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Community Identity and Shared Practice at Actuncan, Belize

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2019

Kara A. Fulton Open the ORCID record for Kara A. Fulton [Opens in a new window]
Kara A. Fulton*
Affiliation:
University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305009, Denton, TX 76203, USA
*
(kara.fulton@unt.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Shared identities create deep historical ties to community spaces and can facilitate or constrict political expansion. This research examines the relationship between the ways in which families engaged local landscapes and developed shared identities at Actuncan, Belize, during the Terminal Classic period, a time when the city experienced population growth as surrounding centers declined. The nature and location of activity patterns in and around three residential groups allow inferences about shared practices and the expression of identities that those activities enabled and constrained. Importantly, this research includes investigations of both residential groups and architecturally free areas. It uses multiple methods to explore activities and to produce overlapping datasets, including excavation and analysis of macroartifacts, microartifacts, and soil chemical residues. The results suggest that Actuncan residents used not only the formal patio spaces of residential groups but also the interstitial spaces between them. Moreover, one residential group, Group 1, appears to have been a locus for distinct activities including sequential burials and, possibly, affiliative ritual practices connected to ancestral landscape use. Understanding relationships among residents is an important foundation for exploring broader political dynamics, including relationships between residents and rulers and how rulers created, legitimized, and maintained power and authority.

Las identidades compartidas crean profundos lazos históricos en los espacios de uso común, pudiendo facilitar o restringir la expansión política. Esta investigación examina la relación entre el desarrollo de identidades compartidas en Actuncán, Belice y la manera en que las familias residentes confrontaban el medio ambiente local durante el periodo Clásico terminal (ca. 800 dC - 900 dC), momento en el cual dicha ciudad experimentó un crecimiento poblacional mientras otros centros cercanos declinaban. Se consideran la naturaleza y la localización de patrones de actividad en y alrededor de tres grupos residenciales, para inferir las prácticas compartidas y la expresión de las identidades que estas actividades fomentaban o limitaban. Este estudio contempla tanto los grupos residenciales como las áreas libres de arquitectura. Se emplean múltiples métodos para explorar dichas actividades y generar conjuntos de datos superpuestos, incluyendo la excavación y el análisis de macro-artefactos, micro-artefactos y residuos químicos de suelo. Los resultados sugieren que los residentes de Actuncán no sólo utilizaban los espacios formales del patio, sino también los espacios intercalados entre ellos. Además, se sugiere que uno de los grupos residenciales, el Grupo 1, habría servido como foco de distintas actividades tales como el enterramiento y, posiblemente, otras prácticas rituales relacionadas al uso del paisaje ancestral. Comprender las relaciones entre las unidades residenciales es fundamental para explorar políticas dinámicas más amplias, incluyendo las relaciones entre los residentes y sus gobernantes y la manera en que los últimos creaban, legitimaban y mantenían su poder y autoridad.

Keywords

Maya archaeologyTerminal Classicidentitysoil chemical residue analysismicroartifact analysisArqueología MayaClásico terminalidentidadanálisis de residuos químicos de sueloanálisis de micro-artefactos
Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2019 , pp. 266 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Society for American Archaeology 

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