Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x24gv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-10T12:54:10.141Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Reforming Institutional Review Board Policy: Issues in Implementation and Field Research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 June 2008

Dvora Yanow
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit
Peregrine Schwartz-Shea
Affiliation:
University of Utah

Extract

Political science as a discipline has largely ignored research regulatory policies associated with institutional review boards (IRBs). Many political scientists—especially those in the senior ranks—are either oblivious to the existence of IRBs or actively decide to sidestep them by not submitting their proposals for review. Based on research conducted since 2004, we hold that APSA members at all ranks of the profession, along with political scientists worldwide, need to be concerned, not to say alarmed, about IRB policy. Why this sense of urgency, and why now?

Type
Symposium—Protecting Human Research Participants, IRBs, and Political Science Redux
Copyright
Copyright © The American Political Science Association 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE). 1995. “Final Report.” Office of Human Radiation Experiments, Department of Energy. http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/report.html (April 2, 2008).Google Scholar
American Anthropological Association. 2002. El Dorado Task Force Papers. Vol. I. Submitted to the Executive Board as a final report, May 18.Google Scholar
American Anthropological Association. 2005. Referendum #3: To Rescind the AAA's Acceptance of the Report of the El Dorado Task Force. http://www.aaanet.org/stmts/05ref_eldorado.htm (August 7, 2007).Google Scholar
Baumrind, Diana. 1964. “Some Thoughts on Ethics of Research: After Reading Milgram's ‘Behavioral Study of Obedience.’American Psychologist 19: 421–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayard de Volo, Lorraine. 2003. “Service and Surveillance: Infrapolitics at Work among Casino Cocktail Waitresses.” Social Politics 10 (3): 346–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boulton, Mary, and Parker, Michael, eds. 2007. “Informed Consent in a Changing Environment.” Special issue. Social Science & Medicine 65 (December): 2,187–408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Donald T., and Stanley, Julian C.. 1966. Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Carpenter, Dale. 2007. “Institutional Review Boards, Regulatory Incentives, and Some Modest Proposals for Reform.” Northwestern University Law Review 101: 687706.Google Scholar
Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative [CITI]. 2008. “Human Research Curriculum: Social/Behavioral Research Investigators and Key Personnel.” http://www.citiprogram.org/ (March 31, 2008).Google Scholar
Declaration of Geneva. 1948. “General Assembly of the World Medical Association.” http://www.wma.net/e/policy/c8.htm (April 4, 2007).Google Scholar
Declaration of Helsinki. 1964. “World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.” General Assembly of the World Medical Association. http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/helsinki.html#top (April 30, 2008).Google Scholar
Dodson, Debra L. 2006. The Impact of Women in Congress. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dreifus, Claudia. 2007. “Finding Hope in Knowing the Universal Capacity for Evil: A Conversation with Philip G. Zimbardo.” The New York Times, April 3. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/science/03conv.html?ex=1180497600&en=6c9d1fc62f559a49&ei=5070 (May 27, 2007).Google Scholar
Feeley, Malcolm F. 2006. “Legality, Social Research, and the Challenge of Institutional Review Boards.” Presidential address. Law & Society Association, Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Freeman, Melissa, deMarrais, Kathleen, Preissle, Judith, Roulston, Kathryn, and St. Pierre, Elizabeth A.. 2007. “Standards of Evidence in Qualitative Research: An Incitement to Discourse.” Educational Researcher 35 (1): 2532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galliher, John F., Brekhus, Wayne, and Keys, David P.. 2004. Laud Humphreys: Prophet of Homosexuality and Sociology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Goodman, Amy. 2007. “Understanding How Good People Turn Evil: Renowned Psychologist Philip Zimbardo on His Landmark Stanford Prison Experiment, Abu Ghraib and More.” Interview transcript. Democracy Now! March 30. http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=07/03/30/1335257 (August 11, 2007).Google Scholar
