Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1 The nature of biotechnology
- Chapter 2 Biomass: a biotechnology substrate?
- Chapter 3 Genetics and biotechnology
- Chapter 4 Bioprocess/fermentation technology
- Chapter 5 Enzyme technology
- Chapter 6 Biological fuel generation
- Chapter 7 Environmental biotechnology
- Chapter 8 Plant and forest biotechnology
- Chapter 9 Animal and insect biotechnology
- Chapter 10 Food and beverage biotechnology
- Chapter 11 Biotechnology and medicine
- Chapter 12 Stem cell biotechnology
- Chapter 13 Protection of biotechnological inventions
- Chapter 14 Safety in biotechnology
- Chapter 15 Public perception of biotechnology: genetic engineering – safety, social, moral and ethical considerations
- Chapter 16 Looking to the future
- Glossary
- Further reading
- Index
Chapter 11 - Biotechnology and medicine
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1 The nature of biotechnology
- Chapter 2 Biomass: a biotechnology substrate?
- Chapter 3 Genetics and biotechnology
- Chapter 4 Bioprocess/fermentation technology
- Chapter 5 Enzyme technology
- Chapter 6 Biological fuel generation
- Chapter 7 Environmental biotechnology
- Chapter 8 Plant and forest biotechnology
- Chapter 9 Animal and insect biotechnology
- Chapter 10 Food and beverage biotechnology
- Chapter 11 Biotechnology and medicine
- Chapter 12 Stem cell biotechnology
- Chapter 13 Protection of biotechnological inventions
- Chapter 14 Safety in biotechnology
- Chapter 15 Public perception of biotechnology: genetic engineering – safety, social, moral and ethical considerations
- Chapter 16 Looking to the future
- Glossary
- Further reading
- Index
Summary
Introduction
During the twentieth century there have been the greatest gains in health in most parts of the world due to dramatic reductions in infant mortality, eradication of life-threatening diseases, such as smallpox, and considerable improvements in life expectancy in developing and industrialised countries. In the past, life for most people was coarse, lacking in adequate nutrition, poor housing and, above all, short in years. With the advent of improved sanitation and better living conditions, together with the availability of vaccinations and antibiotics, there has been, for many, a vast improvement in health status. However, health status still differs widely among nations and by geographical region. For instance, life expectancy is less than 50 years in some sub-Saharan African countries but over 75 in established industrialised countries. The wealthiest economies appear to be the healthiest. A crucial factor related to life expectancy is access to safe water! In much of the developing world, simply drinking water is a high-risk exposure.
Undoubtedly, the real gains in health over the last century can be attributed mainly to the impact of public health and disease prevention rather than to medical interventions. Public health can be primarily distinguished from clinical medicine by placing emphasis on the prevention of disease rather than the curing, and having a main focus on populations and communities rather than the individual patient. It is essential to continue to develop a public health approach that will protect populations and create prevention strategies for groups and not just for individuals.
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- Information
- Biotechnology , pp. 190 - 210Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009