Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T10:43:39.983Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Individual Disorders and Clusters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2020

Carl W. Lejuez
Affiliation:
University of Kansas
Kim L. Gratz
Affiliation:
University of Toledo, Ohio
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Abi-Dargham, A., Kegeles, L. S., Zea-Ponce, Y., Mawlawi, O., Martinez, D. Mitropoulou, V., … Siever, L. J. (2004). Striatal amphetamine-induced dopamine release in patients with schizotypal personality disorder studied with single photon emission computed tomography and [123I]iodobenzamide. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 10011006.Google Scholar
Allen, T. A., & DeYoung, C. G. (2017). Personality neuroscience and the Five Factor Model. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 319349). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., & Roth, L. H. (1999). Dimensional approach to delusions: Comparison across types and diagnoses. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 19381943.Google Scholar
Asami, T., Whitford, T. J., Bouix, S., Dickey, C. C., Niznikiewicz, M., Shenton, M. E., … McCarley, R. W. (2013). Globally and locally reduced MRI gray matter volumes in neuroleptic-naive men with schizotypal personality disorder: Association with negative symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 361372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baas, M., Nijstad, B. A., Boot, N. C., & De Dreu, C. K. W. (2016). Mad genius revisited: Vulnerability to psychopathology, biobehavioral approach-avoidance, and creativity. Psychological Bulletin, 142, 668692.Google Scholar
Bartak, A., Andrea, H., Spreeuwenberg, M. D., Thunnissen, M., Ziegler, U. M., Dekker, J., … Emmelkamp, P. M. (2011). Patients with Cluster A personality disorders in psychotherapy: An effectiveness study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 80, 8899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, T. M., Cicero, D. C., Cowan, N., & Kerns, J. G. (2012). Cognitive control components and speech symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 196, 2026Google Scholar
Bergman, A. J., Silverman, J. M., Harvey, P. D., Smith, C. J., & Siever, L. J. (2000). Schizotypal symptoms in the relatives of schizophrenia patients: An empirical analysis of the factor structure. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 577586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Botvinick, M., & Cohen, J. (1998). Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see. Nature, 391, 756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowie, C. R., McGurk, S. R., Mausbach, B., Patterson, T. L., & Harvey, P. D. (2012). Combined cognitive remediation and functional skills training for schizophrenia: Effects on cognition, functional competence, and real-world behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 710718.Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P., Kwapil, T. R., Eckblad, M., & Zinser, M. C. (1994). Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 171183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chemerinski, E., Byne, W., Kolaitis, J. C., Glanton, C. F., Canfield, E. L., Newmark, R. E., … Hazlett, E. A. (2013). Larger putamen size in antipsychotic-naïve individuals with schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 143, 158164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chemerinski, E., Triebwasser, J., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2013). Schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 652679.Google Scholar
Chmielewski, M., Bagby, R. M., Markon, K., Ring, A. J., & Ryder, A.G. (2014). Openness to experience, intellect, schizotypal personality disorder, and psychoticism: Resolving the controversy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 483489.Google Scholar
Chmielewski, M., & Watson, D. (2008). The heterogeneous structure of schizotypal personality disorder: Item-level factors of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and their associations with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, dissociative tendencies, and normal personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 364376.Google Scholar
Chun, C. A., Minor, K. S., & Cohen, A. S. (2013). Neurocognition in psychometrically defined college schizotypy samples: We are not measuring the “right stuff.” Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 19, 324337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cicero, D. C., & Kerns, J. G. (2010). Can disorganized and positive schizotypy be discriminated from dissociation? Journal of Personality, 78, 12391270.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. S., Emmerson, L. C., Mann, M. C., Forbes, C. B., & Blanchard, J. J. (2010). Schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid characteristics in the biological parents of social anhedonics. Psychiatry Research, 178, 7983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, L. M., Blanchard, J. J., & Biondo, K. M. (2005). Behavioral signs of schizoidia and schizotypy in social anhedonics. Schizophrenia Research, 78, 309322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2017). The conceptualization and assessment of schizotypal traits: A comparison of the FFSI and PID-5. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 606623.Google Scholar
Czajkowski, N., Aggen, S. H., Krueger, R., F., Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., Knudsen, G. P., … Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2018). A twin study of normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorder criterion counts: Evidence for separate genetic influences. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 649656.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeYoung, C. G., Carey, B. E., Krueger, R. F., & Ross, S. R. (2016). Ten aspects of the Big Five in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Personality Disorders, 7, 113123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeYoung, C. G., Grazioplene, R. G., & Peterson, J. B. (2012). From madness to genius: The Openness/Intellect trait domain as a paradoxical simplex. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 6378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickey, C. C., McCarley, R. W., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Voglmaier, M. M., Seidman, L. J., Kim, S., & Shenton, M. E. (2005). Clinical, cognitive, and social characteristics of a sample of neuroleptic-naive persons with schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 78, 297308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickey, C. C., Morocz, I. A., Minney, D., Niznikiewicz, M. A., Voglmaier, M. M., Panych, L. P., … McCarley, R. W. (2010). Factors in sensory processing of prosody in schizotypal personality disorder: An fMRI experiment. Schizophrenia Research, 121, 7589.Google Scholar
Dickey, C. C., Vu, M. A., Voglmaier, M. M., Niznikiewicz, M. A., McCarley, R. W. & Panych, L. P. (2012). Prosodic abnormalities in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 142, 2030.Google Scholar
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Turner, B. J., & Chapman, A. L. (2011). Psychotherapy for personality disorders. International Review of Psychiatry, 23, 282302.Google Scholar
Docherty, A. R., Moscati, A., Dick, D., Savage, J. E., Salvatore, J. E., Cooke, M., … Kendler, K. S. (2018). Polygenic prediction of the phenome, across ancestry, in emerging adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 48, 18141823.Google Scholar
Duncan, L. E., Shen, H., Ballon, J. S., Hardy, K. V., Noordsy, D. L., & Levinson, D. F. (2018). Genetic correlation profile of schizophrenia mirrors epidemiological results and suggests link between polygenic and rare variant (22q11.2) cases of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44, 13501361.Google Scholar
Esterberg, M. L., Goulding, S. M., & Walker, E. F. (2010). A personality disorders: Schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 515528.Google Scholar
Esterberg, M. L., Ousley, O. Y., Cubells, J. F., & Walker, E. F. (2013). Prodromal and autistic symptoms in schizotypal personality disorder and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 238249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falkum, E., Pedersen, G., & Karterud, S. (2009). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, paranoid personality disorder diagnosis: A unitary or a two-dimensional construct? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50, 533541.Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Debbané, M., Ortuno-Sierra, J.Chan, R. C. K.Cicero, D. C., Zhang, L. C., … Jablensky, A. (2018). The structure of schizotypal personality traits: A cross-national study. Psychological Medicine, 48, 451462.Google Scholar
Forbes, M. K., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C. J., Watson, D., Zimmerman, M., & Krueger, R. F. (2017). Delineating the joint hierarchical structure of clinical and personality disorders in an outpatient psychiatric sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 79, 1930.Google Scholar
Gard, D. E., Sanchez, A. H., Cooper, K., Fisher, M., Garrett, C., & Vinogradov, S. (2014). Do people with schizophrenia have difficulty anticipating pleasure, engaging in effortful behavior, or both? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 771782.Google Scholar
Gillespie, N. A., Aggen, S. H., Neale, M. C., Knudsen, G. P., Krueger, R. F., South, S. C., … Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2018). Associations between personality disorders and cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: A population-based twin study. Addiction, 113, 14881498.Google Scholar
Gooding, D. C., Coleman, M. J., Roberts, S. A., Shenton, M. E., Levy, D. L., & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (2012). Thought disorder in offspring of schizophrenic parents: Findings from the New York High-Risk Project. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38, 263271.Google Scholar
Gooding, D. C., Ott, S. L., Roberts, S. A., & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (2013). Thought disorder in mid-childhood as a predictor of adulthood diagnostic outcome: Findings from the New York High-Risk Project. Psychological Medicine, 43, 10031012.Google Scholar
Gottesman, I. I., Laursen, T. M., Bertelsen, A., & Mortensen, P. B. (2010). Severe mental disorders in offspring with 2 psychiatrically ill parents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67, 252257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, P. M., Huh, G. A., Perivoliotis, D., Stolar, N. M., & Beck, A. T. (2012). Randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive therapy for low-functioning patients with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 121127.Google Scholar
Haigler, E. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Experimental manipulation of NEO PI-R items. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 339358.Google Scholar
Hatzimanolis, A., Avramopoulos, D., Arking, D. E., Moes, A., Bhatnagar, P., Lencz, T., … Stefanis, N. C. (2018). Stress-dependent association between polygenic risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal traits in young army recruits. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44, 338347.Google Scholar
Hazlett, E. A., Lamade, R. V., Graff, F. S., McClure, M. M., Kolaitis, J. C., Goldstein, K. E., … Moshier, E. (2014). Visual-spatial working memory performance and temporal gray matter volume predict schizotypal personality disorder group membership. Schizophrenia Research, 152, 350357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hjorthøj, C., Albert, N., & Nordentoft, M. (2018). Association of substance use disorders with conversion from schizotypal disorder to schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 733739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horan, W. P., Reise, S. P., Subotnik, K. L., Ventura, J., & Nuechterlein, K. H. (2008). The validity of Psychosis Proneness Scales as vulnerability indicators in recent-onset schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research, 100, 224236.Google Scholar
