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INDEX
Aar, Anna van der, portrait of by Frans Hals, 68, 76
afbeeldsel, term for portrait, 4, 7
Aglionby, William, Painting Illustrated in Three Dialogues, on portrait ownership, 10
van Aitzema, Lieuwe, Historie van saken van staet, 142
alba amicora, portraits in, 1
Alberti, Leon Battista, De pictura, 42–43, 49, 72, 96, 100
Algiers, battle of
Michiel de Ruyter and, 141
painting of by Reiner Nooms, 141
allegory, history portrait and, 186–88
Alonzo de Velasco, Don, 136
Althusius, Johannes, Politica methodice digesta, 113, 253
Alvarez de Toledo, Ferdinand, statue of destroyed by mob, 32
Ambrose, Isaac, Prima, media & ultima…dingen, 41, 170, 191
Amsterdam
Admiralty storehouse, designed by Daniël Stalpaert, 141
civic guard, organization of, 237
Kloveniersdoelen, 1, 238
ground plan of, 246, 246
portraits in:
Company of Captain Bicker, by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 222
Company of Captain Cloeck by Thomas de Keyser, 18, 218, 219–37, 219, 240, 248
Company of Captain Cocq by Rembrandt van Rijn, 2, 16–18, 19, 144, 211–17, 213, 220, 240, 241, 247–48, 249
Company of Captain Vlooswijck, by Nicolaes Eliasz., 245, 245
Governors, portrait of by Govert Flinck, 247, 247
Nieuwe Kerk, 178
Noorderkerk, 178
Orphans Chamber (Weeskamer), 11
portraits in auctions of, 20
Oude Kerk, 178
Remonstrant Church, plundering of in 1616, 233–35, 235
Remonstrant controversy, 218, 236
Schouwburg (theater), 182
inscription on, 96
Westerkerk, 178
Zuiderkerk, 161, 163, 175–76, 178, 180
and Jacob Poppen, 175–76
and Michiel Poppen, 175–76
and Solomon’s Temple, 179
d’Andrada, Diego, dispute with Rembrandt over portrait likeness, 62–63
Anne, Queen of England, portrait of, 117–18, 117
with King James I, Prince Charles I, medal by Simon de Passe, 130
Apelles, 206, 212
painting portrait of Campaspe, as subject, 49–50, 61, 203
by Abraham Janssens, 50
by Frans Floris, 50
by Jan Gossaert, 50
by Jan Wierix, 49
by Joos de Winghe, 49
by Maerten de Vos, 50
by Maerten van Heemskerk, 2
by Rogier van der Weyden, 49
by Quinten Massya, 50
by Sebastien Bourdon, 49
Apsley, Lady (Lady Morton), 127
Aristotle, De anima, 65, 66
Armenini, Giovanni Battista, De veri precetti della pittura, 30
Arminius, Jacobus, and Remonstrant controversy, 231
Arndt, Johann, Wahres Christenthum, 37, 190–91
Arundel, Thomas Howard, Earl of, 127
and Edward Hyde
on demeanor of, 88
on portrait of, 43
Augustine, 35, 75
Confessions, 112
Bacon, Francis, Advancement of Learning, 92
de Baen, Jan, Jacob Hogenhouck, 15
Baldinucci, Filippo, Cominciamento e progresso dell’arte, 211–12, 214, 249
baptism
importance of, 179–80
importance in Protestant faith, 176–78
Barendsz., Dirck, Portrait of Squad G, Amsterdam, 243
Barlaeus, Caspar, Mercator Sapiens, 90
Barnedsz, Dirck, Officers and Men of Company of Captain Egbert Vink, drawing, 243
Barnes, Thomas, Vox Belli, 131
Barthes, Roland, 260
“reality effect,” 44
Bas, Dirck Jacobsz. and family, portrait of by Dirck Santvoort, 1, 115, 116, 152
Basil of Caesarea, Saint, 76
Bauch, Kurt, 254
difference between portrait and image of head, 6
Baxandall, Michael, on period eye, 27
Baxter, Richard, D’eeuwigh-durende ruste der heylignen, 170, 190
Bayle, Pierre, Dictionnaire Historique, on religious diversity of Netherlands, 27
van Beaumont, Anna and Abraham van Wilmerdoncx, double portrait of by Rembrandt (lost), 15, 20
Beck, David, Spiegel van mijn leven, 118
Beck, Joachim, Lord of Gastrow, portraits for, by Abraham van den Hecke, 15
Bedaux, Jan Baptist, 48, 203
Belgic Confession, 37, 106
Berckman, Hendrick, 150
Admiral Michiel Adriaensz de Ruyter, Vlissingen, 150, 151
Anna van Gelder, Vlissingen, 150, 151
Cornelia de Ruyter and Johan de Witte, 150
van Beuningen, Gerrit Dircksz., 238
portrait in Company of by Jan Tengnagel, 238, 239
van Beverwijck, Johan, Van de Wtnementheyt des Vrouwelicken Geslachts, 113
beweechgelickheijt, debate over meaning of, 101
Bibliothèque Universelle et Historique, 60
Bicker, Roelof, Company of by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 222
Biderman, Jacob, Cenodoxus, 86
de Bie, Cornelis, Het gulden cabinet, 150
Biesboer, Pieter, 19, 20
Bisschop, Geertruyd, portrait of by Thomas de Keyser, 1, 78, 81
Bisschop, Rem Egbertsz, plundering house of, 233, 234
Blaeu, Willem, Atlas, 142, 153
Blankert, Albert, 82, 105, 106, 179
on term tronie, 6
on term conterfeytsel, 6
de Blocq, Reijnier, 148
Bloemert, Augustinus Alstenius, portrait of by Johannes Verspronck, 15
Bodin, Jean, on family basis of state, 113
body
and deportment, 66–68
relationship to soul, 61–62
Bok, Marten Jan, 10, 14, 32, 55
Bol, Ferdinand
Bringing Gifts for Temple of Solomon, Amsterdam, 179
Michiel de Ruyter, 153
Portrait of an Old Woman, Berlin, 82
Wigbold Slicher and Elisabeth Spiegel as Paris and Venus with Cupid, Dordrecht, 160
van Bolgersteyn, Herman Arentsz., takes apprentice in portrait painting, 13
à Bolswert, Boëthius Adamsz., engraving after Miereveld, pair portraits of Elizabeth and Frederik of Bohemia, 126
Borghese, Scipione, 178
Borkenau, Franz, 89
Bourdieu, Pierre, 91, 251
Bourdon, Sebastien, Apelles painting Campaspe, 49
Bouwsma, William, 88
Boyle, Robert, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects, 188
Braems, Pieter and his family, portrait of by Jan den Bray, 180–81, 181
Brandt, Geeraert
Het leven en bedryf van den Heere Michiel de Ruyter, 146
Historie der Reformatie, 154, 177
Brant, Sebastian, Das Narrenschiff, 156
de Bray, Jan, Christ Blessing the Children with Pieter Braems and His Family, Haarlem, 180–81, 181
Bredius, Abraham, on portrait ownership, 10
Bronzino, portraits by, 46
Broos, Ben, 8, 32
Brouart, Thomas, Old Man owned by, 76
Brueghel, Jan, 159
Bruyningh, Nicolaes, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 93, 96
Buchellius, Arnoldus, 176
visit to studio of Werner van den Valckert, 160
Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 128, 194
Budgell, Eustace, 59
Bullinger, Heinrich, anxiety about portrait, 32
Bulwer, John, Chrologia, 110
Burchard, Ludwig, 180
van der Burgh, J., on Hendrick de Goyer’s art collection, 2
Burke, Peter, 262–63
Burton, Henry, For God and the King, 131
Burton, Robert, Anatomy of Melancholy, 75–76, 84
Calvin, Jean, 89, 257
ambivalence about material world, 29
on family as basis of state, 113
and neo-Platonism, 35
and neo-stoicism, 108
and self-knowledge, 110
visual apprehension of Eucharist and portrait, 62
writings:
“Commentary on Genesis 7:1,” 197
“De Clementia,” 97
Harmonia ex tribus Euangelistis composita, 176–77
In librum psalmorum commentaris, 86
Institutio Christianae religionis, 35, 37, 108, 168, 190–91, 195
L. Annei Senecae, 109
Praelectiones in Ezechelis, 109
“Sermon on Job,” 109
