan fauna from the Santa Lucía Formation (Lower–Middle Devonian) of Abelgas, Cantabrian Mountains, NW-Spain. Facies, 57:301–329.Google Scholar
García-Alcalde, J. L. 1999. Nuevo género de braquiópodos rinconélidos del Praguiense (Devónico Inferior) de la región cántabro-celtibérica (España). Revista Española de Paleontología, 14:247–255.Google Scholar
García-Alcalde, J. L. and Truyols-Massoni, M. 1993. Correlation of Devonian chronostratigraphical boundaries in Spain. Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy Newsletter, 10:22–29.Google Scholar
García-Alcalde, J. L., Truyols-Massoni, M., Pardo-Alonso, M. V., Bultynck, P., and Carls, P. 2000. Devonian chronostratigraphy of Spain. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 225:131–144.Google Scholar
García-Alcalde, J. L., Carls, P., Pardo Alonso, M. V., Sanz López, J., Soto, F., Truyols-Massoni, M., and Valenzuela-Ríos, J. 2002. Devonian,. p. 67–91. InGibbons, W. and Moreno, T.(eds.). The Geology of Spain. Geological Society, London.Google Scholar
Girty, G. H. 1911. New genera and species of Carboniferous fossils from the Fayettville Shale of Arkansas. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 20:189–238.Google Scholar
Goryunova, R. V. and Weis, O. B. 2003. Novye devonskie mshanki Mongolii (New Devonian Bryozoa of Mongolia). Paleontologicheskii˘ Zhurnal, 3:49–52.Google Scholar
Hageman, S. J. 1993. Effects of nonnormality on studies of the morphological variation of a rhabdomesine Bryozoan, Streblotrypa (Streblascopora) prisca (Gabb and Horn). The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, 4:1–13.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1858. Report on the Geological Survey of Iowa, embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855, 1856, 1857. Geological Survey of Iowa, 1, Pt. 2, Paleontology, 1–724.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1886. Bryozoa of the Upper Helderberg group; plates and explanations. State Geologist of New York, 5th Annual Report for 1885, 25–53.Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. S. and Pachut, J. F. 1993. Specific, generic, and familial diversity of Devonian bryozoans. Journal of Paleontology, 67:42–52.Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. S., Pachut, J. F., and Anstey, R. L. 1996. Devonian bryozoan diversity, extinctions and originations. Journal of Paleontology, 70:373–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, Z. 1980. Some trepostomatous bryozoa from early Middle Devonian of Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 19:289–295.Google Scholar
Instituto geológico y minero de España, 1982. Mapa geológico de España, E, 1:50.000, Barahona (Segunda serie-Primera edición), Madrid. 1–57geological map, 3 figs.Google Scholar
Kopajevich, G. V. 1984. Atlas mshanok ordovika, silura i devona Mongolii (Atlas of bryozoans from Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian of Mongolia). Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologischeskaya Ëkspeditsiya, Trudy, 22:1–164.Google Scholar
Lotze, F. 1929. Stratigraphie und Tektonik des Keltiberischen Grundgebirges (Spanien). Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, mathematisch-physikalische Klasse, n. F., 14:1–320.Google Scholar
May, A. 1993. Thamnopora und verwandte ästige tabulate Korallen aus dem Emsium bis Unter-Eifelium von Asturien (Devon; Nord-Spanien). Geologica et Palaeontologica, 27:73–101.Google Scholar
M'Coy, F. 1849. On some new genera and species of Paleozoic Corals and Foraminifera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3:119–136.Google Scholar
McKinney, F. K. and Kříž, J. 1986. Lower Devonian Fenestrata (Bryozoa) of the Prague Basin, Barrandian Area, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Fieldiana, Geology new series, 15:1–90.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1889. North American Geology and Paleontology. Western Methodist Book concern, Cincinnati. 664 p.Google Scholar
Mironova, N. V. 1974. Rannedevonskie tabuliaty Gornogo Altaja i Salaira. (Early Devonian Tabulata from the Gorny Altai Mountains and Salair.). Trudy Sibirskogo Naučnoissledovatel'skogo Instituta Geologii, Geofiziki i mineral'nogo Syr'ia (SNIIGGIMS), N. S., 163:1–164.Google Scholar
Morozova, I. P. 1959. New genus of Family Fistuliporidae in Devonian in Kuznetz Basin. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 2:79–81.Google Scholar
Morozova, I. P. 1960. Bryozoa. InSarycheva, T. G.(ed.). Osnovy paleontologii. 7. Bryozoa and Brachiopoda. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, 7:1–112.Google Scholar
Morozova, I. P. 1961. Devonian Bryozoa of the Minusinsk and Kuznetsk depressions. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 86:1–206.Google Scholar
Murphy, M. A. and Valenzuela-Ríos, J. I. 1999. Lanea new genus, lineage of Early Devonian conodonts. Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 37:321–334.Google Scholar
Nekhoroshev, V. P. 1977. Devonian bryozoans from Kazakhstan. Trudy VSEGEI, 186:1–192.Google Scholar
Nicholson, H. A. 1874. Descriptions of new fossils from the Devonian Formation of Canada West. Geological Magazine, 1:51–96.Google Scholar