Howes, O. D., McCutcheon, R., Owen, M. J., & Murray, R. M. (2017). The role of genes, stress, and dopamine in the development of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 81, 920.Google Scholar
Huang, Y., Kotov, R., de Girolamo, G., Preti, A., Angermeyer, M., Benjet, C., … Kessler, R. C. (2009). DSM-IV personality disorders in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 4653.Google Scholar
Ivleva, E. I., Bidesi, A. S., Keshavan, M. S., Pearlson, G. D., Meda, S. A., Dodig, D., … Tamminga, C. A. (2013). Gray matter volume as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP). American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 12851296.Google Scholar
Jakobsen, K. D., Skyum, E., Hashemi, N., Schjerning, O., Fink-Jensen, A., & Nielsen, J. (2017). Antipsychotic treatment of schizotypy and schizotypal personality disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 31, 397405.Google Scholar
Jones, H. J., Stergiakouli, E., Tansey, K. E., Hubbard, L., Heron, J., Cannon, M., … Zammit, S. (2016). Phenotypic manifestation of genetic risk for schizophrenia during adolescence in the general population. JAMA Psychiatry, 73, 221228.Google Scholar
Kane, M. J., Meier, M. E., Smeekens, B. A., Gross, G. M., Chun, C. A., Silvia, P. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (2016). Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 10171048.Google Scholar
Kaufman, S. B., DeYoung, C. G., Gray, J. R., Jiménez, L., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, N. (2010). Implicit learning as an ability. Cognition, 116, 321340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelleher, I., Keeley, H., Corcoran, P., Ramsay, H., Wasserman, C., Carli, V., … Cannon, M. (2013). Childhood trauma and psychosis in a prospective cohort study: Cause, effect, and directionality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 734741.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Czajkowski, N., Tambs, K., Torgersen, S., Aggen, S. H., Neale, M. C., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2006) Dimensional representations of DSM-IV Cluster A personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: A multivariate study. Psychological Medicine, 36, 15831591.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Gallagher, T. J., Abelson, J. M., & Kessler, R. C. (1996). Lifetime prevalence, demographic risk factors, and diagnostic validity of nonaffective psychosis as assessed in a US community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 10221031.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Lieberman, J. A., & Walsh, D. (1989). The Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS): A preliminary report. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 15, 559571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendler, K. S., McGuire, M., Gruenberg, A. M., & Walsh, D. (1995) Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study: Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 296303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kendler, K. S., Ohlsson, H., Mezuk, B., Sundquist, J. O., & Sundquist, K. (2016). Observed cognitive performance and deviation from familial cognitive aptitude at age 16 years and ages 18 to 20 years and risk for schizophrenia and bipolar illness in a Swedish national sample. JAMA Psychiatry, 73, 465471.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., & Walsh, D. (1995). Schizotypal personality disorder in parents and the risk for schizophrenia in siblings. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21, 4752.Google Scholar
Koch, J., Modesitt, T., Palmer, M., Ward, S., Martin, B., Wyatt, R., & Thomas, C. (2016). Review of pharmacologic treatment in Cluster A personality disorders. Mental Health Clinician, 6, 7581.Google Scholar
Koo, M. S., Dickey, C. C., Park, H.-J., Kubicki, M., Young Ji, N., Bouix, S., … McCarley, R. W. (2006). Smaller neocortical gray matter and larger sulcal cerebrospinal fluid volumes in neuroleptic-naive women with schizotypal personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 10901100.Google Scholar
Koo, M. S., Levitt, J. J., McCarley, R. W., Seidman, L. J., Dickey, C. C., Niznikiewicz, M. A., … Shenton, M. E. (2006). Reduction of caudate nucleus volumes in neuroleptic-naïve female subjects with schizotypal personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 4048.Google Scholar
Kosson, D. S., Blackburn, R., Byrnes, K. A., Park, S., Logan, C., & Donnelly, J. P. (2008). Assessing interpersonal aspects of schizoid personality disorder: Preliminary validation studies. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 185196.Google Scholar
Kring, A. M., Gur, R. E., Blanchard, J. J., Horan, W. P., & Reise, S. P. (2013). The Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): Final development and validation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 165172.Google Scholar
Kwapil, T. R., Gross, G. M., Silvia, P. J., & Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2013). Prediction of psychopathology and functional impairment by positive and negative schizotypy in the Chapmans’ ten-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 807815.Google Scholar
Kyaga, S., Lichtenstein, P., Boman, N., Hultman, C., Långström, N., & Landén, M. (2011). Creativity and mental disorder: Family study of 300,000 people with severe mental disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 199, 373379.Google Scholar
Laruelle, M., Abi-Dargham, A., Gil, R., Kegeles, L., & Innis, R. (1999). Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: Relationship to illness phases. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 5672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lener, M. S., Wong, E., Tang, C. Y., Byne, W., Goldstein, K. E., Blair, N. J., … Hazlett, E. A. (2015). White matter abnormalities in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41, 300310.Google Scholar
Lenggenhager, B., Tadi, T., Metzinger, T., & Blanke, O. (2007). Video ergo sum: Manipulating bodily self-consciousness. Science, 317, 10961099.Google Scholar
Lentz, V., Robinson, J., & Bolton, J. M. (2010). Childhood adversity, mental disorder comorbidity, and suicidal behavior in schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198, 795801.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (1999). Deeper into the schizotypy taxon: On the robust nature of maximum covariance analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 182187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenzenweger, M. F. (2018). Schizotypy, schizotypic psychopathology and schizophrenia. World Psychiatry, 17, 2526.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 553564.Google Scholar
Leung, W. M., Couture, S. M., Blanchard, J. J., Lin, S., & Llerena, K. (2010). Is social anhedonia related to emotional responsivity and expressivity? A laboratory study in women. Schizophrenia Research, 124, 6673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linscott, R. J., Morton, S. E., & GROUP (Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis) Investigators (2018). The latent taxonicity of schizotypy in biological siblings of probands with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44, 922932.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Llerena, K., Park, S. G., Couture, S. M., & Blanchard, J. J. (2012). Social anhedonia and affiliation: Examining behavior and subjective reactions within a social interaction. Psychiatry Research, 200, 679686.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lo, M., Hinds, D. A., Tung, J. Y., Franz, C., Fan, C.-C., Wang, Y., … Chen, C. H. (2017). Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders. Nature Genetics, 49, 152156.Google Scholar
Longden, E., Madill, A., & Waterman, M. G. (2012). Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: Toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing. Psychological Bulletin, 138, 2876.Google Scholar
Lyssenko, L., Schmahl, C., Bockhacker, L., Vonderlin, R., Bohus, M., & Kleindienst, N. (2018). Dissociation in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis of studies using the dissociative experiences scale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 3746.Google Scholar
MacCabe, J. H., Sariaslan, A., Almqvist, C., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & Kyaga, S. (2018). Artistic creativity and risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression: A Swedish population-based case-control study and sib-pair analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 212, 370376.Google Scholar
Maróthi, R., & Kéri, S. (2018). Enhanced mental imagery and intact perceptual organization in schizotypal personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 259, 433438.Google Scholar
McClure, M. M., Flory, J. D., Barch, D. M., Harvey, P. D., & Siever, L. J. (2008). Context processing in schizotypal personality disorder: Evidence of specificity of impairment to the schizophrenia spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 342354.Google Scholar
McClure, M. M., Harvey, P. D., Bowie, C. R., Iacoviello, B., & Siever, L. J. (2013). Functional outcomes, functional capacity, and cognitive impairment in schizotypal personality disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 144, 146150.Google Scholar
McGurk, S. R., Mueser, K. T., Mischel, R., Adams, R., Harvey, P. D., McClure, M. M., … Siever, L. J. (2013). Vocational functioning in schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders. Psychiatry Research, 210, 498504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medalia, A., Thysen, J., & Freilich, B. (2008). Do people with schizophrenia who have objective cognitive impairment identify cognitive deficits on a self report measure? Schizophrenia Research, 105, 156164.Google Scholar
Mittal, V. A., Tessner, K. D., McMillan, A. L., Delawalla, Z., Trotman, H. D., & Walker, E. F. (2006). Gesture behavior in unmedicated schizotypal adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 351358.Google Scholar
Moorman, E. L., & Samuel, D. B. (2018). Representing schizotypal thinking with dimensional traits: A case for the Five Factor Schizotypal Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 30, 1930.Google Scholar
Moran, E. K., Culbreth, A. J., & Barch, D. M. (2017). Ecological momentary assessment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Relationships to effort-based decision making and reinforcement learning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 96105.Google Scholar
Moritz, S., Veckenstedt, R., Andreou, C., Bohn, F., Hottenrott, B., Leighton, L., … Roesch-Ely, D. (2014). Sustained and “sleeper” effects of group metacognitive training for schizophrenia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 11031011.Google Scholar
Mote, J., Stuart, B. K., & Kring, A. M. (2014). Diminished emotion expressivity but not experience in men and women with schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 796801.Google Scholar
Munafò, M. R., Tilling, K., Taylor, A. E., Evans, D. M., & Davey Smith, G. (2018). Collider scope: When selection bias can substantially influence observed associations. International Journal of Epidemiology, 47, 226235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohi, K., Shimada, T., Nitta, Y., Kihara, H., Okubo, H., Uehara, T., & Kawasaki, Y. (2016). The Five-Factor Model personality traits in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 240, 3441.Google Scholar
Pain, O., Dudbridge, F., Cardno, A. G., Freeman, D., Lu, Y., Lundstrom, S., … Ronald, A. (2018). Genome-wide analysis of adolescent psychotic-like experiences shows genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 177, 416425.Google Scholar
Power, R. A., Steinberg, S., Rietveld, C. A., Abdellaoui, A., Nivard, M. M., Johannesson, M., … Stefansson, K. (2015). Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder predict creativity. Nature Neuroscience, 18, 953955.Google Scholar
