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Overcoming a stigmatic past: National Central University students in Nanjing, China, and the politics of wartime history
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 March 2024
Abstract
The Japanese empire’s occupation of China during the Second World War left a complex and bitter legacy in postwar Chinese society. This article examines the occupation and its legacies at the grassroots, taking university students in Nanjing as a case study in occupation history and ‘bottom-up’ wartime commemoration. These young people, who studied at National Central University (NCU) under the Japanese-backed Reorganized National Government of Wang Jingwei, organized three protest movements between 1940 and 1945, defying puppet authorities, Japanese forces, and, after the war, the returning Chongqing Nationalist government, as they campaigned against corruption, opium sales, and discriminatory treatment over their status as ‘bogus students’ who supposedly received Japanese ‘enslavement education’ from a collaborationist regime. In the 1980s, after decades of marginalization under the People’s Republic of China, these former protestors began holding reunions, documenting their experiences, and campaigning for recognition from Nanjing University, which eventually recognized them as alumni. Drawing primarily on privately printed alumni memoirs and commemorative volumes, this article positions the protests in the history of youth activism in Nanjing. That NCU students were able to rehabilitate themselves was due to their own organizational prowess and a sympathetic reception from the leadership of a cash-strapped Nanjing University, though the interests of fellow alumnus Jiang Zemin and the Communist Party-state still set the parameters of historical memory. In this, the example of the Nanjing students complicates the top-down role of the state, as described in much previous scholarship on Chinese wartime commemoration, in producing politically motivated nationalist narratives of wartime history.
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References
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78 Pan Tian, ‘Jiamo yongyuan huo zao women de xin zhong’ [Jiamo lives forever in our hearts], in Wang Jiamo jinianji [Wang Jiamo memorial essays], (eds) Wang Jiamo jinianji bianjizu (Beijing: Nanjing zhongyang daxue (1940–1945) xiaoyou hui, 1997) p. 7.
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81 See Chen Xiuliang, ‘Lishi zhengming ta shi yige hao dangyuan’ [History proves he was a good Party member] and Fu Jijia, ‘Wo jing wo fu, wo ai wo fu’ [I respect my husband, I love my husband], in Kangri zhanzheng shiqi Nanjing zhongyang daxue shiji [Chronicle of Nanjing National Central University during the War of Resistance against Japan], (eds) Nanjing zhongyang daxue (1940–1945) xiaoyou hui (Nanjing: unknown, 2002), pp. 19 and 149 respectively.
82 Ibid., p. 47.
83 Wang (ed.), Nanjing daxue bainian shi, p. 248.
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