Calvinism, and neo-stoicism, 109
Camphuysen, Dirck, “Tegen ’t Geestigdom der Schilderkonst,” 32
Caravaggio, Polidoro da, engraving by, purchased by van den Valckert, 178
Cardano, Girolamo, Metoposcopia libri tredecium, 66
Carleton, Dudley, Viscount Dorchester, 133–34, 178, 235
on magistrates, 233
portrait of as gift, 126
Carroll, Margaret, 31, 167, 203, 209, 217
Castiglione, Balthasar, Il libro del Cortegiano, 71, 88
Catechism, and Protestant culture, 169–70
Catechismus op den vredehandel, 170
Catholic, relation to material world, 105
estimated numbers in The Netherlands, 178
Cats, Jacob, 113, 171
“Emblemata moralia,” 155–56
Houwelyck, 52, 53, 138, 205
Invallende gedachten, 13
Ouderdom, Buyten-leven, en hof-gedachten, 38
Spiegel van menselijk leven, 155–56
Chamberlain, James, 131
Chapman, H. Perry, 55, 174
character
changed through models, 91
and deportment, 66–68
character head, 6, 44
see also tronie
Charles I, of England,
marriage to Henrietta Maria, 125, 132, 137
negotiations for marriage to Infanta Maria Anna of Austria, 122, 125, 132
portrait of, 117–18, 117
with King James I and Queen Anne, medal by Simon de Passe, 130
portrait of by Daniel Mijtens, print after by Willem Jacobsz. Delff, 72, 74
Charles II, King of England, 200
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, proclamation against images supporting Protestantism, 28–29
Charron, Pierre, De la sagesse, 85
Châtelet, Albert, 166
Christ Blessing the Children
as painting subject, 176
as portrait subject, 2, 160–81, 162
Christian of Brunswick, 118
civic guard
membership, 230
political power of, 230
portraits of, 211–58
social function of, 226–29
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, on portrait of Earl of Arundel, 43, 88
Clerc, Jean le, Bibliothèque Universelle et Historique, 60
Cloeck, Allaert, 237, 240
portrait in Company of, by Thomas de Keyser, 18, 218–37, 219, 240, 248, 254
Cocq, Frans Banning, portrait in The Nightwatch by Rembrandt van Rijn, 2, 18, 19, 144, 211–17, 213, 220, 240, 248, 249
Codde, Pieter, and Company of Captain Reynier Reael, Amsterdam, 18, 27, 240, 249
Coignet, Matthieu, Instruction aux Princes, 30
Colie, Rosalie, 204
de Coligny, Louise, 138
Colijn, Hendrick
portrait of, 240
Remonstrant, 242
Colijn, Michiel, portrait of, 240
Comenius, Johan Amos, 205
Constantine, Arch of, 197
conterfeytsel, term for portrait, 4, 6–7, 8
Continence of Scipio, as portrait subject, 2, 182–204
Conway, Edward, 233
Coornhert, Dirck Volkertsz, 59
Cornelisz. van Haarlem, Cornelis
Banquet of the Civic Guard of the Sint Joris and Kloveniersdoelen, Haarlem, 243
Christ Blessing the Children, Oberschleiβheim, 180
Officers of the Company of St. George, Haarlem, 239
Coster, Samuel
Iphigenia, 86
Polyena, 86
Council of Trent, on images, 35
de la Court, Johan and Pieter
Consideratien van staat, 90, 229, 253
Politike Discoursen, 257
de la Court, Pieter
Interest van Holland, 229
portrait collection of, 2
court portrait, 70, 79
Cranach, Lucas the Elder, Christ Blessing the Children, 176
Cromwell, Oliver, 76, 200
van Cuyck, Adriaen, 148
Cuyp, Jacob Gerritsz., Michiel Pompe van Slingelandt, Dordrecht, 152
Dabij, Michiel, 148
Daemen (Rietwijck), Cornelis, takes apprentice in portrait painting, 13
Danckers, Johannes, Christ Blessing the Children, as history portrait, The Hague, 180
Danckerts, Cornelis, Architectura Moderna, 163
de Decker, Jeremias, poem on Rembrandt van Rijn, 206
De Liefde, ship owned by Noortcaepse Compagnie, 148
Delcourt, Abraham and Maria de Keerssegieter, portrait of by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 150
Delff, Willem Jacobsz.
after Daniel Mijtens, Portrait of Charles I, 72, 74
after Michiel van Miereveld, Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, 68, 127, 129
after Michiel van Miereveld, Frederik V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia, 127, 129
pair portraits of Elizabeth and Frederik of Bohemia, engravings on satin, 138
Delft, Town Hall, portraits for, 1, 70–75, 138
Delft, Weeskamer (Chamber of Orphans), 13
Descartes, René, 111–12
Discours de la Méthode, 59–60, 86
on identity, 21, 22
Letters, 61
letter to Elizabeth of Bohemia, 85–86
Meditationes, 59–60
Devotio Moderna, 165, 166, 168
dextrarum iunctio, 134
dialogic texts, 169
van Dien, Christina, portrait of, 2, 160, 182, 183, 198
Dietterlin, Wendel, book by purchased by van den Valckert, 178
Digby, Sir Kenelm, Loose Fantasies, 44
Diogenes, 88
Dolce, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura, 43
Donk, Martin, Onderscheyt tusschen Godlijcke en Afgodissche Beelden, on iconoclasts’ destruction of portraits, 35
Dudok van Heel, S. A. C., 17, 20, 155
Dürer, Albrecht
book by purchased by van den Valckert, 178
works:
Adoration of the Trinity, Vienna, 164
Crucifixion, 172–73
Feast of Rose Garlands, Prague, 164
Prodigal Son, 172–73
van Dyck, Anthony
Christ Blessing the Children, Ottawa, as history portrait, 180
The Continence of Scipio, Oxford, 193–94, 195
Henrietta Maria, 46
Icones principvm vivorvm doctorvm, 4
Portrait of a Man (Lucas van Uffel or Daniel Nys), New York, 104
Prince Willem II, Schloss Mosigkau, 152
Venetia Stanley as Prudence, London, 194
Edelman, Gerald, on memory processes, 264
van den Eeckhout, Gerbrand, 153
Angel Appears to Gideon, Stockholm, 192
The Continence of Scipio, Lille, 184, 187, 198, 209
The Continence of Scipio, Philadelphia, 184, 186, 198
The Continence of Scipio, Rijswijk, 184, 185, 198
The Continence of Scipio: Wouter Oorthoorn and Christina van Dien, Toledo, 2, 98, 160, 182, 183, 189–99
van Eeghen, I. H., 104
Eliasz, Nicolaes, called Pickenoy
Catharina Hooft, Berlin, 87
Company of Jan van Vlooswijck, Amsterdam, 245, 245
Cornelis de Graeff, Amsterdam, 78, 79, 87–93
Geertruid Overlander, Amsterdam, 78, 79, 87
Maria Swartenhout, Amsterdam, 81–82
on portrait composition, 245
Reinier Hinlopen, Amsterdam, 82
Trintje van Nooy, Amsterdam, 82
Elison, Johannes, portrait of, by Rembrandt van Rijn, 110
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, portraits of, 121, 121
Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
deposed from Bohemia, 124–25
marriage of, 124–25
order of precedence, 135–36
popularity of, 126
portraits, letters on
to Duchess de la Tremoille, 126
to Lady Apsley (Lady Morton), 126
to Prince Henry, 126
to Sir Dudley Carleton, 126
to Sir Thomas Roe, 127
to Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, 127
portraits, on likeness, 64
portraits, use of
and emotional ties, 126–28, 130
and political alliances, 126–28
portraits of, see Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, portraits of
by à Bolswert, Boëthius Adamsz., engraving after Miereveld, pair portraits of Elizabeth and Frederik of Bohemia, 126
by Delff, Willem Jacobsz.