Quirk, S. E., Berk, M., Chanen, A. M., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Brennan-Olsen, S. L., Pasco, J. A., & Williams, L. J. (2016). Population prevalence of personality disorder and associations with physical health comorbidities and health care service utilization: A review. Personality Disorders, 7, 136146.Google Scholar
Raine, A. (1991). The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, 555564.Google Scholar
Raine, A. (2006). Schizotypal personality: Neurodevelopmental and psychosocial trajectories. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 291326.Google Scholar
Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Krueger, R. F., Ystrom, E., Torvik, F. A., Rosenström, T. H., Aggen, S. H., … Czajkowski, N. O. (2017). Do DSM-5 Section II personality disorders and Section III personality trait domains reflect the same genetic and environmental risk factors? Psychological Medicine, 47, 22052215.Google Scholar
Rietkerk, T., Boks, M. P., Sommer, I. E., Liddle, P. F., Ophoff, R. A., & Kahn, R. S. (2008). The genetics of symptom dimensions of schizophrenia: Review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 102, 197205.Google Scholar
Risen, J. L. (2016). Believing what we do not believe: Acquiescence to superstitious beliefs and other powerful intuitions. Psychological Review, 123, 182207.Google Scholar
Ronald, A., & Pain, O. (2018). A systematic review of genome-wide research on psychotic experiences and negative symptom traits: New revelations and implications for psychiatry. Human Molecular Genetics, 27(R2), R136R152.Google Scholar
Rosell, D. R., Futterman, S. E., McMaster, A., & Siever, L. J. (2014). Schizotypal personality disorder: A current review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16, 452.Google Scholar
Rosell, D. R., Zaluda, L. C., McClure, M. M., Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., Sloan Strike, K., Barch, D. M., … Siever, L. J. (2015). Effects of the D1 dopamine receptor agonist dihydrexidine (DAR-0100A) on working memory in schizotypal personality disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 40, 446453.Google Scholar
Ross, R. M., McKay, R., Coltheart, M., & Langdon, R. (2015). Jumping to conclusions about the beads task? A meta-analysis of delusional ideation and data-gathering. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41, 11831191.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 13261342.Google Scholar
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature, 511, 421427.Google Scholar
Seidman, L. J., Shapiro, D. I., Woodberry, K. A., Ronzio, A., Cornblatt, B. A., Addington, J., … Woods, S. W. (2016). Association of neurocognition with transition to psychosis: Baseline functioning in the second phase of the North American prodrome longitudinal study. JAMA Psychiatry, 73, 12391248.Google Scholar
Siddi, S., Petretto, D. R., & Preti, A. (2017). Neuropsychological correlates of schizotypy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 22, 186212.Google Scholar
Siever, L. J., & Davis, K. L. (2004). The pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorders: Perspectives from the spectrum. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 398413.Google Scholar
Smeland, O. B., Wang, Y., Lo, M.-T., Li, W., Frei, O., Witoelar, A., … Andreassen, O. A. (2017). Identification of genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits. Scientific Reports, 7, 2222.Google Scholar
So, S. H., Peters, E. R., Swendsen, J., Garety, P. A., & Kapur, S. (2014). Changes in delusions in the early phase of antipsychotic treatment: An experience sampling study. Psychiatry Research, 215, 568573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Gibbon, M. (1979). Crossing the border into borderline personality and borderline schizophrenia: The development of criteria. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 1724.Google Scholar
Stone, M. (1985). Schizotypal personality: Psychotherapeutic aspects. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 11, 576589.Google Scholar
Strauss, G. P., & Cohen, A. S. (2017). A transdiagnostic review of negative symptom phenomenology and etiology. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43, 712719.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutin, A. R. (2017). Openness. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model (pp. 83104). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tandon, R., Nasrallah, H. A., & Keshavan, M. S. (2009). Schizophrenia, “just the facts” 4. Clinical features and conceptualization. Schizophrenia Research, 110, 123.Google Scholar
Tarbox, S. I., Almasy, L., Gur, R. E., Nimgaonkar, V. L., & Pogue-Geile, M. F. (2012). The nature of schizotypy among multigenerational multiplex schizophrenia families. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 396406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tarbox, S. I., & Pogue-Geile, M. F. (2011). A multivariate perspective on schizotypy and familial association with schizophrenia: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 11691182.Google Scholar
Thompson, J. L., Rosell, D. R., Slifstein, M., Girgis, R. R., Xu, X., Ehrlich, Y., … Siever, L. J. (2014). Prefrontal dopamine D1 receptors and working memory in schizotypal personality disorder: A PET study with [11C]NNC112. Psychopharmacology, 231, 42314240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toftdahl, N. G., Nordentoft, M., & Hjorthøj, C. (2016). Prevalence of substance use disorders in psychiatric patients: A nationwide Danish population-based study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51, 129140.Google Scholar
Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2012). Schizoid personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 919926.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2013). Paranoid personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 27, 795805.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Os, J., van der Steen, Y., Islam, M. A., Gülöksüz, S., Rutten, B. P., Simons, C. J., & GROUP Investigators (2017). Evidence that polygenic risk for psychotic disorder is expressed in the domain of neurodevelopment, emotion regulation and attribution of salience. Psychological Medicine, 47, 24212437.Google Scholar
Velikonja, T., Fisher, H. L., Mason, O., & Johnson, S. (2015). Childhood trauma and schizotypy: A systematic literature review. Psychological Medicine, 45, 947963.Google Scholar
Verbeke, L., De Clercq, B., Van der Heijden, P., Hutsebaut, J., & van Aken, M. A. (2017). The relevance of schizotypal traits for understanding interpersonal functioning in adolescents with psychiatric problems. Personality Disorders, 8, 5463.Google Scholar
Waters, F., Blom, J. D., Jardri, R., Hugdahl, K., & Sommer, I. E. C. (2018). Auditory hallucinations, not necessarily a hallmark of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 48, 529536.Google Scholar
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Chmielewski, M. (2008). Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology: II. Further articulation of a comprehensive unified trait structure. Journal of Personality, 76, 15451586.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Crego, C., Rojas, S. L., & Oltmanns, J. R. (2018). Basic personality model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 1822.Google Scholar
Zammit, S., Hamshere, M., Dwyer, S., Georgiva, L., Timpson, N., Moskvina, V., … O’Donovan, M. C. (2014) A population-based study of genetic variation and psychotic experiences in adolescents. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40, 12541262.Google Scholar
Zhang, T., Wang, D., Zhang, Q., Wu, J., Lv, J., & Shi, L. (2017). Supervoxel-based statistical analysis of diffusion tensor imaging in schizotypal personality disorder. NeuroImage, 163, 368378.Google Scholar

References

Arnedo, J., Svrakic, D., del Val, C., Romero-Zaliz, R., Hernandez-Cuervo, H., Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Consortium, … Zwir, I.(2015). Uncovering the hidden risk architecture of the schizophrenias: Confirmation in three independent genome-wide association studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172 , 139153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bigdeli, T. B., Bacanu, S. A., Webb, B. T., Walsh, D., O’Neill, F. A., Fanous, A. H., … Kendler, K. S. (2014). Molecular validation of the schizophrenia spectrum. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40, 6065.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Claridge, G. (Ed.) (1997). Schizotypy: Implications for Illness and Health. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, R. H., & Lenzenweger, M. F. (1984). Symptoms and the genetics of schizophrenia: Implications for diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 15411546.Google ScholarPubMed
Fanous, A. H., Neale, M. C., Gardner, C. O., Webb, B. T., Straub, R. E., O’Neill, F. A., … Kendler, K. S. (2007). Significant correlation in linkage signals from genome-wide scans of schizophrenia and schizotypy. Molecular Psychiatry, 12 , 958965.Google Scholar
Fusar-Poli, P., Borgwardt, S., Bechdolf, A., Addington, J., Riecher-Rössler, A., Schultze-Lutter, F., … Yung, A. (2013). The psychosis high-risk state: A comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 107120.Google Scholar
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003). The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 636645.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S. (2015). A joint history of the nature of genetic variation and the nature of schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 20, 7783.Google Scholar
Kety, S. S., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P. H., & Schulsinger, F. (1968). The types and prevalence of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 6, 345362.Google Scholar
Kety, S. S., Wender, P. H., Jacobsen, B., Ingraham, L. J., Jansson, L., Faber, B., & Kinney, D. K. (1994). Mental illness in the biological and adoptive relatives of schizophrenic adoptees: Replication of the Copenhagen Study in the rest of Denmark. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 442455.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (1994). The psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: An update. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 121135.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (1998). Schizotypy and schizotypic psychopathology: Mapping an alternative expression of schizophrenia liability. In Lenzenweger, M. F. & Dworkin, R. H. (Eds.), Origins and Development of Schizophrenia: Advances in Experimental Psychopathology (pp. 93121). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (2006). Schizotypy: An organizing framework for schizophrenia research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 162166.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (2010). Schizotypy and Schizophrenia: The View from Experimental Psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (2015). Schizotypic psychopathology: Theory, evidence, and future directions. In Blaney, P. H., Millon, T., & Krueger, R. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 729767). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (2018). Schizotypy, schizotypic psychopathology, and schizophrenia: Understanding the nature, basis, and manifestation of the schizophrenia spectrum. In Butcher, J., Hooley, J. M., & Kendall, P. (Eds.), American Psychological Association Handbook of Psychopathology (pp. 343373). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., & Depue, R.A. (2016). Toward a developmental psychopathology of personality disturbance: A neurobehavioral dimensional model incorporating genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. In Cicchetti, D. (Ed.), Developmental Psychopathology, Volume 3: Maladaptation and Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 10791110). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., & Loranger, A. W. (1989). Detection of familial schizophrenia using a psychometric measure of schizotypy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 902907.Google Scholar
Meehl, P. E. (1962). Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 17, 827838.Google Scholar