Gregor, Thomas A., and Gross, Daniel R.. 2004. “Guilt by Association: The Culture of Accusation and the American Anthropological Association's Investigation of Darkness in El Dorado.” American Anthropologist 106: 687–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunsalus, C.K., Bruner, Edward M., Burbules, Nicholas C., Dash, Leon, Finkin, Matthew, Goldberg, Joseph P., Greenough, William T., Miller, Gregory A., Pratt, Michael G., Iriye, Masumi, and Aronson, Deb. 2007. “The Illinois White Paper: Improving the System for Protecting Human Subjects: Counteracting IRB ‘Mission Creep.’Qualitative Inquiry 13: 617–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hans, Valerie P., and Vidmar, Neil. 1991. “The American Jury at Twenty-five Years.” Review of The American Jury by Harry Klaven, Jr., and Hans Zeisel. Law & Society Inquiry 16: 323–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Health, and Human Services. 1981. “Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects (45 CFR 46): Subpart A (Common Rule).” Office for Human Research Protections.Google Scholar
Hedfors, Eva. 2008. “Medical Science in the Light of the Holocaust: Departing from a Post-war Paper by Ludwik Fleck.” Social Studies of Science 38 (2): 259–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hicks, Lorna. 2007. “Defining Research with Human Subjects.” Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) Group 2 Module, 111.Google Scholar
Hollister, John. 2004. “Beyond the Interaction Membrane: Laud Humphreys' Tearoom Tradeoff.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 24 (3/4/5): 7394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hornblum, Allen M. 1998. Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison: A True Story of Abuse and Exploitation in the Name of Medical Science. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Howard, Jennifer. 2006. “Oral History under Review.” Chronicle of Higher Education, November 10. http://chronicle.com/free/v53/i12/12a01401.htm (November 15, 2006).Google Scholar
Humphreys, Laud. 1970. Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Johnson, Tara Star. 2008. “Qualitative Research in Question: A Narrative of Disciplinary Power with/in the IRB.” Qualitative Inquiry 14 (March): 212–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, James H. 1981. Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Ka-Tzetnik 135633 [De-Nur, Yehiel]. 1955. House of Dolls. Trans. Kohn, Moshe M.. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Katz, Jack. 2004. “Subterranean Fieldworkers' Blues: Scratching toward a Common Law of Social Research Ethics.” Presented to the Center for the Study of Law and Society, Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, February 17.Google Scholar
Kelman, Herbert C. 1967. “Human Use of Human Subjects: The Problem of Deception in Social Psychological Experiments.” Psychological Bulletin 67: 111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, Gary, Keohane, Robert, and Verba, Sidney. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lederman, Rena. 2006. “The Perils of Working at Home: IRB ‘Mission Creep’ as Context and Content for an Ethnography of Disciplinary Knowledges.” American Ethnologist 33 (4): 482–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lenza, Michael. 2004. “Controversies Surrounding Laud Humphreys' Tearoom Trade: An Unsettling Example of Politics and Power in Methodological Critiques.” International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 24 (3–5): 2031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lifton, Robert Jay. 1986. The Nazi Doctors. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Lipsky, Michael. 1978. “Standing the Study of Public Policy Implementation on its Head.” In American Politics and Public Policy, ed. Burnham, Walter Dean and Weinberg, Martha Wagner. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 391402.Google Scholar
McCool, Daniel C. 2002. Native Waters: Contemporary Indian Water Settlements and the Second Treaty Era. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
McLemee, Scott. 2007. “Wide-Stance Sociology.” Insider Higher Ed, September 12. http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2007/09/12/mclemee (October 12, 2007).Google Scholar
Milgram, Stanley. 1964. “A Reply to Baumrind.” American Psychologist 19: 848–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrill, Calvin. 1995. The Executive Way: Conflict Management in Corporations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
National Bioethics Advisory Commission [NBAC]. 2001. Report and Recommendations: Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants. Vol. 1. Bethesda, MD.Google Scholar
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical, and Behavioral Research. 1979. The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/belmont.html (August 15, 2007).Google Scholar
Nuremberg Code. 1947. Appendix 1, Directives for Human Experimentation. http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg.html#top (April 4, 2007).Google Scholar
Office for Human Research Protections. 2003. Evolving Concern: Protection for Human Subjects. VHS videotape. Prepared by the National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration, with the cooperation of the National Library of Medicine. Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services.Google Scholar
Pachirat, Timothy. 2007. “The Political in Political Ethnography: Reflections from an Industrialized Slaughterhouse on Perspective, Power, and Sight. In Political Ethnography: What Immersion Contributes to the Study of Power, ed. Schatz, Edward. Ms. under review.Google Scholar