after Michiel van Miereveld, Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, 68, 127, 129
after Michiel van Miereveld, Frederik V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia, 127, 129
pair portraits of Elizabeth and Frederik of Bohemia, engravings on satin, 138
for Delft Town Hall, 138
by Michiel van Miereveld
Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, after, 68, 127, 129, 138
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, 64, 70–75, 126, 138
Frederik V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia, after, 127, 129, 138
by van de Passe, Crispijn
pair portraits of Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, engraving, 126
by de Passe, Simon
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia with their son Prince Frederik Henry, medal, 130
James I, King of England, enthroned, 122
by de Passe, Willem
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, with their five children (1621), engraving, Dutch edition, 138
Elizabeth and Frederik of Bohemia, with their five children (1621), engraving, English edition, 127–28
Frederik Hendrik and Amalia von Solms with their children, 138
Frederik V and Elizabeth Stuart, their children, and the family of King James I (first state), 1, 117–39, 117, 152
Frederik V and Elizabeth Stuart, their children, and the family of King James I (second state), 137, 139
Elstrack, Renold, attr., Charles I and Henrietta Maria, engraving, 135
Elton, G. R., 122
Emmens, J. A., 96, 216
Episcopius, Simon, 177, 233
Erasmus, Desiderius
on portrait likeness, 64
and stoicism, 84
writings:
“Moriae encomium,” 108
“De civilitate morum puerilium,” 66–68, 104
“De pueris statim ac liberaliter instituendis declamatio,” 66
“Institutio principis Christiani,” 88
“Parabolae sive similia,” 85
Erikson, Erik, on identity, 23
Ernst Casimir, count of Nassau-Dietz, portrait of, by Michiel van Miereveld, 70–75
Eucharist, visual apprehension of, 37, 62
Evelyn, John, Diary, on painting ownership in the Netherlands, 9, 21
van Everdingen, Cesar, 158
Lycurgus Showing the Results of Education, Alkmaar, 203
extramission theory of sight, 29
van Eyck, Aegje, portrait of, 149
van Eyck, Jan, work described by Karel van Mander, 39
Fabius, Quintus, 43
Falkenburg, Reindert, 164
family
as little state, 113–17, 120, 191–92
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) on, 114
family portrait
and family lineage, 114–15
memorial tablet as substitute for, 32–33
response to social instability, 116–17
Félibien, André, Entretiens sur les Vies, 52
Feltham, Owen, A briefe character of the Low-Countries, 155
Fish, Stanley, 260
Flinck, Govert
Governors of the Kloveniersdoelen, Amsterdam, 247, 247
portraits of members of family Rijckloff Volckertsz van Goens, 15–16
Floerke, Hanns, on portrait ownership, 10
Floris, Frans, Apelles painting Campaspe, Antwerp, 50
Foch, Klaes Frederijcksz, collection of, 173–74
Fock, C. W., on portrait ownership in Leiden, 11
Fokkens, Melchoir, Beschrijvinge der Wijdtvermaarde Koopstadt Amstelredam, 149
Fortenbeeck, Adolf, 242
portrait of, 240
Francia, Francesco Raibolini, Isabella d’Este, 74
Francken, Hieronymus, Christ Blessing the Children, 180
Frederick Christian V, King of Denmark, 153
Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange, 233
compared to Jupiter and Alexander the Great by Joost van den Vondel, 206
and Descartes, 59
portrait of, 2
by Gerard van Honthorst
with Amalia von Solms and their children, 144
as Constancy, 89
by Willem de Passe
with Amalia von Solms and their children, 138
portrait collections of, 1
and Remonstrant controversy, Amsterdam, 236
Frederik Henry, Prince of Bohemia, 130
Frederik III, King of Denmark, kunstkammer of, 147
Frederik V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia, 206
deposed from Bohemia, 124–25
marriage of, 124–25
order of precedence, 135–36
popularity of, 126
portraits of, see Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia
Freud, Sigmund, Nachträglichkeit, 263
friendship portrait, 249–51
Fromentin, Eugène, 46
Fünen, Michiel de Ruyter and battle of, 148
poems on, 148
Galle, Theodore, after Johannes Stradanus, “Color Olivi,” 50, 51
Gastrow, Joachim Beck, Lord of, portraits for by Abraham van den Hecke, 15
Gaulter, Rudolf, anxiety about portrait, 32
Geertgen tot Sint Jans, Lamentation, Vienna, 165, 165
Geertz, Clifford, on identity, 21
de Geest, Wybrand, 158
Geesteranus, Johannes, Idolelenchus, 32
de Gelder, Aert, Self-Portrait as Zeuxis, Frankfurt am Main, 105
van Gelder, Anna, portraits of, 2, 117–18, 140–50, 151, 157
portrait of, by Hendrick Berckman, 150, 151
van Gelder, Jan Pauwelsz, step-son of Michiel de Ruyter, 142, 150, 152, 153
genres, painting, 204
hierarchy of, 8
Gergen, Kenneth, on cultural concepts, 23
Gerson, Horst, 83
van Gerven, Isaac, portrait of, 173–74
gesture, adlocutio, 197
de Gheyn, Jacques, Death of Seneca, drawing, 87
Gillis, Pieter, portrait of, 64
van Goens, Boycke, portrait of by Govaert Flinck, 15–16
van Goens, Rijckloff Vokckertsz
collection of, 16
poem by Joost van den Voncel on portrait of, 15–16
portrait of
by Isaack Luttichuys, 16
with family, by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 16, 17, 144
by Govaert Flinck, 15–16
portraits of family members by Govert Flinck, 15–16
van Goens, Volckert Boickes, portrait of
by Govaert Flinck, 15–16
by Isaack Luttichuys, 16
Goffman, Erving, 55
on identity, 24
Goldberg, Arnold, on concept of self, 261
Goldberg, Jonathan, 120, 122
Goltzius, Hendrik,
Allegory of Christian Marriage, engraving, 138
Allegory of Visus, 39
Karel van Mander on, 40
Gomarus, Franciscus, and Remonstrant controversy, 231
Goodwin, Thomas, Ydelheidt der gedachten, 168
Gossaert, Jan
Apelles painting Campaspe, Prague, 50
Apelles painting Campaspe, Vienna, 50
Gossens, Marion, on portrait ownership, 11, 13
van Gouthoeven, Wouter, D’oude chronijke, 154
de Goyer, Hendrick
J. van der Burch on collection of, 2
painting collection, 2
portrait of family, by Adriaen van Ostade, 3
de Graeff, Andries
dispute with Rembrandt over portrait cost, 16–17, 20
de Graeff, Cornelis, portrait of, 78, 79, 87–93
de Graeff, family, spurious genealogy of, 155
Grafton, Anthony, 207
gratitude, and meditation, 194, 196
de Grebber, Frans Pietersz., Company and Officers of the Third Banner of the Haarlem Kloveniers, Haarlem, 255
de Grebber, Pieter, Regulen, 207–208
Greenblatt, Stephen, 96
on identity, 22–23
Greenson, Ralph, memory and transformation of self, 265
grief, expressions of, 86
Grimani, Hubert Jacobsz., portrait as barter, 19
Grootburgerrecht, Amsterdam, of Michiel de Ruyter, 146
Grotius, Hugo, De ivre belli ac pacis, 89, 113, 134–35
group portrait
political import of, 254
prices of, 18–19, 240–41
Guiche, Armand de Gramont, compte de, Memoires, 146
Gysbrechts, Cornelis, 147
Habermas, Jürgen, 254
de Haen, Dirck, money owed for portrait, 13
Hales, Christopher
on portraits of Heinrich Bullinger and Rudolf Gaulter, 32
on toleration of portraits, 33–34
Halewood, William, 209
Hall, Joseph, Een bedenckinge des eeuwighen levens, 188
Hallewat, Aris, Remonstrant, 242
Hals, Frans and Pieter Codde, Company of Captain Reynier Reael, 18, 240, 249
cost of, 27
Hals, Frans
Aletta Hanemans, The Hague, 68
Anna van der Aar, New York, 68, 76
Company of Captain Reynier Reael, Amsterdam, 18, 27, 240, 249
Gypsy Girl, Paris, 4
Isaac Massa, Toronto, 54
Jacob Pietersz Olycan, The Hague, 68
Petrus Scriverius, New York, 68, 76
poem on, 106
Portrait of a family, Coll. Thyssen-Bornemisza, 139
Portrait of a Woman, Ghent, 69, 77
Regents of the Old Men’s Alms House, Haarlem, 2, 46, 47, 256
St. George Civic Guard Company, Haarlem, 239
Theodorus Schrevelius, Baronness Bentinck-Thyssen-Bornemisza, 106
Hanemans, Aletta, portrait of by Frans Hals, 68
Harbison, Craig, 164
Hardenstein, Dirk, Continence of Scipio, Deventer, 199
van Harinxma thoe Slooten, Pieter and Susan van Burmania, marriage board, 138
van Harlaer (Havelem), Jan Claesz., money owed to for portrait, 13
Hasselaer, Nicolaes, and Amsterdam riot of 1626, 234
Haverkamp-Begemann, Egbert, 19, 212, 217, 254
hearing, priority over sight in Calvinism, 197–98
van den Hecke, Abraham, portraits for Joachim Beck, Lord of Gastrow, 15
Heckscher, W. S., 87
van Heemskerk, Maerten, Apelles painting Campaspe, Haarlem, Rennes, 50
de Heere, Lucas, Family of Henry VIII, Sudeley Castle, 119–20
Heidelberg Catechism, 196
on priority of words over images, 33
on toleration of portraits, 34
van der Heiden, Gaspar, 177
Heinsius, Daniël
compared to Apollo, 206
De tragoediae constitutione liber, 76, 91, 98
van der Helst, Abraham, portrait of, 141
van der Helst, Bartholomeus
dispute over portrait cost, 17–18
fees for portraits, 147
works:
Company of Captain Roelof Bicker, Amsterdam, 222
Family Portrait in a Landscape, St. Petersburg, 144, 145
Gideon de Wildt and His Wife, pair portraits of, 147
Maria de Keerssegieter and Abraham Delcourt, Rotterdam, 150
Pieter Lucaszn van de Venne and family, with greyhound, St. Petersburg, 17, 144
Portrait of a Preacher, Rotterdam, 102, 104, 105
Rijckloff van Goens and His Family, formerly Rotterdam, 16, 17, 144
Willem Vincent, Baron van Wyttenhorst, 15
Hendrick, Prince of Nassau, 150
Henrietta Maria
comments on appearance of, by Sophie of Hannover, 46
marriage to Charles I, 125, 132, 137
portrait of
by Anthony van Dyck, 46
with Charles I, engraving, attr. to Renold Elstrack, 135
Henry, Prince of England, gift of portrait to sister Elizabeth Stuart, 126
Henry, Prince of Bohemia, portrait of, by Michiel van Miereveld, 130
Henry VIII, King of England, portrait of, 121
portrait of family of, by Lucas de Heere, 119–20
Hinlopen, Reinier, portrait of by Nicolaes Eliasz., 82
history, seventeenth-century beliefs about, 196–97
history portrait, 2, 158–210
examples of, 158, 159, 160
history portrait (cont.)