Meehl, P. E. (1990). Toward an integrated theory of schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4, 199.Google Scholar
Rawlings, D., Williams, B., Haslam, N., & Claridge, G. (2008). Taxometric analysis supports a dimensional latent structure for schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 16401651.Google Scholar
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature, 511, 421427.Google Scholar
Strauss, G. P., & Cohen, A. S. (2018). The schizophrenia spectrum anhedonia paradox. World Psychiatry, 17, 221222.Google Scholar

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Barbato, A. (1998). Schizophrenia and Public Health. World Health Organization: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse.Google Scholar
Ben-Zeev, D., Ellington, K., Swendsen, J., & Granholm, E. (2011). Examining a cognitive model of persecutory ideation in the daily life of people with schizophrenia: A computerized experience sampling study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37(6), 12481256.Google Scholar
Bollini, A. M., & Walker, E. F. (2007). Schizotypal personality disorder. In O’Donohue, W., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (Eds.), Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V (pp. 81108). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chmielewski, M., Bagby, R. M., Markon, K., Ring, A. J., & Ryder, A.G. (2014). Openness to experience, intellect, schizotypal personality disorder, and psychoticism: Resolving the controversy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 483489.Google Scholar
Chmielewski, M., Clark, L. A., Bagby, R. M., & Watson, D. (2015). Method matters: Understanding diagnostic reliability in DSM-IV and DSM-5. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(3), 764769.Google Scholar
Chun, C. A., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Sheinbaum, T., & Kwapil, T. R. (2017). Expression of schizophrenia-spectrum personality traits in daily life. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8(1), 6474.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. S. (2019). Advancing ambulatory biobehavioral technologies beyond “proof of concept”: Introduction to the special sectionPsychological Assessment, 31(3), 277284.Google Scholar
Cohen, A. S., Chan, R. C., & Debbané, M. (2018). Crossing boundaries in schizotypy research: An introduction to the special supplement. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(Suppl. 2), S457S459.Google Scholar
Cuthbert, B. N., & Insel, T. R. (2013). Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: The seven pillars of RDoC. BMC Medicine, 11, 126.Google Scholar
Docherty, A. R., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Debbané, M., Chan, R. C. K., Linscott, R. J., Jonas, K. G., … Cohen, A. S. (2018). Enhancing psychosis-spectrum nosology through an international data sharing initiative. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(Suppl. 2), S460S467.Google Scholar
Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Chan, R. C. K., Debbané, M., Cicero, D., Zhang, L. C., Brenner, C., … Ortuño-Sierra, J. (2018). Comparisons of schizotypal traits across 12 countries: Results from the International Consortium for Schizotypy Research. Schizophrenia Research, 199, 128134.Google Scholar
Ford, J. M., Morris, S. E., Hoffman, R. E., Sommer, I., Waters, F., McCarthy-Jones, S., … Cuthbert, B. N. (2014). Studying hallucinations within the NIMH RDoC framework. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(Suppl. 4), S295S304.Google Scholar
Harrow, M., Jobe, T. H., & Faull, R. N. (2012). Do all schizophrenia patients need antipsychotic treatment continuously throughout their lifetime? A 20-year longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 42(10), 21452155.Google Scholar
Insel, T. R. (2010). Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature, 468(7321), 187193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insel, T. R. (2017). Digital phenotyping: Technology for a new science of behavior. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 318(13), 12151216.Google Scholar
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., … Wang, P. (2010). Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(7), 748751.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., McGuire, M., Gruenberg, A. M., & Walsh, D. (1995) Schizotypal symptoms and signs in the Roscommon Family Study: Their factor structure and familial relationship with psychotic and affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 296303.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., & Walsh, D. (1995). Evaluating the spectrum concept of schizophrenia in the Roscommon Family Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(5), 749754.Google Scholar
Kirchner, S. K., Roeh, A., Nolden, J., & Hasan, A. (2018). Diagnosis and treatment of schizotypal personality disorder: Evidence from a systematic review. NPJ Schizophrenia, 4(1), 20.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Kotov, R., Watson, D., Forbes, M. K., Eaton, N. R., Ruggero, C. J., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 17, 282293.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F. (2006). Schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia: Paul E. Meehl’s blueprint for the experimental psychopathology and genetics of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 195200.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175215.Google Scholar
Strauss, G. P., & Cohen, A. S. (2017). A transdiagnostic review of negative symptom phenomenology and etiology. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43, 712719.Google Scholar
Swendsen, J., Ben-Zeev, D., & Granholm, E. (2011). Real-time electronic ambulatory monitoring of substance use and symptom expression in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(2), 202209.Google Scholar
Torous, J., Onnela, J. P., & Keshavan, M. (2017). New dimensions and new tools to realize the potential of RDoC: Digital phenotyping via smartphones and connected devices. Translational Psychiatry, 7, e1053.Google Scholar
Weinberger, D. R., Glick, I. D., & Klein, D. F. (2015). Whither research domain criteria (RDoC)? The good, the bad, and the ugly. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(12), 11611162.Google Scholar
Wittchen, H.-U., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2018). “Throwing out the baby with the bathwater”? Conceptual and methodological limitations of the HiTOP approach. World Psychiatry: Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 17(3), 298299.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., & Simms, L. J. (2016). Stability and fluctuation of personality disorder features in daily life. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 641656.Google Scholar

References

Cicero, D. C., Jonas, K. G., Li, K., Perlman, G., & Kotov, R. (in press). Common taxonomy of traits and symptoms: Linking schizophrenia symptoms, schizotypy, and normal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin.Google Scholar
Dudley, R., Taylor, P., Wickham, S., & Hutton, P. (2016). Psychosis, delusions and the “jumping to conclusions” reasoning bias: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42, 652665.Google Scholar
Kwapil, T. R. (1998). Social anhedonia as a predictor of the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 558565.Google Scholar
Risen, J. L. (2016). Believing what we do not believe: Acquiescence to superstitious beliefs and other powerful intuitions. Psychological Review, 123, 182207.Google Scholar
Triebwasser, J., Chemerinski, E., Roussos, P., & Siever, L. J. (2012). Schizoid personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26, 919926.Google Scholar

References

Amad, A., Ramoz, N., Thomas, P., Jardri, R., & Gorwood, P. (2014). Genetics of borderline personality disorder: Systematic review and proposal of an integrative modelNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews40, 619.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., McGlashan, T. H., & Grilo, C. M. (2007). Psychosocial impairment and treatment utilization by patients with borderline personality disorder, other personality disorders, mood and anxiety disorders, and a healthy comparison group. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48, 329336.Google Scholar
Baczkowski, B. M., van Zutphen, L., Siep, N., Jacob, G. A., Domes, G., Maier, S., … Arntz, A. (2017). Deficient amygdala–prefrontal intrinsic connectivity after effortful emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 267, 551565.Google Scholar
Baker-Glenn, E., Steels, M., & Evans, C. (2010). Use of psychotropic medication among psychiatric out-patients with personality disorderThe Psychiatrist34(3), 8386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlow, D. H., Allen, L. B., & Choate, M. L. (2004). Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 205230.Google Scholar
Barnicot, K., Katskou, C., Bhatti, N., Fearns, N., & Priebe, S. (2012). Factors predicting the outcome of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(5), 400412.Google Scholar
Baron, M., Gruen, R., Asnis, L., & Lord, S. (1985). Familial transmission of schizotypal and borderline personality disordersAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 142(8), 927934.Google Scholar
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (1999). Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(10), 15631569.Google Scholar
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2001). Treatment of borderline personality disorder with psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization: An 18-month follow-upAmerican Journal of Psychiatry158(1), 3642.Google Scholar
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2003). Health service utilization costs for borderline personality disorder patients treated with psychoanalytically oriented partial hospitalization versus general psychiatric care. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(1), 169171.Google Scholar
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2006). Mentalization-Based Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Practical Guide. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2008). Eight-year follow-up of patients treated for borderline personality disorder: Mentalization-based treatment versus treatment as usualAmerican Journal of Psychiatry165(5), 631638.Google Scholar
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of outpatient mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for borderline personality disorderAmerican Journal of Psychiatry166(12), 13551364.Google Scholar
Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Pagano, M. E., Dyck, I. R., Grilo, C. M., Shea, M. T., … Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Prospective assessment of treatment use by patients with personality disordersPsychiatric Services57, 254257.Google Scholar
Black, D. W., Blum, N., Pfohl, B., & Hale, N. (2004). Suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: Prevalence, risk factors, prediction, and preventionJournal of Personality Disorders, 18, 226239.Google Scholar
Blum, N., St. John, D., Pfohl, B., Stuart, S., McCormick, B., Allen, J., … Black, D. W. (2008). Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial and 1-year follow-upAmerican Journal of Psychiatry165, 468478.Google Scholar
Bos, E. H., van Wel, E. B., Appelo, M. T., & Verbraak, M. J. (2010). A randomized controlled trial of a Dutch version of systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving for borderline personality disorderJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease198(4), 299304.Google Scholar
Brown, M. Z., Comtois, K. A., & Linehan, M. M. (2002). Reasons for suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 198202.Google Scholar
Chambless, D. L., & Hollon, S. D. (1998). Defining empirically supported therapiesJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology66, 718.Google Scholar
Chanen, A. M., Jackson, H. J., McGorry, P. D., Allot, K. A., Clarkson, V., & Yuen, H. P. (2004). Two-year stability of personality disorder in older adolescent outpatients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 526541.Google Scholar
