Parts of the State of North Carolina, with adjoining areas in South Carolina and Georgia, have long been known to mineralogists and geologists as among the most interesting of corundum localities; and the researches of the late Dr. Genth, Col. Joseph Willcox, Mr. J. Volney Lewis and many other authors have done much to make clear the mode of occurrence and associations of corundum in this area and in the great eorundiferous belt stretching along the line of the Appalachian crystalline area from Alabama in the south to Maine in the north.

The ruby crystals from the Cowee Valley, Macon County, North Carolina, show a very wide variation in their development. Although many of the crystals are so striated that no crystallographic measurements were possible on the reflecting goniometer, the faces were readily identified by means of the contact goniometer. On some of the crystals the faces were bright and smooth, making them well adapted for measurement on the reflecting goniometer. The following references are to Plate.

This mineral, which until now has been regarded as a hydrated arsenate of iron, was mentioned as far back as 1790 by Proust and also by other mineralogists about the same time. In 1801 Chenevix (Phil. Trans. 1801, 220) gave an analysis of an arsenate of iron, but it differs very much in composition from pharmacosiderite in that it contained 9 per cent. of copper. Probably it was not a pure specimen of this mineral. Vauquelin also published an analysis of an iron arsenate which was probably pharmacosiderite (Brongniart, Traité de Min., 1807, II. 182), since he describes it as crystallising in cubes.

In the eleventh volume of the Mineralogical Magazine, p. 817, in connection with the occurrence of blödite at the Mayo mines, in the Salt Range, allusion is incidentally made to a potassio-masnesian deposit, which was discovered there by Dr. H. Warth in 1878. It occurred as a lenticular stratum in the ' kallar' (impure rock salt) hand separating the Sujewal and Purwála salt beds. The material was more or less mixed up with the ' kallar' itself, and the deposit appeared to be of very limited extent.

In the month of September, 1869, Captain Musters, who was st that time making an expedition through Patagonia, had his attention called to a heavy mass of material which he took to be marble. In the account of his journey he afterwards wrote (from memory) as follows:—

"There is in this place, which is called by the Indians Amakaken, a large spherical boulder of marble, which it is the custom of the Indians to try their strength by lifting. Casimiro informed me that this stone had oeen there for many years, and the custom was very old. It was so large and heavy that I was just able to grasp it with both arms and raise it to the level of my knees, but some of the Indians managed to lift it to their shoulders."

In a previous paper, published in 1887, the author described some remarkable crystals of graphitic carbon (Cliftonite) obtained from the meteoric iron of Youndegin, Western Australia; the isolated material weighed only 3 milligrams, and had been left as an insoluble residue after the treatment of 8.32 grams of the iron with aqua regia.

The object of goniometrical measurement is to determine in the simplest and quickest manner possible the geometrical constants of crystals and the indices of their faces. The ideal instrument should enable the observations to he conveniently and quickly made, and present them in such a form that the indices of the faces may be easily calculated. It is claimed for the tbrm of goniometer described in this paper that it does approximate to such an instrument. Before entering into the description it will not be out of place to discuss briefly the two types at present in existence, and point out their advantages and disadvantages.

Few minerals have had a more varied career than the cubic sulpharsenite of copper--the binnite of Des Cloizeaux--which as small brilliant crystals is of rare occurrence in the white saccharoidal dolomite of the Binnenthal in Switzerland.