and katharsis, 206–207
modern concept of, 164, 204–205, 209–10
and narrative, 187
performative aspect of, 167
popularity of, 209
self-portraits in, 158, 172–74
and text dedications, 174
seventeenth-century concept of, 158, 159, 205–10
and seventeenth-century conceptions of history, 160
Hogenhouck, Jacob, portrait of by Jan de Baen, 15
Holbein, Hans, Erasmus, Longford Castle, 87
Holland, Norman, 260
Hollanda, Francisco de, on Michelangelo on Flemish painting, 50–51
Hollandse Maagd, 202
Hondius, Hendrick, Pictorum aliquot celebrium, 4
van Honthorst, Gerard
Allegory of Painting, Copenhagen, 50
Death of Seneca, 87
Frederik Hendrik as Constancy, The Hague, 89
Frederik Hendrik and His Family, 144
Smiling Girl Holding an Obscene Image, St. Louis, 4
Hooft, Catharina, portrait of by Nicolaes Eliasz, 87
Hooft, Pieter Cornelisz, 59, 85
Baeto, oft Oorsprong der Hollanderen, 86, 109
Geeraerdt van Velsen, 86
Neederlandsche Histoorien, 205
Hooghkamer, Jacob Pietersz., portrait in Company of by Jacob Lyon, 243, 244
van Hoogstraten, Samuel
compared to Apelles, 206
Inleyding tot de hoge schoole der schilderkonst, on portrait painting, 8, 52, 158, 211, 249
Hopkins [sic. John Hoskins?], Prince Henry, 126
Horace, Ars Poetica, 41, 111, 206
Horstok, Johannes, Woman Admonishing a Young Boy, private collection, 171, 172
Houbraken, Arnold, De groot schouburgh, 147, 150, 158
on portrait painting, 8, 63
Howell, James, Epistolae Ho-Elianae, on cultural diversity of Netherlands, 27
Huarte, Juan, Essame de gl’ingendi de gli hvomini, 66
Huygens, Constantijn, 38, 209
and Descartes, 59
diary, 66
on function of portraits, 42
on Jan Lievens, Oriental Figure, 6
on Old Man owned by Thomas Brouart, 76
on portrait likeness, 65
on Rembrandt and Lievens, 40–41
on Rembrandt van Rijn, Judas, 40–41
letter to Prince Willem of Orange, 146
portrait of
by Jan Lievens, 64, 70, 110–65
by Michiel van Miereveld, 74
by Thomas de Keyser, 68, 69, 70, 74
Self-Portrait, The Hague, 70, 71, 74
iconoclasm
attacking eyes of portraits, 31
destruction of portraits, 28, 31–32, 52
Johann à Porta on, 34
Martin Donk on, 35
riots in 1566, 31
identity
authors on:
Descartes, René, 21, 22
Erikson, Erik, 23
Geertz, Charles, 21
Goffman, Erving, 24
Greenblatt, Stephen, 22–23
Kohut, Heinz, 260–66, 269
Locke, John, 21, 22
Modell, Arnold, 263–65
Plato, 21
Taylor, Charles, 21, 24
and city, 252–53
concepts culturally determined, 21–26
created through relationships, 23
impact of social changes on, 21–22
particularity of individuals noted, 75–78
role of portraits in creating, 23, 24–44
and self distinguished, 260, 261
visual codes for character, 24
Western European concept defined, 22
images
Armenini, Giovanni Battista, on power of, 30
Calvin, Jean, on power of, 35
Charles V proclamation against Protestant, 28–29
Coignet, Matthieu, on deceit of, 30
Council of Trent on, 35
Heidelberg Catechism on, 33
ideas about
multiple associations of, 124
priority of words over, 33
Protestants, anxiety about, 29, 30–31
transformative power of, 26–44
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo, on power of, 29–30
Luther, Martin
anxiety about, 30
priority of words over, 33
Mechelen, Third Provincial Council on, 35
Molanus, Johannes, on power of, 30
Plato on, 35–36
income, in 17th century, 19
individual portrait, 1
in three-quarter length
and regent class, 78, 92
intromission theory of sight, 29
Iser, Wolfgang, 260
Jacobson, Jurriaen,
formerly attributed to, Willem van der Zaen and his fiancée Aegje van der Eyck, Amsterdam, 147–48, 149
life of, 147
Portrait of the Family of Vice-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, Amsterdam, 2, 117–18, 140–57, 143
Portrait of a Princess (Sophia Hedwich?), 18
Jacobsz, Dirck, Jacob Cornelisz. van Oostsanen Painting a Portrait of His Wife Anna, Toledo, 31, 33, 50
Rot of Amsterdam Kloveniers, Amsterdam, 215, 225, 227, 243
James I, King of England, 194
fear of Elizabeth of Bohemia, 134
motto on coins, 135
portraits of, 117–18, 117
enthroned, by Simon de Passe, 122, 123, 125
with Queen Anne, Son Charles I, medal by Simon de Passe, 130
writings and speeches:
Basilikon Doron, 125
letter on portrait, 128
letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, 133–34
Meditation upon the Lord’s Prayer, 125
Speech to Parliament 1603, 135
Speech to Parliament 1609, 120–21
True Law of free Monarchies, 120, 131
writings on kingship, 122, 125
Jameson, Frederic, 204
Janssens, Abraham, Apelles painting Campaspe, Mechelen, 50
Jode, Pieter, after Adriaen van de Venne, “Zeeusche Mey-Clacht,” 38–39, 39
de Jongh, Eddy, 19, 46, 47–48, 53, 96, 170
Junius, Franciscus
on church and state, 231
De pictura veterem, 94
van Kattenburch, Otto, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, as barter, 19
de Keerssegieter, Maria and Abraham Delcourt, portrait of by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 150
Kempis, Thomas à, 166
Kermt, Gregorius, portrait of, 159
Kerteminde, Denmark, painting of, 141
Ketel, Cornelis
Company of Captain Dirck Rosencrans, Amsterdam, 215, 220, 221, 224
Democritus and Heraclites, as history portrait, 159
Ketschmar, F. G. L. O., 155
de Keyser, Hendrick, Zuiderkerk, Amsterdam, 163
see also Amsterdam, Zuiderkerk
de Keyser, Thomas
Remonstrant, 242
works by:
Company of Captain Allaert Cloeck, Amsterdam, 18, 218, 219–48, 219, 254
identification of sitters, 240
non-military character of, 237
Constantijn Huygens, London, 68, 69, 70, 74
Drawing for the Company of Captain Allaert Cloeck, Copenhagen, 30, 222–26, 223, 241, 248
Drawing for the Company of Captain Allaert Cloeck, Vienna, 222–26, 223, 237, 241, 248
Frans van Limborch, Hull, 1, 78, 80
Geertruyd Bisschop, Brooklyn, 1, 78, 81
Man Holding a Cittern, with a Young Girl, New York, 98, 99
pair portraits of a man and wife, Stockholm, 68, 76
Portrait of Four Goldsmiths, Toledo, 256
Portrait of a Man, Kassel, 81–82
Kibish, Christine Ozaroska, 176
Kiel, Berhardt, 211
Kievel, Paul, 255
kingship
and divinity, 120–22
and paternity, and James I, 120, 122, 130–32
Knevel, Paul, 217
Koelman, Jacobus, De plighten der ouders, 171
Koelman, Johan Philip, copy after van der Helst, Portrait of Rijckloff van Goens, and His Family, Rotterdam, 16, 17, 144
Kohut, Heinz, 269
distinguish self and identity, 260
mirroring, idealization, twinship, 264
selfobjects
cultural products used as, 266
use of in identity formation, 265–66
transmuting internalization, 264
Kolde van Münster, Dederich, Dit is een schoon spieghel, 169
Kooijmans, Luuc, 251
Kuysten, Jan, Remonstrant, 242
La Bellière, Claude de, Physionomia Rationalis, 66
van Laer, Hademan, portrait of, 240
de Lafayette, Madame (Marie-Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne), La Princesse de Clèves, 44
de Laiersse, Gerard
The Continence of Scipio, ‘s-Gravenhage, 200, 201–202, 201
Groot Schilderboek
on mixing times and locations, 207
on subjects for painters, 159
Lastman, Pieter,
Coriolanus and the Roman Matrons, Dublin, 197, 204
Dismissal of Hagar, Hamburg, 192
God Appears to Abraham, St. Petersburg, 192
Lemmers, Jan, Scipio en Olinde, 182, 199, 200
Leonardo da Vinci, 46, 47, 96, 100
Lewalski, Barbara, 165
Lichtenstein, Heinz, on concept of self, 261
Lievens, Jan
Constantijn Huygens on, 40–41
Constantijn Huygens, Amsterdam, 64, 65, 70, 110
Continence of Scipio, formerly Leiden, 199
Oriental Figure, Potsdam-Sanssouci, 6
Scipio and Pallas, history portrait, 159
van Limborch, Frans, portrait of by Thomas de Keyser, 1, 78, 80
lineage, portraits representing, 114–15
Lipsius, Justus, 86, 87, 109, 232
De Constantia libri duo, 84, 85
Manuductio ad stoicam philosophiam, 84
Physiologia stoicorum, 84
portrait of, with His Pupils, by Peter Paul Rubens, 87
Livy, Ab urbe condita [Historiarum libri], 202
Netherlands editions, 182
Locke, John, Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 59, 60
on identity, 21, 22
Lomazzo, Giovanni Paolo, Trattato dell’arte della pittura, 29–30, 72
van Loon family, portrait collection, 2
Looten, Marten, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 20
Loughman, John, on portrait ownership in Dordrecht, 11
