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First Report of Sphenothallus Hall (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the Mesozoic Erathem (Upper Triassic, Slovenia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2023

Heyo Van Iten Open the ORCID record for Heyo Van Iten [Opens in a new window] ,
Rok Gašparič ,
Tomaž Hitij ,
Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek  and
Bogdan Jurkovšek
Heyo Van Iten*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana 47243, USA Department of Invertebrate Paleontology, Cincinnati Museum Center, 1301 Western Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45203, USA
Rok Gašparič
Affiliation:
Oertijmuseum, Bosscheweg 80, 5293 WB Boxtel, the Netherlands Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution, Novi trg 59, 1241 Kamnik, Slovenia
Tomaž Hitij
Affiliation:
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution, Novi trg 59, 1241 Kamnik, Slovenia
Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek
Affiliation:
Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Bogdan Jurkovšek
Affiliation:
Kamnica 27, 1262 Dol pri Ljubljani, Slovenia
*
*Corresponding Author.
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Extract

Sphenothallus Hall, 1847, one of the most widely distributed and longest ranging genera in the fossil record, has been documented from all systems of the Paleozoic Erathem except the Permian (Table 1), although it has been stated (e.g., Choi, 1990; Bolton, 1994; Fatka et al., 2012) that the genus also occurs in that system. At present the first appearance of this epibenthic, polypoid medusozoan cnidarian lies in Cambrian Stage 3, while the previously known youngest occurrences are in the Pennsylvanian System. Sphenothallus has been found in numerous formations on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. It occurs in a variety of marine facies ranging from shallow nearshore to deep offshore and has even been found in strata of coastal lacustrine origin, probably as an allochthonous element (Lerner and Lucas, 2011). Many of the rock units known to contain Sphenothallus also contain conulariids (Table 1), an extinct group of marine scyphozoans that may have been closely related to Sphenothallus (Van Iten et al., 1992, 1996). Van Iten et al. (1992) interpreted Sphenothallus as a medusozoan cnidarian of uncertain class-level affinities, but later Dzik et al. (2017) documented internal peridermal structures that may be homologous to similar features in the periderm of coronate scyphozoans (see for example illustrations in Van Iten, 1992, and Van Iten et al., 1996).

Type
Taxonomic Note
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 97 , Issue 3 , May 2023 , pp. 764 - 772
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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