Chanen, A. M., Jovev, M., McCutcheon, L. K., Jackson, H. J., & McGorry, P. D. (2008). Borderline personality disorder in young people and the prospects for prevention and early intervention. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 4, 4857.Google Scholar
Chanen, A. M., & McCutcheon, L. (2013). Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: Current status and recent evidenceBritish Journal of Psychiatry202, 2429.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L. (2009). Borderline personality disorder. In Abramowitz, J. S., McKay, D., & Taylor, S. (Eds.), The Expanded Scope of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Lessons Learned from Refractory Cases (pp. 347367). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L. (2019a). Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation. Development and Psychopathology, 31, 11431156.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L. (2019b). Phone Coaching in Dialectical Behavior Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Layden, B. K., & Walters, K. N. (2010). Borderline personality features moderate the effect of a fear induction on impulsivityPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment1, 139152.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Walters, K. N., & Butler, S. M. (2015). Emotional reactivity to social rejection versus a frustration induction among persons with borderline personality featuresPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment6, 8896.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2007). The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Living with BPD. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L., & Hope, N. H. (in press). Dialectical behaviour therapy and treatment of emotion dysregulation. In Beauchaine, T. & Crowell, S. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation.Google Scholar
Chapman, A. L., Walters, K. N., & Gordon, K. L. (2014). Emotional reactivity to social rejection and negative evaluation among persons with borderline personality featuresJournal of Personality Disorders28, 720733.Google Scholar
Choi-Kain, L. W., Finch, E. F., Masland, S. R., Jenkins, J. A., & Unruh, B. T. (2017). What works in the treatment of borderline personality disorderCurrent Behavioral Neuroscience Reports4, 2130.Google Scholar
Clarkin, J. F., Hull, J. W., & Hurt, S. W. (1993). Factor structure of borderline personality disorder criteriaJournal of Personality Disorders, 7(2), 137143.Google Scholar
Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2007). Evaluating three treatments for borderline personality disorder: A multiwave studyAmerican Journal of Psychiatry164, 922928.Google Scholar
Cloitre, M., Garvert, D. W., Weiss, B., Carlson, E. B., & Bryant, R. A. (2014). Distinguishing PTSD, complex PTSD, and borderline personality disorder: A latent class analysisEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology5, 10.Google Scholar
Cohen, P., Crawford, T. N., Johnson, J. G., & Kasen, S. (2005). The Children in the Community study of developmental course of personality disorderJournal of Personality Disorders19, 466486.Google Scholar
Comtois, K. A., Elwood, L., Holdcraft, L. C., Smith, W. R., & Simpson, T. L. (2007). Effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in a community mental health centerCognitive and Behavioral Practice14, 406414.Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: Elaborating and extending Linehan’s theoryPsychological Bulletin135(3), 495510.Google Scholar
Distel, M. A., Middeldorp, C. M., Trull, T. J., Derom, C. A., Willemsen, G., & Boomsma, D. I. (2011). Life events and borderline personality features: The influence of gene–environment interaction and gene–environment correlationPsychological Medicine41(4), 849860.Google Scholar
Distel, M. A., Trull, T. J., Derom, C. A., Thiery, E. W., Grimmer, M. A., Martin, N. G., … Boomsma, D. I. (2008). Heritability of borderline personality disorder features is similar across three countriesPsychological Medicine38(9), 12191229.Google Scholar
Doering, S., Hörz, S., Rentrop, M., Fischer-Kern, M., Schuster, P., Benecke, C., … Buchheim, P. (2010). Transference-focused psychotherapy v. treatment by community psychotherapists for borderline personality disorder: Randomised controlled trialBritish Journal of Psychiatry196(5), 389395.Google Scholar
Donegan, N. H., Sanislow, C. A., Blumberg, H. P., Fulbright, R. K., Lacadie, C., Skudlarski, P., … Wexler, B. E. (2003). Amygdala hyperreactivity in borderline personality disorder: Implications for emotional dysregulationBiological Psychiatry54, 12841293.Google Scholar
Ellison, N., Mason, O., & Scior, K. (2013). Bipolar disorder and stigma: A systematic review of the literatureJournal of Affective Disorders151(3), 805820.Google Scholar
Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: A “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behavior Research and Therapy, 41, 509528.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P., Rossouw, T., Sharp, C., Bateman, A., Allison, L., & Farrar, C. (2014). Mentalization-based treatment for adolescents with borderline traits. In Sharp, C. & Tackett, J. (Eds.), Handbook of Borderline Personality Disorder in Children and Adolescents (pp. 313332). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ford, J. D., & Courtois, C. A. (2014). Complex PTSD, affect dysregulation, and borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 1(9).Google Scholar
Frankenburg, F. R., Fitzmaurice, G. M., & Zanarini, M. C. (2014). The use of prescription opioid medication by patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects: A 10-year follow-up studyJournal of Clinical Psychiatry75(4), 357361.Google Scholar
Friedel, R. O. (2004). Borderline Personality Disorder DemystifiedNew York: Marlowe & Company.Google Scholar
Gibbons, M. B. C., Crits-Christophe, P., Barber, J. P., Stirman, S. W., Gallop, R., Goldstein, L. A., … Ring-Kurtz, S. (2010). Unique and common mechanisms of change across cognitive and dynamic psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 801813.Google Scholar
Giesen-Bloo, J., Van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., Van Tilburg, W., Dirksen, C., Van Asselt, T., … Arntz, A. (2006). Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Randomized trial of schema-focused therapy vs transference-focused psychotherapyArchives of General Psychiatry63, 649658.Google Scholar
Glenn, C. R., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009) Emotion dysregulation as a core feature of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23, 2028.Google Scholar
Goodman, M., Carpenter, D., Tang, C. Y., Goldstein, K. E., Avedon, J., Fernandez, N., … Hazlett, E. A. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy alters emotion regulation and amygdala activity in patients with borderline personality disorderJournal of Psychiatric Research57, 108116.Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Goldstein, R. B., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Saha, T. D., … Ruan, W. J. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related ConditionsJournal of Clinical Psychiatry69(4), 533545.Google Scholar
Gratz, K. L., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotion regulation group intervention for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorderBehavior Therapy37(1), 2535.Google Scholar
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scaleJournal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment26(1), 4154.Google Scholar
Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2011). Extending research on the utility of an adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality pathologyPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment2(4), 316326.Google Scholar
Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., & Levy, R. (2014). Randomized controlled trial and uncontrolled 9-month follow-up of an adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorderPsychological Medicine44(10), 20992112.Google Scholar
Grinker, R., Werble, B., & Drye, R. (1968). The Borderline Syndrome. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2001). Borderline Personality Disorder: A Clinical Guide. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2007). Disturbed relationships as a phenotype for borderline personality disorder (commentary). American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 16371640.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2009). Borderline personality disorder: Ontogeny of a diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 530539.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunderson, J. G. (2010). Revising the borderline diagnosis for DSM-V: An alternative proposalJournal of Personality Disorders24(6), 694708.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2014). Handbook of Good Psychiatric Management for Borderline Personality Disorder. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G. (2016). The emergence of a generalist model to meet public health needs for patients with borderline personality disorderAmerican Journal of Psychiatry173, 452458.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., & Kolb, J. E. (1978). Discriminating features of borderline patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 792796.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., & Phillips, K. A. (1991). A current view of the interface between borderline personality disorder and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 967975.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., & Singer, M. T. (1975). Defining borderline patients: An overview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 110.Google Scholar
Helgeland, M. I., & Torgersen, S. (2004). Developmental antecedents of borderline personality disorderComprehensive Psychiatry45, 138147.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Dietrich, T. M., Wenning, B., Krings, T., Erberich, S. G., Willmes, K., … Sass, H. (2001). Evidence of abnormal amygdala functioning in borderline personality disorder: A functional MRI studyBiological Psychiatry50, 292298.Google Scholar
Hurt, S. W., Hyler, S. E., Frances, A., Clarkin, J. F., & Brent, R. (1989). Assessing borderline personality disorder with self-report, clinical interview, or semistructured interview. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 12281231.Google Scholar
Jackson, H. J., & Burgess, P. M. (2004). Personality disorders in the community: results from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being Part III. Relationships between specific type of personality disorder, Axis I mental disorders and physical conditions with disability and health consultations. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39, 765776.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, C. R., Freund, C., Bøye, R., Jordet, H., Andersen, D., & Kjølbye, M. (2013). Outcome of mentalization‐based and supportive psychotherapy in patients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized trialActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica127, 305317.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, C. R., Kjølbye, M., Freund, C., Bøye, R., Jordet, H., & Andersen, D. (2009). Level of functioning in patients with borderline personality disorder: The Risskov-I studyNordic Psychology61, 4260.Google Scholar
Kaess, M., Brunner, R., & Chanen, A. (2014). Borderline personality disorder in adolescence. Pediatrics, 134(4), 782793.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. F. (1967). Borderline personality organization. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 15(3), 641685.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. F. (1968). The treatment of patients with borderline personality organization. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49, 600619.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. F. (1975). Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson.Google Scholar