Ludolph of Saxonly, called the Carthusian, 166
Lukacs, John, 207
Lukin, Henry, Introduction to the Holy Scriptures, 170
Luther, Martin, 38, 176
ambivalence about material world, 29
anxiety about power of images, 30
books banned by Charles V, 28
on grace and salvation, 106
on images, 36
on priority of words over images, 33
works:
“Dritte Predigt 1533,” 36
“Eight Sermons at Wittenberg,” 36, 106
“The Freedom of a Christian,” 106
“Heavenly Prophets,” 36
“Lectures on Genesis 31-37,” 208
“On 1 Timothy,” 196
Personal Prayer Book, 36
“Predigt in Merseburg Gehalten,” 197
“Sermon on the Mount,” 106
Small Catechism, 168–69
Luttichuys, Isaack, portraits of Rijckloff and Volckert van Goens, 16
Lyon, Jacob, Company of Captain Jacob Pietersz. Hooghkamer, Amsterdam, 243, 244
Maes, Nicolas, dispute over portrait likeness, 63
van Mander, Karel
biography of, 173–74
The Continence of Scipio, Amsterdam, 191, 193
Crossing of the River Jordan, Rotterdam, as history portrait, 158, 173–74, 196–97
Den Grondt, 94, 182, 192, 200, 204
Het Leven, 159, 172–73
disparagement of portrait painting, 8, 12, 51–52
on portraits of Michiel van Miereveld, 8, 12, 51–52
praise for history painting, 8
Het Schilderboek, 75
on Hendrik Goltzius, 40
on interactive nature of sight, 40
on Jan van Eyck, 39
on market for portraits, 8, 12
subjects for painters, 159
use of term conterfeytsel, 6–7
use of term tronie, 6–7
Manners, Catherine, 194
Manuth, Volker
identity of sitters in portrait by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, 198
on market for portraits, 6
Marnix, Philip van, lord of Sainte-Aldegonde, 252
marriage contract as metaphor for political contract, 135–37
Marrow, James, 164
Martens, Carel
payments for portraits relative to other goods, 21
portrait of, 14–15
portrait collection, 14–15
Martens, Hans and wife Mayken Martens-Baccher, portraits of by Abraham Vinck, 14–15
Martens-Baccher, Mayken, and Hans Martens, portraits of by Abraham Vinck, 14–15
Martz, Louis, 165
Massa, Isaac, portrait of by Frans Hals, 54
Massinger, Philip, The Bondman, 88
Massys, Quinten, Apelles painting Campaspe, Lisbon, 50
Master of Alkmaar, Seven Works of Charity, Amsterdam, 31
Master of the Countess of Warwick, attr., William Brooke, 10th Lord of Cornham and Family, Longleat House, 120
Matham, Jacob, after Frans Hals, Theodorus Schrevelius, 106
Matthias, Archduke of Austria
portrait of by Lucas van Valckenborch, 186
portrait of as Scipio, by Lucas van Valckenborch, 186–89, 189, 203
Maurits, Prince of Orange
portrait of, 2
and Remonstrant controversy, 230
Mechelen, Third Provincial Council, on images, 35
mediative practices, 98
de Medici, Cosimo III, 146
Michiel de Ruyter gift to, 152
on portrait likeness, 64
meditation
and gratitude, 194, 196
and portraits, 87–98, 188–91, 204, 209
practices of, 164–70, 202
Meijer, D. C., 222
melancholy, expressed by portrait, 97–98
Melion, Walter, 14–15, 40, 75
Memorial Board of the Family Lineage of the Lords van Swieten, Leiden, 115, 115
memorial tablet, as substitute for portrait, 32–33
mentalitié, of 17th-century Dutch culture, 27
Meppel, Jan, portrait of, 141
Merian, Matthäus, Icones Biblicae, 179
Mets, Petrus, 148
Mexía, Pedro, Silva de varia leción, 204
Michelangelo, on Netherlandish painting, 50–51
Miedema, Hessel, 201
van Miereveld, Michiel
Karel van Mander
on income from portraits, 8, 12
on portraits by, 51–52
money owed for portrait, 13
works:
Constantijn Huygens, Hofwijck, 74
Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, after, 68, 127, 129, 138
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, 64, 70–75, 126, 138
Frederik V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia, after, 127, 129, 138
Graeff Ernst Casimir, 70–75
Prince Henry of Bohemia, 130
Mijtens, Daniel, Charles I, 72, 74
Mijtens, Jan, 144
de Moucheron, Pierre, portrait of family of, Amsterdam, 115
Modell, Arnold
memory processes, 264
memory and transformation of self, 264–65
selfobject and psychological transformation, 263–64
Molanus, Johannes, De picturis et imaginibus sacris, 30
Montaigne, Michel de, Essais, 59, 68, 75, 76, 111, 112
Montias, John Michael, 19, 20
on market for portraits, 6
on portrait ownership, 10, 11, 13
portrait painting as specialty, 13
More, Thomas, 64
Moro, Anthony, and court portrait, 79
Moucheron, Pierre, portrait of family of, 115
Mousyn, Michiel, Michiel de Ruyter, engraving after Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, 153
Mundy, Peter, Travels, on portrait ownership, 9
Münster, Treaty of, 200
Naked Cupids, painting of, 142
Nanningsz., Claes Cloeck
portrait of, 240
Remonstrant, 242
Narcissus, 38–39, 49
narrative, and history portrait, 187
van Neck, Jacob, and Amsterdam riot of 1626, 234
van Neck, Pieter, Company of by Aert Pieterszoon, 239
neo-Stoicism
and Calvinism, 109
and passions, 107–108
and Protestantism, 108–109
in the Netherlands, 84–87, 88–91
Netherlands
cultural diversity of, 27
social mobility in, 154
social structure of, 154–57
social structure, false genealogies, 155–56
van Nierop, H. F. K., 155
Nightwatch, see Rembrandt van Rijn, Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq
van Nispen, Carel, poem on Samuel van Hoogstraten, 206
Nooms, Reiner
Algiers, Amsterdam, 141
Salee, Amsterdam, 141
Noortcaepse Compagnie, and Michiel de Ruyter, 148
van Nooy, Trintje, portrait of by Nicolaes Eliasz., 82
nuclear family, portraits of, 115–16
Oestreich, Gerhard, 86, 89, 90
van Oisterwijck, Albertus, portrait of parents by Anthony Palamedes, 15
van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan, 178, 200
on church and state, 232
execution of, 233
and Remonstrant controversy, 230
Olycan, Jacob Pietersz., portrait of by Frans Hals, 68
Oorthoorn, Wouter Willemsz, portrait of by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, 2, 160, 182, 183, 198
van Oosterwyck, Volckerus, portrait of parents by Anthony Palamedes, 15
van Oostsanen, Jacob Cornelisz and his family, portrait of by Dirck Jacobsz., 31, 33
Orange, House of, family portrait by Claes Jansz. Visscher, engraving, 138
Orange, Princes of, portraits of, 142, 256
orphans, apprenticed in portrait painting, 13
van Os, Hendrick, portrait of, 159
van Ostade, Adriaen, Self-Portrait with the de Goyer Family, The Hague, 3
Ovens, Jurriaen, Portrait of Anna Rutgers, value of, 20
Overlander, Geertruid, portrait of, 78, 79, 87
Pacification of Ghent, civic guards ratification of, 228
painting
arousal of emotion by, 40–41
compared to poetry, 40–41
Horace on, 41
as mirror of nature, 39
Palamedes, Anthony, portrait of parents of Albertus and Volckerus van Oisterwijck/ Oosterwyck, 15
Parival, Jean-Nicolas de, Les délices de la Hollande, on portrait ownership, 9–10
van de Passe, Crispijn
frontispiece to Thomas Scott, Vox Regis, 133
“Manus manum lavat,” 134–35
Le Miroir des plus Belles Courtisannes de ce Temps, 2, 5
pair portraits of Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, engraving, 126
de Passe, Simon
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia with their son Prince Frederik Henry, medal, 130
James I, King of England, enthroned, 121–22, 123
King James and Queen Anne, with their son Charles I, medal, 130
de Passe, Willem
Elizabeth and Frederik of Bohemia, with their five children (1621), engraving, English edition, 127–28
Elizabeth Stuart and Frederik V of Bohemia, with their five children (1621), engraving, Dutch edition, 138
Frederik Hendrik and Amalia von Solms with their children, 138
Frederik V and Elizabeth Stuart, their children, and the family of King James I (first state), 1, 117–39, 117, 152
Frederik V and Elizabeth Stuart, their children, and the family of King James I (second state), 137, 139
passions
and neo-Stoicism, 107–108
and reason, 107–108
Pastoor, Gabriël, 217
Pauw, Adriaen, and Remonstrant controversy, 236, 245
period eye, of 17th-century Dutch culture, 27
Pers, Dirck Pietersz., 240
portrait of, 240
Remonstrant, 242
personal affiliation and social structure, 249–51
Philip II, Prince, 21–26
Philip IV, portrait of by Diego Rodriguez Velázquez, 79, 87, 89
physiognomy, studies of, 65–66
Pickenoy, see Nicolaes Eliasz.