Nicholson, H. A. 1879. On the structure and affinities of the “Tabulate Corals” of the Paleozoic period, with critical descriptions of illustrative species. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh. 342 p.Google Scholar
Oliver, W. A. 1966. Description of dimorphism in Striatopora flexuosa Hall. Palaeontology, 9:448–454.Google Scholar
Orlovskij, M. B. 1961. New Famennian species of Bryozoa from Tchatkal-Narynskaya zone of Tjan-Shan. Paleontological Journal, 2:64–67.Google Scholar
Pushkin, V. I. 1976. Novye vidy ordovikskikh i silurii˘ skikh mshanok Brestskoi˘ vpadiny (New species of Ordovician and Silurian bryozoans of the Brest Depression),. p. 3–40. InAkimetz, V. S.et al. (eds.), New species of the fossil animals and plants of Belarus. Minsk, Nauka and Tekhnika.Google Scholar
Pushkin, V. I., Nekhorosheva, L. V., Kopajevich, G. V., and Yaroshikskaya, A. M. 1990. Przidolskie mshanki SSSR (Přidolian bryozoans of U.S.S.R.). Nauka, Moscow. 125 p.Google Scholar
Rominger, C. 1866. Observations on Chaetetes and some related genera, in regard to their systematic position; with an appended description of some new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 18:113–123.Google Scholar
Šarkova, T. T. 1981. Silurii˘skie i devonskie tabulyaty Mongolii. Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ëkspeditsiya, Trudy, 14:1–104.Google Scholar
Soers, E. 1972. Stratigraphie et géologie structurale de la partie orientale de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Espagne Centrale). Stvdia Geologica Salamanticensia, 4:7–94.Google Scholar
Sommer, W. 1965. Stratigraphie und Tektonik im östl. Guadarrama-Gebirge (Spanien). Arbeiten aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Westf. Wilhelms-Universität zu Münster, 1:1–159.Google Scholar
Suárez Andrés, J. L. 1998. Briozoos fenestrados de la Formación Moniello (Devónico) en el área de Arnao (Asturias, España); I, Fenestellidae. Revista Española de Paleontología, 13:187–196.Google Scholar
Suaréz Andrés, J. L. 1999a. Briozoos fenestrados de la Formación Moniello (Devónico) en Arnao (Asturias, España). II: Septoporidae, Polyporidae y Acanthocladiidae. Revista Española de Paleontología, No Extraordinario, Homenaje al Prof. J. Truyols, 185–193.Google Scholar
Suaréz Andrés, J. L. 1999b. Nuevos datos sobre los briozoos devónicos de la Zona Cantábrica. Temas Geológico-Mineros ITGE, 6:643–646.Google Scholar
Suaréz Andrés, J. L. 1999c. Parasitismo en briozoos del Devónico de la Zona Cantábrica. Temas Geológico-Mineros ITGE, 6:647–650.Google Scholar
Suárez Andrés, J. L. and González, C. 2000b. Fenestrapora Hall, 1885 (Bryozoa) del Devónico de la Zona Cantábrica,. p. 293–294. InDíez, J. B. and Balbino, A. C.(eds.). Actas i Congresso Ibérico de Paleontología-XVI Jornadas Sociedad Española de Paleontologia-VIII International Meeting of IGCP 421. Universidade de Évora.Google Scholar
Suárez Andrés, J. L. and González, C. 2000a. Consideraciones paleobiogeográficas sobre los briozoos del Devónico de la Zona Cantábrica (Asturias, NW de España),. p. 291–292. InDíez, J. B. and Balbino, A. C.(eds.). Actas I Congresso Ibérico de Paleontologia-XVI Jornadas Sociedad Española de Paleontología-VIII International Meeting of IGCP 421. Universidade de Évora.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1882. American Paleozoic Bryozoa. The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 5:121–175, 233–257.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1883. American Paleozoic Bryozoa. The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 6:245–279.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1890. Paleozoic Bryozoa: III. Report of the Geological Survey of Illinois, 8:283–688.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. and Bassler, R. S. 1904. A revision of the Paleozoic Bryozoa. Part II: On genera and species of Trepostomata. U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 173:15–55.Google Scholar
Valenzuela-Ríos, J. I. 2006a. Annotations to the Devonian Correlation Table, R350–353 di-ds 06, Spain. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 86:103–104.Google Scholar
Valenzuela-Ríos, J. I. 2006b. Spain Celtiberia E Guadarrama. InWeddige, K.(ed.). Devonian Correlation Table. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 86:122, column R351di06.Google Scholar
Vinassa, P. 1921. Sulla classificazione dei trepostomidi. Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali Atti, 59:212–231.Google Scholar
Vine, G. R. 1884. Fourth report of the Committee consisting of Dr. H. R. Sorby and Mr. G. R. Vine, appointed for the purpose of reporting on fossil Polyzoa,. p. 161–209. In Reports of the 53rd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement in Sciences.Google Scholar
Volkova, K. N. 1974. Devonskie mshanki yugo-vostochnogo Altaya (Devonian Bryozoa from the south-east Altai). Trudy instituta geologii i geofiziki, sibirskoe otdelenie, 199:1–182.Google Scholar
Weddige, K. 1996. Unterdevon, di (devonium inferius); Stufen. InWeddige, K.(ed.). Devon-Korrelationstabelle. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 76:274, column A010di96.Google Scholar
Yang, J. and Hu, Z. 1965. Bryozoa of the Tungkangling formation of Xiangzhou, Kwangsi. Memoirs of the Institute of Paleontology, Nanking, 4:1–50.Google Scholar