Knappich, M., Hörz-Sagstetter, S., Schwerthöffer, D., Leucht, S., & Rentrop, M. (2014). Pharmacotherapy in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder: Results of a survey among psychiatrists in private practicesInternational Clinical Psychopharmacology29(4), 224228.Google Scholar
Knight, R. P. (1953). Borderline states. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 17(1), 112.Google Scholar
Koenigsberg, H. W., Fan, J., Ochsner, K. N., Liu, X., Guise, K. G., Pizzarello, S., … New, A. (2009). Neural correlates of the use of psychological distancing to regulate responses to negative social cues: A study of patients with borderline personality disorderBiological Psychiatry66(9), 854863.Google Scholar
Koons, C. R., Chapman, A. L., Betts, B. B., O’Rourke, B., Morse, N., & Robins, C. J. (2006). Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for the vocational rehabilitation of significantly disabled mentally ill adultsCognitive and Behavioral Practice13, 146156.Google Scholar
Krause-Utz, A., Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., & Schmahl, C. (2014). The latest neuroimaging findings in borderline personality disorderCurrent Psychiatry Reports16(3), 438450.Google Scholar
Larrivée, M.-P. (2013). Borderline personality disorder in adolescents: the He-who-must-not-be-named of psychiatryDialogues in Clinical Neuroscience15(2), 171179.Google Scholar
Leichsenring, F., Leibing, E., Kruse, J., New, A. S., & Leweke, F. (2011). Borderline personality disorderThe Lancet377, 7484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 553564.Google Scholar
Lieb, K., Völlm, B., Rücker, G., Timmer, A., & Stoffers, J. M. (2010). Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Cochrane systematic review of randomised trialsBritish Journal of Psychiatry196(1), 412.Google Scholar
Lieb, K., Zanarini, M. C., Schmahl, C., Linehan, M. M., & Bohus, (2004). Borderline personality disorder. Lancet, 364, 453461.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993a). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993b). Skills Training Manual for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (2014). DBT Skills Training Manual. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M., Armstrong, H. E., Suarez, A., Allmon, D., & Heard, H. (1991). Cognitive behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48 , 10601064.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M., & Heard, H. L. (1999). Borderline personality disorder: Costs, course, and treatment outcomes. In Miller, N. & Magruder, K. (Eds). The Cost-Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: A Guide for Practitioners, Researchers and Policy Makers (pp. 291305). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Links, P.S., Heslegrave, R., & van Reekum, R. (1999). Impulsivity: Core aspect of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 12, 19.Google Scholar
Links, P. S., Steiner, M., & Huxley, G. (1988). The occurrence of borderline personality disorder in the families of borderline patientsJournal of Personality Disorders2(1), 1420.Google Scholar
Loranger, A. W., Oldham, J. M., & Tulis, E. H. (1982). Familial transmission of DSM-III borderline personality disorderArchives of General Psychiatry39(7), 795799.Google Scholar
Manning, S. (2011). Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Masterson, J. (1972). Treatment of the Borderline Adolescent: A Developmental Approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
McCloskey, M. S., New, A. S., Siever, L. J., Goodman, M., Koenigsberg, H. W., Flory, J. D., & Coccaro, E. F. (2009). Evaluation of behavioral impulsivity and aggression tasks as endophenotypes for borderline personality disorderJournal of Psychiatric Research43(12), 10361048.Google Scholar
McMain, S. F., Guimond, T., Barnhart, R., Habinski, L., & Streiner, D. L. (2017). A randomized trial of brief dialectical behaviour therapy skills training in suicidal patients suffering from borderline disorderActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica135, 138148.Google Scholar
McMain, S. F., Links, P. S., Gnam, W. H., Guimond, T., Cardish, R. J., Korman, L., & Streiner, D. L. (2009). A randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorderAmerican Journal of Psychiatry166, 13651374.Google Scholar
McMain, S., & Pos, A. E. (2007). Advances in psychotherapy of personality disorders: A research updateCurrent Psychiatry Reports9(1), 4652.Google Scholar
Mehlum, L., Tørmoen, A. J., Ramberg, M., Haga, E., Diep, L. M., Laberg, S., … Grøholt, B. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: A randomized trialJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry53, 10821091.Google Scholar
Miller, A. L., Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Jacobson, C. M. (2008). Fact or fiction: Diagnosing borderline personality disorder in adolescents. Clinical Psychology Review, 28(6), 969981.Google Scholar
Millon, T., Grossman, S., & Meagher, S. E. (2004). Masters of the Mind: Exploring the Story of Mental Illness from Ancient Times to the New MillenniumNew York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Minzenberg, M. J., Fan, J., New, A. S., Tang, C. Y., & Siever, L. J. (2007). Fronto-limbic dysfunction in response to facial emotion in borderline personality disorder: An event-related fMRI studyPsychiatry Research: Neuroimaging155(3), 231243.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Warner, M. B., Shea, M. T., Gunderson, J. G., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C., … McGlashan, T. H. (2003). The representation of four personality disorders by the schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality dimensional model of personalityPsychological Assessment15(3), 326332.Google Scholar
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (NICE). (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management. London: The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of Psychiatrists.Google Scholar
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). (2012). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Borderline Personality Disorder. Melbourne: National Health and Medical Research Council.Google Scholar
Neacsiu, A. D., Eberle, J. W., Kramer, R., Wiesmann, T., & Linehan, M. M. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy skills for transdiagnostic emotion dysregulation: A pilot randomized controlled trialBehaviour Research and Therapy59, 4051.Google Scholar
Neacsiu, A. D., Rizvi, S. L., & Linehan, M. M. (2010). Dialectical behavior therapy skills use as a mediator and outcome of treatment for borderline personality disorderBehaviour Research and Therapy48(9), 832839.Google Scholar
O’Toole, S. K., Diddy, E., & Kent, M. (2011). Mindfulness and emotional well-being in women with borderline personality disorder. Mindfulness, 3, 117123.Google Scholar
Paris, J. (1998). Does childhood trauma cause personality disorders in adults?  Canadian Journal of Psychiatry43(2), 148153.Google Scholar
Paris, J. (2002). Commentary on the American Psychiatric Association guidelines for the treatment of borderline personality disorder: Evidence-based psychiatry and the quality of evidenceJournal of Personality Disorders16(2), 130134.Google Scholar
Paris, J., & Zweig-Frank, H. (2001). A 27-year follow-up of patients with borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 42(6), 482487.Google Scholar
Paris, J., Zweig-Frank, H., & Guzder, J. (1994). Psychological risk factors for borderline personality disorder in female patientsComprehensive Psychiatry35(4), 301305.Google Scholar
Perepletchikova, F., Nathanson, D., Axelrod, S. R., Merrill, C., Walker, A., Grossman, M., … Walkup, J. (2017). Randomized clinical trial of dialectical behavior therapy for preadolescent children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Feasibility and outcomesJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry56, 832840.Google Scholar
Perroud, N., Uher, R., Dieben, K., Nicastro, R., & Huguelet, P. (2010). Predictors of response and drop-out during intensive dialectical behavior therapy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(5), 634650.Google Scholar
Perry, J. C., Herman, J. L., Van Der Kolk, B. A., & Hoke, L. A. (1990). Psychotherapy and psychological trauma in borderline personality disorderPsychiatric Annals20(1), 3343.Google Scholar
Pope, H. G., Jonas, J. M., Hudson, J. I., Cohen, B. M., & Gunderson, J. G. (1983). The validity of DSM-III borderline personality disorder: A phenomenologic, family history, treatment response, and long-term followup study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 2330.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, M. Z., Gratz, K. L., Kosson, D. S., Cheavens, J. S., Lejuez, C. W., & Lynch, T. R. (2008). Borderline personality disorder and emotional responding: A review of the research literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 7591.Google Scholar
Rossouw, T. I., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: A randomized controlled trialJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry51, 13041313.Google Scholar
Rottman, B. M., Ahn, W. K., Sanislow, C. A., & Kim, N. S. (2009). Can clinicians recognize DSM-IV personality disorders from five-factor model descriptions of patient cases? American Journal of Psychiatry166(4), 427433.Google Scholar
Rottman, B. M., Kim, N. S., Ahn, W. K., & Sanislow, C. A. (2011). Can personality disorder experts recognize DSM-IV personality disorders from five-factor model descriptions of patient cases?  Journal of Clinical Psychiatry72(5), 630639.Google Scholar
Rudge, S., Feigenbaum, J. D., & Fonagy, P. (2017). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behaviour therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Mental Health. doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1322185Google Scholar
Sahlin, H., Bjureberg, J., Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Bjärehed, J., … Hellner, C. (2017). Emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm: A multi-site evaluation in routine care using an uncontrolled open trial designBMJ Open7, e016220. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016220Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., Sanislow, C. A., Hopwood, C. J., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., … Grilo, C. M. (2013). Convergent and incremental predictive validity of clinician, self-report, and structured interview diagnoses for personality disorders over 5 yearsJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology81(4), 650659.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2000). Factor analysis of the DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder criteria in psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 16291633.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., … McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV criteria for borderline personality disorder: Findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders studyAmerican Journal of Psychiatry159(2), 284290.Google Scholar
Sansone, R. A., Farukhi, S., & Wiederman, M. W. (2011). Utilization of primary care physicians in borderline personality. General Hospital Psychiatry, 33(4), 343346.Google Scholar
Sar, V., Akyuz, G., Kugu, N., Ozturk, E., & Ertem-Vehid, H. (2006). Axis I dissociative disorder comorbidity in borderline personality disorder and reports of childhood trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 15831590.Google Scholar
Schmahl, C. G., Vermetten, E., Elzinga, B. M., & Bremner, J. D. (2003). Magnetic resonance imaging of hippocampal and amygdala volume in women with childhood abuse and borderline personality disorderPsychiatry Research: Neuroimaging122(3), 193198.Google Scholar
Schmahl, C. G., Vermetten, E., Elzinga, B. M., & Bremner, J. D. (2004). A positron emission tomography study of memories of childhood abuse in borderline personality disorderBiological Psychiatry55(7), 759765.Google Scholar
Schmitt, R., Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., Herpertz, S. C., & Schmahl, C. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy on neuronal correlates of reappraisal in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 1, 548557.Google Scholar