Pieterszoon, Aert, Company of Captain Pieter van Neck, Amsterdam, 239
pietistic practices, 164, 167–68, 190–91, 194
“occasional meditations,” 167
Pigler, A., 182
Plato
on identity, 21
Parmenides, 35–36
Pliny, Naturalis historia, 42, 212
Plundering of the house of Rem Egbertsz. Bisschop, 233, 234
Plundering of a Remonstrant Church in 1626, Amsterdam, 233–35
Plutarch, Vitae parallelae, 105
Netherlands editions, 182
poetry compared to painting, 40–41
political contract
marriage contract as metaphor for, 135–37
and Netherlands, 138
Pontanus, Johannis, Historische beschrijvinghe der seer wijt beroemde coop-stadt Amsterdam, 212–13
de Poorter, Willem, Saint Paul and Barnabas at Lystra, Rijswijk, 204
Pope-Hennessy, Sir John, 45–47
Poppen, Ioan, house of, 149, 176
Poppen, Jacob, 164, 175–76
Poppen, Jan, 175
Poppen, Michiel, 161–64, 175–76, 179
portrait of family as Christ Blessing the Children, by Werner van den Valckert, 160–81, 162
portrait of by Werner van den Valckert, 101, 104, 161–64
Porta, Giambattista della, De humana physiognomia, 66
à Porta, Johann, D’net der beeltstormers, on iconoclasts destruction of portraits, 34–35
portrait, as representation
anxiety about, 32
disapproval of, 32
toleration for, 33–34
of body, 61–78
idealization, 70
of character, 42, 61–70, 78
melancholy, 97–98
tranquillitas, 78
likeness
concern for, 64
dispute over, 62–63
described as mirrors, 38–40
particularity, 76–78
transcription, 70
of social mask, 97
theatrical aspect of, 96–97, 188, 192
portrait collection
in brothels, 2–4
comments on, by J. van der Burgh, 2
Delft town hall, 1
Frederik Hendrik, 1
Binnenhof, The Hague, 1
Huis Honselaarskijk, Naaldwijk, 1
Huis ter Nieuburg, Rijkswijk, 1
Palace Het Loo, 1, 114, 114
Paleis Noordeinde, Huis ten Bosch, The Hague, 1
private families, 1, 2
portrait compilations, printed, 4
portrait format and style
and sitter, 78
portrait, genre of
apprenticeship of orphans in, 13
and art theory
and hierarchy of genres, 8, 50–52
value of, 12, 51–52
identifying, difficulty of, 8–9
as metaphor for practice of painting, 49–50
seventeenth-century terms for, 4–9
afbeeldsel, 4
conterfeytsel, 4, 6–7
portret, 5, 7
tronie, 4, 6–7
specialty for painters, 12–13
studies of, 58
empirical, 45–47
iconographic, 47–48, 53
problem of projection, 46, 47
portrait historié, see history portrait
portrait, market for, 9–21
and barter, 19
ownership, extent of, 10, 13
prices, 13–19
of copy, 15
disputes over, 16–18
of family portraits, 15–18
of frames, 14–15
of group portraits, 18–19, 240–41
of individual portraits, 14–18, 20
of panel supports, 14
relative to income, 19
resale value, 6, 9, 20–21
portrait ownership
among poorer households, 13
in Amsterdam, 10, 11, 12
in Delft, 10, 12, 13–19
in Dordrecht, 11, 12
in Friesland, 10
in Haarlem, 11, 12
inventory analysis, 10–12
in Leiden, 11, 12
in Utrecht, 10
portrait poses
active, 78, 93–112
temporality of, 96
and character, 100–101
half-standing, 101–105
speaking portrait, 100
portrait, power of
and iconoclasm, 28, 34, 35, 52
kissing of, 52
over owner, 44
paradox of, 268
portrait, public function, 9, 270
as gifts, 126–28, 153
political uses of
civic guard portrait, 217–19, 226–44, 248, 251, 254
family portrait, 118–39, 199–202
individual portrait and tranquillitas, 88–91, 92
portrait, private function of, 9, 24–44, 269–70
as gifts, 126–28, 153
and identity formation, see identity
as selfobject, 266–69
and meditation on, 188–91
and self-knowledge, 97–98
as memory of sitter, 2, 25, 42–43
portrait types
civic guard portrait, 217–19
family portrait, 126–28, 152–53, 175–76, 179–80, 198
individual portrait, 87–92, 93
and psychological change, 26–44, 74–75, 98, 164
viewer and, 192, 198, 266–69
sitter as model for character, 42–43
Constantijn Huygens on, 42
idealization of sitter, 70–75, 78
identification with sitter, 171–72
portrait types, see entries under specific types
allegorical portrait
civic guard portrait
court portrait
family portrait
friendship portrait
group portait
history portrait
individual portait
role portait
royal portait
portret, term for portrait, 5, 7
Pot, Hendrick Gerritsz, Officers of the Kloveniersschutterij, Haarlem, 243
Price, J. L., 253
Protestantism
anxiety about power of images, 30–31
and neo-Stoicism, 108–109
relation to material world, 105, 106
and worldly engagement, 100
Prud’homme van Reine, Ronald, 141
Pseudo-Aristotle, De physiognomonia, 65–66
public politics, and individual power upon, 253–54
Questiers, Anna, portrait of by Adriaen van Ostade, 3
Questiers, Catharina, portrait of by Adriaen van Ostade, 3
Rabelais, François, Gargantua and Pantagruel, 88
van Ravesteyn, Jan, Magistrates of The Hague, The Hague, 240
Reael, Reynier, Company of by Frans Hals and Pieter Codde, 18, 27, 240, 249
reality effect, 44
reason
and control of passions, 107–108
and self-knowledge, 84–92, 96–101, 109–10
Regius (Henri de Roy), 59
Regnard, Jean François, Voyage de Flandres, comment on brothel portraits, 4
Reiss, Timothy, 44
Rembrandt van Rijn
and art theory, 96
on beweechgelickheijt, 101
compared to Apelles, 206
dispute
over portrait cost, 16–17
over portrait likeness, 6, 62–63
income from portraits, 12
portrait print as barter, 19
portraits, 97
works:
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, The Hague, 2, 78, 98, 100, 103, 104, 107, 110, 257
Andries de Graeff, portrait of or for, lost, 20
Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer, New York, 167
attributed to, An Old Man in a Gorget and Plumed Cap, Los Angeles, 5, 6, 7, 44
Baptism of the Eunuch, Utrecht, 192
Beggar Seated on a Bank, etching, 104
Christ Presented to the People (Ecce Homo), etching and drypoint, 167
Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (“The Nightwatch”), Amsterdam, 2, 18, 19, 144, 211–17, 213, 220, 240, 248, 249
and Contra-Remonstrant cause, 247–48
cost of, 16, 241
Descent from the Cross, etching, 104
Double Portrait of Abraham Wilmerdoncx and Anna van Beaumont, lost, 15, 20
Eleazar Swalmius, etching, 110
Historical Scene, Leiden, 199, 204
Jan Cornelisz. Sylvius, Arm Outstretched, etching, 4, 44, 45
Jan Six, private collection, Amsterdam, 93, 95, 96, 97
Johannes Elison, Boston, 110
Johannes Wtenbogaert, private collection, 46–47, 55, 110
Judas Returning the Thirty Pieces of Silver, private collection, 40–41
Marten Looten, Los Angeles, 20
Marten Soolmans, private collection, 83
Nicolaes Bruyningh, Kassel, 93, 96
Nicolas Ruts, New York, 55
Oath of the Batavians to Claudius Civilis, Amsterdam, 203
Portrait of a Man, Kassel, 83, 83, 84
Portrait of a Man at a Desk, St. Petersburg, 102, 104
Portrait of a Man Rising from His Chair, Cincinnati, 1, 98, 102, 110
Portrait of Seated Man, Vienna, 78, 81–82
Portrait of a Young Woman with a Fan, New York, 1, 99, 103, 110
Sampling Officials of the Drapers’ Guild (The Syndics), Amsterdam, 103–104, 256