Peckman, Steven. 2001. “Local Institutional Review Boards.” In Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants. Vol. 2. Commissioned Papers and Staff Analysis. Bethesda, MD: National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Appendix K.Google Scholar
Penslar, Robin Levin, and Porter, Joan P.. 1993. IRB Guidebook. 2nd ed. Office of Human Resource Protection, United States Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/irb/irb_guidebook.htm (March 16, 2008).Google Scholar
Prindeville, Diane-Michele. 2004. “Feminist Nations? A Study of Native American Women in Southwestern Tribal Politics.” Political Research Quarterly 57 (1): 101–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, Theresa. 2001. Review of Acres of Skin: Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison, by Allan M. Hornblum. Canadian Journal of History 36: 184–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Les, Lafta, Riyadh, Garfield, Richard, Khudhairi, Jamal, and Burnham, Gilbert. 2004. “Mortality Before and After 2003 Invasion of Iraq: Cluster Sample Survey.” The Lancet 364: 1,857–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohde, David. 2007. “Army Enlists Anthropology in War Zones.” New York Times, October 5, 1.Google Scholar
Ruprecht, Clifford Holt. 1997. “Are Verdicts, Too, Like Sausages? Lifting the Cloak of Jury Secrecy.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 146 (1): 217–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salemink, Oscar. 2003. “Social Science Intervention: Moral Versus Political Economy and the Vietnam War.” In A Moral Critique of Development: In Search of Global Responsibilities, ed. van Ufford, Philip Quarles and Giri, Ananta Kumar. London: Routledge, 159–78.Google Scholar
Sass, Hans-Martin. 1983. “Reichsrundschreibern 1931: Pre-Nuremberg German Regulations Concerning New Therapy and Human Experimentation.” Journal of Medical Philosophy 8 (2): 99111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schafft, Gretchen E. 2004. From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine, and Yanow, Dvora. 2006. “U.S. Federal Policy and Local Institutional Review Board Implementation: Implications for Ethnographic and Other Field Research.” Presented at the Seminar in Organizational Ethnography, Department of Culture, Organization, & Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Shea, Christopher. 2000. “Don't Talk to the Humans: The Crackdown on Social Science Research.” Lingua Franca 10 (6): 2634.Google Scholar
Shehata, Samer. 2003. “In the Basha's House: The Organizational Culture of Egyptian Public-Sector Enterprise.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 35: 103–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shweder, Richard A. 2004. “Tuskegee Re-examined.” Spiked-essays, January 8. http://www.spiked-online.com/Articles/0000000CA34A.htm (March 15, 2008).Google Scholar
Shweder, Richard A. 2006. “Protecting Human Subjects and Preserving Academic Freedom: Prospects at the University of Chicago.” American Ethnologist 33: 507–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sieber, Joan. N.d. “Laud Humphreys, and the Tearoom Sex Study.” http://web.missouri.edu/~philwb/Laud.html (November 20, 2006).Google Scholar
Soss, Joe. 2000. Unwanted Claims: The Politics of Participation in the U.S. Welfare System. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VSNU [Vereniging van Universiteiten; Association of Universities in the Netherlands]. 2005. Gedragscode voor gebruik van persoonsgegevens in wetenschappelijk onderzoek [Code of behavior for the use of personal data in scientific research]. Version 7.0. http://www.vsnu.nl/web/show/id=69804/langid=43/ (April 10, 2008).Google Scholar
Walsh, Katherine Cramer. 2004. Talking about Politics: Informal Groups and Social Identity in American Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Warren, Dorian. 2005. “A New Labor Movement for a New Century? The Incorporation of Marginalized Workers in U.S. Unions.” Unpublished dissertation, Yale University.Google Scholar
Weindling, Paul. 2001. “The Origins of Informed Consent: The International Scientific Commission on Medical War Crimes, and the Nuremberg Code.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 75 (1): 3771. http://www.geocities.com/travbailey/Paul_Weindling_The_Origins_of_Informed_Consent_Nuremberg_Code.htm (November 1, 2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yanow, Dvora. 1996. How Does a Policy Mean? Interpreting Policy and Organizational Actions. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Yanow, Dvora, and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine, eds. 2006. Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe.Google Scholar
Yanow, Dvora, and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine 2007. “Institutional Review Boards and Field Research.” Presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Zimbardo, Philip G., Haney, Craig, Banks, W. Curtis, and Jaffe, David. 1974. “The Psychology of Imprisonment: Privation, Power and Pathology.” In Doing unto Others: Explorations in Social Behavior, ed. Rubin, Zick. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 6173.Google Scholar