Schulze, L., Schmahl, C., & Niedtfeld, I. (2016). Neural correlates of disturbed emotion processing in borderline personality disorder: A multimodal meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 79, 97106.Google Scholar
Sebastian, A., Pohl, M. F., Klöppel, S., Feige, B., Lange, T., Stahl, C., … Tüscher, O. (2013). Disentangling common and specific neural subprocesses of response inhibition. NeuroImage, 24, 601615.Google Scholar
Siever, L. J., Torgersen, S., Gunderson, J. G., Livesley, W. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2002). The borderline diagnosis III: Identifying endophenotypes for genetic studiesBiological Psychiatry51(12), 964968.Google Scholar
Silk, K. R., Eisner, W., Allport, C., Demars, C., Miller, C., Justice, R. W., & Lewis, M. (1994). Focused time-limited inpatient treatment of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 8, 268278.Google Scholar
Silvers, J. A., Hubbard, A. D., Biggs, E., Shu, J., Fertuck, E., Chaudhury, S., … Brodsky, B. S. (2016). Affective lability and difficulties with regulation are differentially associated with amygdala and prefrontal response in women with borderline personality disorderPsychiatry Research: Neuroimaging254, 7482.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Buckley, P., & Charles, E. (1983). Is there a characteristic pattern to the treatment history of clinic outpatients with borderline personality? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 405410.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Siever, L. J., Livesley, W. J., Gunderson, J. G., Pfohl, B., & Widiger, T. A. (2002). The borderline diagnosis II: Biology, genetics and clinical course. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 51, 951963.Google Scholar
Soloff, P. H., & Chiappetta, L. (2017). Suicidal behavior and psychosocial outcome in borderline personality disorder at 8-year follow-upJournal of Personality Disorders31(6), 774789.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., Burke, J. D., Hipwell, A. E., & Loeber, R. (2012). Trajectories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms as precursors of borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girlsJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology40(1), 720.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., Epler, A. J., Jahng, S., & Trull, T. J. (2008). The effect of dialectical behavior therapy skills use on borderline personality disorder featuresJournal of Personality Disorders22(6), 549563.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). Age-related differences in individual DSM criteria for borderline personality disorderJournal of Personality Disorders22(4), 427432.Google Scholar
Stern, A. (1938) Psychoanalytic investigation of and therapy in the borderline group of neurosesThe Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 7467489.Google Scholar
Stoffers, J. M., & Lieb, K. (2015). Pharmacotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Current evidence and recent trendsCurrent Psychiatry Reports17(534) 111.Google Scholar
Stoffers, J. M., Voellm, B. A., Rücker, G., Timmer, A., Huband, N., & Lieb, K. (2012). Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. The Cochrane Library. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005652.pub2Google Scholar
Stone, M. H. (1993). Long-term outcome in personality disordersBritish Journal of Psychiatry162(3), 299313.Google Scholar
Thomsen, M. S., Ruocco, A. C., Uliaszek, A. A., Mathiesen, B. B., & Simonsen, E. (2017). Changes in neurocognitive functioning after 6 months of mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorderJournal of Personality Disorders31(3), 306324.Google Scholar
Torgersen, S., Lygren, S., Øien, P. A., Skre, I., Onstad, S., Edvardsen, J., … Kringlen, E. (2000). A twin study of personality disordersComprehensive Psychiatry41(6), 416425.Google Scholar
Trippany, R. L., Helm, H. M., & Simpson, L. (2006). Trauma reenactment: Rethinking borderline personality disorder when diagnosing sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 28(2), 95110.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J. (2001). Structural relations between borderline personality disorder features and putative etiological correlatesJournal of Abnormal Psychology110(3), 471481.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Distel, M. A., & Carpenter, R. W. (2011). DSM-5 borderline personality disorder: At the border between a dimensional and a categorical view. Current Psychiatry Reports, 13(1), 4349.Google Scholar
Turner, B. J., Austin, S. B., & Chapman, A. L. (2014). Treating nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review of psychological and pharmacological interventionsCanadian Journal of Psychiatry59, 576585.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., & Bateman, A. W. (2004). Drug treatment for personality disordersAdvances in Psychiatric Treatment10(5), 389398.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Mulder, R., & the ICD-11 Working Group for the Revision of Classification of Personality Disorders (2011). Reclassifying personality disorders. Lancet, 377, 18141815.Google Scholar
Van Busschbach, J (2012). Health economics and borderline personality disorders: Methods, arguments and perspectives. Paper presented at The 2nd International congress on Borderline Personality Disorder and Allied Disorders, Amsterdam, Netherlands.Google Scholar
van der Kolk, B. A., Pelcovitz, D., Roth, S., & Mandel, F. S. (1996). Dissociation, somatization, and affect dysregulation: The complexity of adaption to trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 8393.Google Scholar
van Elst, L. T., Hesslinger, B., Thiel, T., Geiger, E., Haegele, K., Lemieux, L., … Ebert, D. (2003). Frontolimbic brain abnormalities in patients with borderline personality disorder: A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studyBiological Psychiatry54(2), 163171.Google Scholar
Westen, D., Ludolph, P., Misle, B., Ruffins, S., & Block, J. (1990). Physical and sexual abuse in adolescent girls with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60(1), 5566.Google Scholar
White, C. N., Gunderson, J. G., Zanarini, M. C., & Hudson, J. I. (2003). Family studies of borderline personality disorder: A reviewHarvard Review of Psychiatry11(1), 819.Google Scholar
Winograd, G., Cohen, P., & Chen, H. (2008). Adolescent borderline symptoms in the community: Prognosis for functioning over 20 years. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 49, 933941.Google Scholar
World Health Organization [WHO]. (2016). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th rev.). Geneva: WHO Press.Google Scholar
World Health Organization [WHO]. (2018). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (11th rev.). Geneva: WHO Press.Google Scholar
Yen, S., Shea, M. T., Battle, C. L., Johnson, D. M., Zlotnick, C., Dolan-Sewell, R., … Zanarini, M. C. (2002). Traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in borderline, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders studyJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease190(8), 510518.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1997). Pathways to the development of borderline personality disorderJournal of Personality Disorders11, 93104.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J., Reich, D. B., & Silk, K. R. (2005). The McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD): Overview and implications of the first six years of prospective follow-upJournal of Personality Disorders19(5), 505523.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J., & Silk, K. R. (2004). Mental health service utilization by borderline personality disorder patients and Axis II comparison subjects followed prospectively for 6 yearsJournal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 2836.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Khera, G. S., & Bleichmar, J. (2001). Treatment histories of borderline inpatientsComprehensive Psychiatry42(2), 144150.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmuarice, G. (2010). Time to attainment of recovery from borderline personality disorder and stability of recovery: A 10-year prospective follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(6), 663667.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmuarice, G. (2012). Attainment and stability of sustained symptomatic remission and recovery among patients with borderline personality disorder and Axis II comparison subjects: A 16-year prospective follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(5), 476483.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Gunderson, J. G., Marino, M. F., Schwartz, E. O., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1988). DSM-III disorders in the families of borderline outpatientsJournal of Personality Disorders2(4), 292302.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Jacoby, R. J., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2009). The 10-year course of social security disability income reported by patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjectsJournal of Personality Disorders23(4), 346356.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Williams, A. A., Lewis, R. E., & Reich, R. B. (1997). Reported pathological childhood experiences associated with the development of borderline personality disorderAmerican Journal of Psychiatry154(8), 11011106.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Yong, L., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J., Reich, D. B., Marino, M. F., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2002). Severity of reported childhood sexual abuse and its relationship to severity of borderline psychopathology and psychosocial impairment among borderline inpatientsJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease190(6), 381387.Google Scholar

References

Beltz, A. M., Wright, A. G. C., Sprague, B. N., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2016). Bridging the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the analysis of clinical data. Assessment, 23(4), 447458.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss, Volume 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Clarkin, J. F., Hull, J. W., & Hurt, S. W. (1993). Factor structure of borderline personality disorder criteriaJournal of Personality Disorders, 7(2), 137143.Google Scholar
Clifton, A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2007). Evidence for a single latent class of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders borderline personality pathology. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(1), 7078.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cristea, I. A., Gentili, C., Cotet, C. D., Palomba, D., Barbui, C., & Cuijpers, P. (2017). Efficacy of psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(4), 319328.Google Scholar
Feske, U., Kirisci, L., Tarter, R. E., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2007). An application of item response theory to the DSM-III-R criteria for borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(4), 418433.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J. G., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2008). BPD’s interpersonal hypersensitivity phenotype: A gene-environment-developmental model. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22(1), 2241.Google Scholar
Hill, J., Pilkonis, P., Morse, J., Feske, U., Reynolds, S., Hope, H., … Broyden, N. (2008). Social domain dysfunction and disorganization in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 38(1), 135146.Google Scholar
Hill, J., Stepp, S. D., Wan, M. W., Hope, H., Morse, J. Q., Steele, M., … Pilkonis, P. A. (2011). Attachment, borderline personality, and romantic relationship dysfunction. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(6), 789805.Google Scholar
Hoffart, A., & Johnson, S. U. (2017). Psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies are more different than you think: Conceptualizations of mental problems and consequences for studying mechanisms of change. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(6), 10701086.Google Scholar