Self-Portrait as Zeuxis, Cologne, 102, 104–105
Three Crosses, drypoint, 167
Rembrandt van Rijn, workshop, Portrait of a Woman, Vienna, 82
Remonstrant controversy, 230–36, 242–44
Amsterdam, 218, 236
Adriaan Smout and, 236
Adriaen Pauw and, 236, 245
Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange and, 236
Jan van Vlooswijck and, 243
Rem Egbertsz. Bisschop, plundering house of, 233
Remonstrant Church, plundering of in 1616, 233–35, 235
riot of 1626, 234
Franciscus Gomarus and, 231
Jacobus Arminius and, 231
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and, 178, 200
Maurits, Prince of Orange and, 230
Scherpe Resolutie of 1617, 233
William Temple on, 231
Remonstrants, 242
and neo-stoicism, 108
Revius, Jacobus, “Over-Ysselsche Sangen en Dichten,” 156
Reymold, John, Votivae Angliae, 131
Reynst, Gerrit and Jan, portrait collection, 2
Richard II, King of England, portrait of, 121
Riegl, Alois, 214–16, 222
Ripa, Cesare, Iconologia, 182, 191
Roe, Sir Thomas, 127
role portraits, 254
Rollenhagen, Gabriel, Nucleus emblematum, 134–35
van Roon, Nicolaes Pietersz., apprenticed to portrait painter, 13
Roos, Johna Heinrich, Portrait of a Couple, Münster, 139
Rosegaard, Jacomina, portrait of by Govaert Flinck, 15–16
Rosenberg, Jakob, 45–47
Rosencrans, Dirck, portrait in Company of by Cornelis Ketel, 215, 220, 221, 224
Rosseau, Jean-Jacques, Les confessions, 77–78
Rotgans, Lucas, portrait of in Company of Captain Cloeck by Thomas de Keyser, 240
royal portrait
and Salvador Mundi, 121
Rubens, Peter Paul
Death of Seneca, Munich, 87
Justus Lipsius with His Pupils, Florence, 87
Ruskin, John, 58
Rutgers, Anna, value of portrait of by Jurriaen Ovens, 20
Ruts, Nicolas, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 55
de Ruyter, Cornelia, portrait of by Hendrick Berckman, lost, 150
de Ruyter, Engel, 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 153
de Ruyter, Michiel Adriaenszoon de, 140–53, 157
and Cosimo III de Medici, 64, 152
house of on Prins Hendrikkade, 140–41, 148, 149–50
inventory of, 141–42
and Noortcaepse Compagnie, 148
and order of St. Michael, 152
portraits of, 64, 141, 150
of family of by Jurriaen Jacobson, 2, 117–18, 140–57, 143
by Ferdinand Bol, 153
by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, engraving after by Michiel Mousyn, 153
by Hendrick Berckman, 150, 151
by Hendrik Udemans, engraving, 150
portraits as gifts, 153
title of nobility, 153
Saenredam, Jan, after Hendrik Goltzius, Allegory of Visus, 39
Saenredam, Pieter, 55
Interior of the St. Bavokerk, Haarlem, London, 32
Interior of St. Odulphus, Assendelft, Amsterdam, 32
Saint Luke painting the Virgin, as painting subject, 49–50, 61
Salee
battle of and Michiel de Ruyter, 141
painting of harbor by Reiner Nooms, 141
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinium, 43
Salvador Mundi, and royal portraits, 121
Santvoort, Dirck Dircksz., Family of Dirck Jacobsz. Bas, Amsterdam, 1, 115, 116, 152
Scaliger, Joseph, 205
Schaep, Gerrit Pietersz, “Antiquarum seu patriciarum familiarum Amstelo-damensum,” 11, 155
Schagen, Gerrit, portrait of, 240
Schama, Simon, 55
Scherpe Resolutie of 1617, 233
Schick, Pieter, Portrait of a Princess (Sophia Hedwich?), 18
Schoockius, Martinus, Belgium Federatum, 154
van Schooten, Joris
Aelius Evarardus Vorstius, 14
Geertruydt Cornelis van Voorst, 14
Petronella van Vorst, 14
six civic guard portraits, Leiden, 18, 19
Schrevelius, Ewaldus, compared to Phoebus, 206
Schrevelius, Theodorus, portrait of by Frans Hals, 106
Schut, Pieter, engraving by, 179
schutters, see civic guard
Schwartz, Gary, 32, 46, 55, 104
Scipio Africanus, Publius Cornelis, on images of ancestors, 43
Continence of, subject
and marriage, 191–92
of painting, 2, 89, 98, 160, 182–204, 183, 185, 193, 195, 201, 206, 209
praised as model of character by
Gerard de Lairesse, 201–202
Karel van Mander, 200
Livy, 202
Valerius Maximus, 201
Scott, Thomas, 131–32
Vox Dei, 119, 131
Vox Populi, 137
Vox Regis, 131–32, 133, 137
Scriverius, Petrus, portrait of by Frans Hals, 68, 76
poem on portrait of Theodorus Schrevelius by Frans Hals, 106
Seclusion, Act of, 200
self and identity distinguished, 260, 261
self-control, value of in 17th-century Netherlandish culture, 200–202
self-knowledge, 79, 107
Calvin on, 110
and reason, 84–92, 96–101, 109–10
Senault, Jean Francois, “Apologie pour les Passon,” 108
Seneca, 84–88
“De Clementia,” 109
“De Providentia,” 108
images of, 87
Serlio, Sebastiano, Het eerste [-vijfde] boeck van de architecturen Sebastiani Serlij, 178, 179
Shanley, Mary, 135–36
Shetter, William, 91
Sibbes, Richard
Excellencie of the Gospell, 197
Exposition of St Paul to Philippians, 91–92
Sielen selfstrijdt, 190
sight
access to soul through, 29–30
Allegory of, 39
and Eucharist, 37, 62
extramission theory of, 29
interactive nature of, 38–44
intromission theory of, 29
Jean Calvin on importance of, 37
and material world, 35–38
secondary to hearing in Calvinism, 197–98
Simmel, Georg, 52
Six, Jan, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 93, 95, 96–97
Slichter, Wigbold and Elisabeth Spiegel as Paris and Venus, by Ferdinand Bol, 160
Slingelandt, Michiel Pompe van, portrait of by Jacob Gerritsz. Cuyp, 152
Slive, Seymour, 216, 226
Sluijter, Eric Jan, 159
Sluiter, Willem, Buiten-leven, 188–89
Smith, David, 55, 82
Smout, Adriaan, and Remonstrant controversy Amsterdam, 236
Snyders, Frans, 147
social identities, multiple, 251
social institutions, private, public and political elements of, 255–56
social structure, and voluntary organizations, 253
von Solms, Amalia, 138
compared to Esther, 205
compared to Venus by Joost van den Vondel, 206
with Frederik Hendrik and their children, portrait of, by Willem de Passe, 138
Solomon, Temple of, representations of, 179
Soolmans, Marten, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 83
Sophie of Hannover, on appearance of Henrietta Maria, 46
soul, relationship of to body, 61–62
speaking portrait, 42, 100
Spectator, London, 59
Spiegel, Elisabeth, and Wigbold Slicher as Paris and Venus, by Ferdinand Bol, 160
Spiegel, Henrik Laurensz, 59, 85
Spinoza, Ethica, 86
Stalpaert, Daniël, Amsterdam Admiralty storehouse, 141
state, rooted in the family, 113–17, 120, 191–92
Steen, Jan, Marriage of Tobias and Sarah, Braunschweig, 192
Stomer, Matthias, Death of Seneca, Naples, 87
Stradanus, Johannes, “Color Olivi,” 50, 51
Swalmius, Eleazar, etched portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 110
van Swanenburg, Isaac Claes, attributed to, Study for a Militia Company of Thirty-Eight men, Amsterdam, 224, 225
Swartenhout, Maria, portrait of by Nicolaes Eliasz., 81–82
Sweers, Vice-Admiral Isaac, portrait of, 141
van Swieten, Lords of, memorial board of, 115, 115
Sylvius, Jan Cornelisz., etched portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 4, 44, 45
