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A Late Bronze Age Landscape at South Hornchurch, Essex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

E.B.A. Guttmann ,
J. Last ,
R. Gale ,
E. Harrison ,
T. McDonald ,
R.I. Macphail ,
R. Scaife  and
T. Waldron
E.B.A. Guttmann
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Science, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA
J. Last
Affiliation:
Hertfordshire Archaeological Trust, The Seed Warehouse, Maidenhead Yard, The Wash, Hertford SG14 1PX
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Abstract

A 2.5 ha open area excavation at South Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) has revealed an extensive Late Bronze Age settlement on the Thames terrace gravels. The site is particularly significant because of the association of a circular ditched enclosure or ringwork with a contemporary field system, as well as clusters of enclosed and unenclosed circular structures. Two enclosures were formed by rings of pits or large post-holes. Placed pottery deposits and unurned cremation burials were found, mostly associated with structures and entranceways. Other finds include both plain and decorated Post Deverel-Rinibury pottery, burnt flint, spindle whorls, possible loomweights, perforated clay slabs, and a bivalve clay sword mould. The entire site was subsequently sealed by a buried colluvial ploughsoil which almost certainly represents the final phase of Late Bronze Age activity. The site's spatial structure, environmental context, and regional significance are discussed.

Résumé

Des fouilles sur une aire découverte de 2,5 ha à South Hornchurch, Essex (District Londonien d'Havering) ont révélé une occupation extensive de l'âge du bronze tardif sur les terrasses de gravier au bord de la Tamise. Ce site est particulièrement significatif parce qu'on y trouve associés un enclos circulaire à fossé ou anneaux et un système de champs contemporain, ainsi que des groupes de structures circulaires closes et non-closes. Deux enclos étaient constitués par des cercles de fosses ou de gros trous de poteaux. On a trouvé des dépôts de poterie arrangée et des sépultures à crémation sans urne, surtout associés à des structures ou des voies d'accès. Parmi les autres trouvailles, on compte à la fois de la poterie grossière et décorée post Deverel-Rimbury, des silex calcinés, des volants de fuseaux, peut-être des poids de métiers à tisser, des plaques d'argile perforées et un moule à épée bivalve en argile. Par la suite, le site entier fut scellé par l'enfouissement de sols labourés, ce qui représente presque certainement la phase finale de l'activité de cette fin de l'âge du bronze. On examine la sructure spatiale, le contexte environnemental et la signification régionale du site.

Zusammenfassung

Eine 2,5 ha große Freiland Ausgrabung im südlichen Hornchurch, Essex (London Borough of Havering) hat eine ausgedehnte spätbronzezeitliche Siedlung auf Terrassenkies der Themse nterrasse erbracht. Die Fundstelle ist besonders wichtig wegen ihrer Verbindung mit einer kreisförmigen Grabenanlage oder Ringanlage und einem gleichzeitigen Feldsystem zusammen mit Häufungen eingeschlossener und frei liegender kreisförmigen Strukturen. Zwei Grabenanlagen wurden durch Ringe von Gruben oder großen Pfostenlöchern gebildet. Es wurden Gefäßniederlegungen und Brandschüttungsgräber gefunden, die meistens mit Strukturen und Eingangsbereichen verbunden waren. Zu anderen Funden gehören sowohl unverzierte als auch verzierte Post-Deverel-Rimbury Keramik, verbrannter Feuerstein, Spinnwirtel, mögliche Webgewichte, durchbohrte Tonplatten und eine zweiklappige Schwert Gießform. Die gesamte Fundstelle wurde später mit einem kolluvialen Pflugerde versiegelt, die sehr wahrscheinlich die letzte Phase spätbronzezeitlicher Aktivitäten darstellt. Die räumliche Struktur der Fundstelle, ihr umweltbezogener Kontext und ihre regionale Bedeutung werden ebenfalls diskutiert.

Resúmen

Una excavación aberta de 2.5 ha en South Hornchurch, Essex (Distrito de Havering, Londres) ha revelado un extenso asentamiento de la tarda Edad del Bronce en las terrazas de gravilla del Támesis. El sito es particularmente significativo por la asociación entre un foso de perímetro circular o zanja anular y la evidencia de la división de campos del mismo periodo, y también por la presencia de grupos de estructuras circulares cerradas o no. Dos recintos estaban formadas por anillos de pozos o grandes hoyos para postes. Se encontraron depósitos intencionales de cerámica y enterramientos por cremación sin urnas, la mayoría asociados con estructuras y entradas. Otros hallazgos incluyen cerámica del tipo Post Deverel-Rimbury tanto decorada como no, silex quemado, posibles pesos de telar, tablillas perforadas de cerámica y un molde bivalvo de cerámica para una espada. Todo el sito había sido sellado por un terreno arado coaluvial enterrado que debe representar ciertamente la fase final de actividad de la Edad del Bronce. Se discuten la estructura espacial del yacimiento, su contexto medio-ambiental y su significado regional.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 66 , 2000 , pp. 319 - 359
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2000

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