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Negotiating Identities: Understanding Highland–Coastal Interaction in the Early Intermediate Period in the Chaupiyunga of the Moche Valley, Peru
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 May 2022
Abstract
Understanding the complex relationships among social identities, long-distance exchange, and migration has long been an important issue in archaeology. In the central Andes, archaeologists have grappled with these issues to understand highland–coastal interaction. We present a case study of these relationships in the coca-growing zone of the Moche Valley (chaupiyunga zone, 200–1,200 m asl) during the Early Intermediate period (400 BC–AD 600). We focus on reconstructing the social identities of the people who lived at Cerro León, a large hill town situated astride an important access route into the chaupiyunga from the highlands. Unlike most sites in the chaupiyunga, the site is dominated by highland-style pottery. Petrographic analysis indicates that the sources of the highland-style pottery were in the adjacent highlands. Our analysis of daily domestic activities, vernacular architecture, personal adornment, and ritual practices, including burial practices, indicates that most of the residents of Cerro León were immigrants from the highlands. We argue that these immigrants produced and reproduced a distinctive highland (Culle) identity throughout the occupation of the site, which lasted 100 to 200 years. Evidence demonstrates that site residents had extensive exchange relationships with coastal Yunga communities in the lower and middle Moche Valley.
La comprensión de las relaciones complejas entre identidades sociales, intercambio a larga distancia y migraciones ha sido temas importantes en los estudios arqueológicos. En los Andes, los arqueólogos han concentrado la discusión sobre estos temas para entender las relaciones costa-sierra. Presentamos un estudio de la relación costa-sierra en la zona de producción de coca del valle de Moche (chaupiyunga, 200–1200 msnm), durante el Periodo Intermedio Temprano (PIT) (400 aC–600 dC). Nos centramos en la reconstrucción de las identidades sociales de la población de Cerro León, un gran asentamiento localizado al costado de una importante ruta de acceso entre la chaupiyunga y la sierra. A diferencia de la mayoría de sitios en la chaupiyunga, Cerro León está dominado por un estilo de cerámica de procedencia serrana. La análisis de las actividades domésticas cotidianas, la arquitectura vernácula, ornamentos personales y prácticas funerarias, ponen de manifiesto que la mayoría de los residentes de Cerro León fueron inmigrantes de las serranías. Se propone que estos inmigrantes produjeron y reprodujeron una identidad serrana distintiva (Culle), que duró entre 100 y 200 años. Las evidencias demuestran que sus residentes tuvieron una extensiva relación de intercambio con comunidades de la yunga costeña de la parte baja y media del valle de Moche.
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