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Cognitive impairment from early to middle adulthood in patients with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2019

Josephine Mollon ,
Samuel R. Mathias ,
Emma E. M. Knowles ,
Amanda Rodrigue ,
Marinka M. G. Koenis ,
Godfrey D. Pearlson ,
Abraham Reichenberg ,
Jennifer Barrett ,
Dominique Denbow  and
Katrina Aberizk
...Show all authors
Josephine Mollon*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Samuel R. Mathias
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Emma E. M. Knowles
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Amanda Rodrigue
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Marinka M. G. Koenis
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Godfrey D. Pearlson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
Abraham Reichenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
Jennifer Barrett
Affiliation:
Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
Dominique Denbow
Affiliation:
Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
Katrina Aberizk
Affiliation:
Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
Molly Zatony
Affiliation:
Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
Russell A. Poldrack
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
John Blangero
Affiliation:
South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
David C. Glahn
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Josephine Mollon, E-mail: josephine.mollon@yale.edu
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Abstract

Background

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of psychotic disorders, but the profile of impairment across adulthood, particularly in African-American populations, remains unclear.

Methods

Using cross-sectional data from a case–control study of African-American adults with affective (n = 59) and nonaffective (n = 68) psychotic disorders, we examined cognitive functioning between early and middle adulthood (ages 20–60) on measures of general cognitive ability, language, abstract reasoning, processing speed, executive function, verbal memory, and working memory.

Results

Both affective and nonaffective psychosis patients showed substantial and widespread cognitive impairments. However, comparison of cognitive functioning between controls and psychosis groups throughout early (ages 20–40) and middle (ages 40–60) adulthood also revealed age-associated group differences. During early adulthood, the nonaffective psychosis group showed increasing impairments with age on measures of general cognitive ability and executive function, while the affective psychosis group showed increasing impairment on a measure of language ability. Impairments on other cognitive measures remained mostly stable, although decreasing impairments on measures of processing speed, memory and working memory were also observed.

Conclusions

These findings suggest similarities, but also differences in the profile of cognitive dysfunction in adults with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders. Both affective and nonaffective patients showed substantial and relatively stable impairments across adulthood. The nonaffective group also showed increasing impairments with age in general and executive functions, and the affective group showed an increasing impairment in verbal functions, possibly suggesting different underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms.

Keywords

Life-spanneuropsychologypsychosisschizophreniatrajectory
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 50 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 48 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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