Synod of Dort, Articles of, 195–96
on baptism, 177, 178
Taverne, E. R. M., 174
Taylor, Charles, on identity, 21, 24
Temple, William, Observations, 144–45, 154–55, 252
on Remonstrants, 231
Tengnagel, Jan, Company of Captain Gerrit Dircksz. van Beuningen, Amsterdam, 238, 239
van Thiel, P. J. J., 175
Tilly, Charles, 252
Titian
and court portrait, 79
Isabella d’Este, Vienna, 74
portraits of Charles V, 46
Titus, Arch of, 244
Tomyris and Cyrus, painting of, 142
Trajan, Column of, 197
tranquillitas, 78–93, 100, 226
Tremoille, Duchess de la, 126
Tromp, Maerten Harpertszoon, 145
portrait of, 64, 141
trompe-l’oeil effects, 212–14
tronie, 91
as term, 4–9
Tulp, Nicolaes
Anatomy lesson of, by Rembrandt van Rijn, 2, 78, 98, 100, 103–104, 107, 110, 257
oration on body and soul, 107
Tümpel, Christian, 181, 217
Turner, George, “A Collection…of Astrologie,” 66
Twelve Years’ Truce, 232
typology, and history, 196–97, 205–207, 210
Udemans, Hendrik, Michiel de Ruyter, engraving, 150
Union of Utrecht, 228
United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), on the family, 114
Uylenburch, Hendrick, arbitrates dispute over portrait cost, 16–17
Vair, Guillaume du, La pholosophie morale des Stoïques, 108
van Valckenborch, Lucas, Archduke Matthias as Scipio, Vienna, 186, 189, 189, 203
Archduke Matthias, Vienna, 186
van den Valckert, Werner
Arnoldus Bucchelius, visit to studio of, 160
books purchased at auction, 178
Caritas (?) with John the Baptist, Rijswijk, as history portrait, 172
Christ Blessing the Children with the Family of Michiel Poppen, Utrecht, history portrait, 2, 160, 162
“Lof-Dicht, ter eeren Sint Lucas,” 50
Michiel Poppen, private collection, 101, 104, 161–64
Self-portrait, etching, 74, 172, 173
title page to Karel van Mander, Het Schilderboek, 174
Valcooch, Dirck Andriaensz., Regel der Duytsche Schoolmeesters, 205
Valerius Maximus, 182, Factorum et dictorum memorabilium, 201
Vane, Sir Henry, on Amsterdam vroedschap, 235
van Veen, Otto, Artist Painting, with Family, Paris, 50
van der Veen, Jaap, 12, 20
Velázquez, Diego Rodriguez
and court portrait, 79
Philip IV of Spain, Vienna, 79, 87, 89
Surrender of Breda, Madrid, 244
van de Velde the Elder, Willem, paintings in collection of Rijckloff Volckertsz van Goens, 16
van de Venne, Adriaen
after, “Young Bride, the Painter and her Admirer,” 52, 53, 71
after, “Aged Helen of Troy,” 71, 73
Allegory of the Twelve Years’ Truce, 135
“Zeeusche Mey-Clacht,” 38–39, 39
Zeeusche Nachtegael, 38–39, 39
Venus and Adonis, painting of, 142
van de Venne, Pieter Lucaszn., dispute with van der Helst over portrait cost, 17–18
Venetia Stanley as Prudence, by Anthony van Dyck, 194
Verboom, Reymbrandt Cornelisz., apprenticed to portrait painter, 13
Verhulst, Rombout, monument to Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, Amsterdam, 140
Verlat, Michiel Karel, Statue of Alva dragged through Antwerp, Antwerp, 31
Vermeer, Johannes, Allegory of Painting, Vienna, 50
Verspronck, Johannes, Portrait of Augustinus Alstenius Bloemert, 15
van Vianen, Adam, silver beaker, Amsterdam, 184, 184, 194, 202–203
viewer and portrait, 185, 191, 192–94
Vinck, Abraham, portraits of Hans Martens and Mayken Martens-Baccher, 14–15
Vinckboons, Philips, house for Ioan Poppen, 176
Vink, Egbert, Company of by Dirck Barnedsz., drawing, 243
Vinken, P. J., 46
Vischer, Christoph, Auslegung der Fünf Heubtstück, 169
Visscher, Anna Roemers, 206
Visscher, Claes Jansz., multi-generational family portrait of the House of Orange, engraving, 138
Visscher, Maria Tesselschade, letter to P. C. Hooft, 86
Visscher, Roemer, “Ick geeft haer weder,” Zinne-poppen, 42, 43
Vitruvius, book purchased by van den Valckert, 178
Vives, Juan Luis, De anima et vita, 66
de Vlaming van Oudshoorn, Pieter, and Amsterdam riot of 1626, 234
van Vliet, Willem, money owed to for portrait, 13
van Vlooswijck, Jan, 243
portrait in Company of by Nicolaes Eliasz., 245, 245
and Remonstrant controversy, 236, 245
Voetius, Gisbertus, 59
Pietate cum scientia coniugenda, 197
Vogelsangh, Jan
portrait in de Keyser, Company of Captain Cloeck, 18, 19, 240
portrait in inventory of, 240, 249
van Vollenhoven, Herman, Self-Portrait Painting, Amsterdam, 50
van den Vondel, Joost, 207, 209
Hierusalem verwoest, 86
Jeptha of offerbelofte, 206
Nederduitsche Dichtkunste, 96
poem on Amalia von Solms, 206
poem on battle of Fünen, 148
poem on Govaert Flinck’s Portrait of Rijckloff van Goens, 16
poem “On dissection of human body,” 107
poem on Prince Frederik Hendrik, 206
van Voorst, Geertruydt Cornelisdr., portrait of by Joris van Schooten, 14
van Vorst, Petronelia, portrait of by Joris van Schooten, 14
Vorstius, Aelius Evrardus, portrait of by Joris van Schooten, 14
de Vos, Cornelis, St. Norbert Receiving the Holy Vessels, Antwerp, as history portrait, 180
de Vos, Maerten
Apelles painting Campaspe, Antwerp, 50
Moses Showing Tablets of the Law to the Israelites, The Hague, 164
Vossius, Gerardus
De artis poeticae natura, 206
De cognitione sui libellus, 97–98
De quatour artibus popularibus, 40
Theologia gentilis, 57
de Vries, Jan, 10, 19
de Vries, Jo., 46
de Vries, Tjerck Hiddesz., portrait of, 141
waardgelders, 233
Wagenaar, Jan, 179
Walschaert, Hans, portrait of, 240
Ward, Samuel, A peace-offring to God, 38
Wassenburgh, Abraham, 18
Weber, Max, 89
van der Werff, Adriaen, Self-Portrait with Portrait of Wife, Amsterdam, 50
Westminster, Peace of, 200
van der Weyden, Rogier, Apelles painting Campaspe, Boston, 49
Wieringa, Nicolaas, Portrait of Princess Wilhelmina, 18
Wierix, Jan, Apelles painting Campaspe, 49
de Wildt, Gideon, portrait of, 147
Willem Frederik, Stadhouder of Friesland, 200
Willem I, Prince of Orange, 228
neo-stoic motto of, 89
Willem II, Prince of Orange, 205
and Amsterdam, 200–202
portrait of by Anthony van Dyck, 152
Willem III, Prince of Orange, 200, 203
van Wilmerdoncx, Abraham and wife Anna van Beaumont, double portrait of by Rembrandt (lost), 15, 20
van Winghe, Joos, Apelles painting Campaspe, Vienna, 49
Winnicott, D. W., 263
Wishnevsky, Rose, 159
Witsen, Cornelis, 146, 152
de Witt, Johan, 145, 146–47, 152, 153
de Witte, Johan, son-in-law of Michiel de Ruyter, 143, 148, 150, 152
portrait of by Hendrick Berckman, lost, 150
Witte Lam, flagship of Michiel de Ruyter, 141
Wolf, Ernest, self-object defined, 263
Wollheim, Richard, 192
Woltjer, J. J., 228
van der Woude, Ad, 10, 19
Wtenbogaert, Johannes, portrait of by Rembrandt van Rijn, 46–47, 55, 110
Wuyters, Jan Benningh, 176
Wuyters, Liefgen, 176
van Wyttenhorst, Willem Vincent, Baron
portrait of by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 15
portrait collection, 2
van der Zaen, Willem, 147–48
portrait of, 147–48, 149
Zoet, Jan, poem on battle of Fünen, 148
Zwingli, Ulrich, on portraits, 37, 62
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