Keenan, K., Hipwell, A., Chung, T., Stepp, S., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., & McTigue, K. (2010). The Pittsburgh Girls Study: Overview and initial findings. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 39(4), 506521.Google Scholar
Lazarus, S. A., Scott, L. N., Beeney, J. E., Wright, A. G., Stepp, S. D., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2018). Borderline personality disorder symptoms and affective responding to perceptions of rejection and acceptance from romantic versus nonromantic partners. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(3), 197206.Google Scholar
Levy, K. N. (2008). Psychotherapies and lasting change. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(5), 556559.Google Scholar
Links, P. S. (1993). Psychiatric rehabilitation model for borderline personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 38(Suppl. 1), 3538.Google Scholar
Links, P. S., & Heslegrave, R. J. (2000). Prospective studies of outcome: Understanding mechanisms of change in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(1), 137150.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C. (1991). Personality Assessment Inventory: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Pagano, M. E., Skodol, A. E., Stout, R. L., Shea, M. T., Yen, S., Grilo, C. M., … Gunderson, J. G. (2004). Stressful life events as predictors of functioning: Findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110(6), 421429.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., & Hajcak, G. (2016). RDoC: Translating promise into progress. Psychophysiology, 53(3), 415424.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., & McGlashan, T. H. (2000). Factor analysis of the DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder criteria in psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(10), 16291633.Google Scholar
Scott, L. N., Zalewski, M., Beeney, J. E., Jones, N. P., & Stepp, S. D. (2017). Pupillary and affective responses to maternal feedback and the development of borderline personality disorder symptoms. Developmental Psychopathology, 29(3), 10891104.Google Scholar
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Adult attachment strategies and the regulation of emotion. In Gross, J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of Emotion Regulation (pp. 446465). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Soloff, P. H., & Chiappetta, L. (2018). Ten-year outcome of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 33(1), 119.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., & Lazarus, S. A. (2017). Identifying a borderline personality disorder prodrome: Implications for community screening. Personality and Mental Health, 11(3), 195205.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., Lazarus, S. A., & Byrd, A. L. (2016). A systematic review of risk factors prospectively associated with borderline personality disorder: Taking stock and moving forward. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(4), 316323.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., Pilkonis, P. A., Hipwell, A. E., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2010). Stability of borderline personality disorder features in girls. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 460472.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Jones, N. P., Whalen, D. J., & Hipwell, A. E. (2015). Negative emotional reactivity as a marker of vulnerability in the development of borderline personality disorder symptoms. Development and Psychopathology, 28(1), 213224.Google Scholar
Stepp, S. D., Whalen, D. J., Scott, L. N., Zalewski, M., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A. E. (2014). Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls. Development and Psychopathology, 26(2), 361378.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Useda, J. D., Conforti, K., & Doan, B. T. (1997). Borderline personality disorder features in nonclinical young adults: 2. Two-year outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(2), 307314.Google Scholar
Winsper, C., Lereya, S. T., Marwaha, S., Thompson, A., Eyden, J., & Singh, S. P. (2016). The aetiological and psychopathological validity of borderline personality disorder in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 44, 1324.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2012). Attainment and stability of sustained symptomatic remission and recovery among patients with borderline personality disorder and Axis II comparison subjects: A 16-year prospective follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(5), 476483.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Temes, C. M., Frankenburg, F. R., Reich, D. B., & Fitzmaurice, G. M. (2018). Description and prediction of time-to-attainment of excellent recovery for borderline patients followed prospectively for 20 years. Psychiatry Research, 262, 4045.Google Scholar

References

Brühl, A. B., Scherpiet, S., Sulzer, J., Stampfli, P., Seifritz, E., & Herwig, U. (2014). Real-time neurofeedback using functional MRI could improve down-regulation of amygdala activity during emotional stimulation: A proof-of-concept study. Brain Topography, 27(1), 138148.Google Scholar
Caria, A., Sitaram, R., Veit, R., Begliomini, C., & Birbaumer, N. (2010). Volitional control of anterior insula activity modulates the response to aversive stimuli: A real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biological Psychiatry, 68(5), 425432.Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: Elaborating and extending Linehan’s theory. Psychological Bulletin, 135(3), 495510.Google Scholar
Dannlowski, U., Stuhrmann, A., Beutelmann, V., Zwanzger, P., Lenzen, T., Grotegerd, D., … Kugel, H. (2012). Limbic scars: Long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment revealed by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 71(4), 286293.Google Scholar
deCharms, R. C., Maeda, F., Glover, G. H., Ludlow, D., Pauly, J. M., Soneji, D., … Mackey, S. C. (2005). Control over brain activation and pain learned by using real-time functional MRI. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102(51), 1862618631.Google Scholar
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet, 373(9657), 6881.Google Scholar
Goodman, M., Carpenter, D., Tang, C. Y., Goldstein, K. E., Avedon, J., Fernandez, N., … Hazlett, E. A. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy alters emotion regulation and amygdala activity in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 57, 108116.Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. P., Glover, G. H., Hsu, J. J., Johnson, R. F., & Gotlib, I. H. (2011). Modulation of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex activity with real-time neurofeedback. Human Brain Mapping, 32(1), 2231.Google Scholar
Johnston, S. J., Boehm, S. G., Healy, D., Goebel, R., & Linden, D. E. (2010). Neurofeedback: A promising tool for the self-regulation of emotion networks. NeuroImage, 49(1), 10661072.Google Scholar
Kramer, U., Kolly, S., Maillard, P., Pascual-Leone, A., Samson, A. C., Schmitt, R., … de Roten, Y. (2018). Change in emotional and theory of mind processing in borderline personality disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(12), 935943.Google Scholar
Lawrence, E. J., Su, L., Barker, G. J., Medford, N., Dalton, J., Williams, S. C., … David, A. S. (2013). Self-regulation of the anterior insula: Reinforcement learning using real-time fMRI neurofeedback. NeuroImage, 88C, 113124.Google Scholar
Linden, D. E. (2014). Neurofeedback and networks of depression. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 16(1), 103112.Google Scholar
Linden, D. E., Habes, I., Johnston, S. J., Linden, S., Tatineni, R., Subramanian, L., … Goebel, R. (2012). Real-time self-regulation of emotion networks in patients with depression. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e38115.Google Scholar
Niedtfeld, I., Schmitt, R., Winter, D., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Herpertz, S. C. (2017). Pain-mediated affect regulation is reduced after dialectical behavior therapy in borderline personality disorder: A longitudinal fMRI study. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12(5), 739747.Google Scholar
Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Ruf, M., Demirakca, T., Hoesterey, S., Ende, G., & Schmahl, C. (2014). Down-regulation of amygdala activation with real-time fMRI neurofeedback in a healthy female sample. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 299.Google Scholar
Paret, C., Kluetsch, R., Zaehringer, J., Ruf, M., Demirakca, T., Bohus, M., … Schmahl, C. (2016). Alterations of amygdala-prefrontal connectivity with real-time fMRI neurofeedback in BPD patients. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(6), 952960.Google Scholar
Paret, C., Ruf, M., Gerchen, M. F., Kluetsch, R., Demirakca, T., Jungkunz, M., … Ende, G. (2016). fMRI neurofeedback of amygdala response to aversive stimuli enhances prefrontal-limbic brain connectivity. NeuroImage, 125, 182188.Google Scholar
Ruiz, S., Birbaumer, N., & Sitaram, R. (2013). Abnormal neural connectivity in schizophrenia and fMRI-brain-computer interface as a potential therapeutic approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 17.Google Scholar
Ruiz, S., Lee, S., Soekadar, S. R., Caria, A., Veit, R., Kircher, T., … Sitaram, R. (2013). Acquired self-control of insula cortex modulates emotion recognition and brain network connectivity in schizophrenia. Human Brain Mapping, 34(1), 200212.Google Scholar
Scheinost, D., Stoica, T., Saksa, J., Papademetris, X., Constable, R. T., Pittenger, C., & Hampson, M. (2013). Orbitofrontal cortex neurofeedback produces lasting changes in contamination anxiety and resting-state connectivity. Translational Psychiatry, 3(4), e250.Google Scholar
Schmitt, R., Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., Schmahl, C., & Herpertz, S. C. (2016). Effects of psychotherapy on neuronal correlates of reappraisal in female patients with borderline personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. doi:10.1007/s00406-016-0689-2Google Scholar
Schnell, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2007). Effects of dialectic-behavioral-therapy on the neural correlates of affective hyperarousal in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41(10), 837847.Google Scholar
Sulzer, J., Sitaram, R., Blefari, M. L., Kollias, S., Birbaumer, N., Stephan, K. E., … Gassert, R. (2013). Neurofeedback-mediated self-regulation of the dopaminergic midbrain. NeuroImage, 83, 817825.Google Scholar
Veit, R., Singh, V., Sitaram, R., Caria, A., Rauss, K., & Birbaumer, N. (2012). Using real-time fMRI to learn voluntary regulation of the anterior insula in the presence of threat-related stimuli. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7(6), 623634.Google Scholar
Winter, D., Niedtfeld, I., Schmitt, R., Bohus, M., Schmahl, C., & Herpertz, S. C. (2017). Neural correlates of distraction in borderline personality disorder before and after dialectical behavior therapy. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 267(1), 5162.Google Scholar
Young, K. D., Zotev, V., Phillips, R., Misaki, M., Yuan, H., Drevets, W. C., & Bodurka, J. (2014). Real-time fMRI neurofeedback training of amygdala activity in patients with major depressive disorder. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e88785.Google Scholar
Zaehringer, J., Ende, G., Santangelo, P., Kleindienst, N., Ruf, M., Bertsch, K., … Paret, C. (2019). Improved emotion regulation after neurofeedback: A single-arm trial in patients with borderline personality disorder. Retrieved from psyarxiv.com/wemfqGoogle Scholar
Zilverstand, A., Sorger, B., Sarkheil, P., & Goebel, R. (2014). Towards therapy in the scanner: Enhancing fear regulation in spider phobia through fMRI neurofeedback. Paper presented at the Human Brain Mapping conference, Hamburg.Google Scholar
Zotev, V., Krueger, F., Phillips, R., Alvarez, R. P., Simmons, W. K., Bellgowan, P., … Bodurka, J. (2011). Self-regulation of amygdala activation using real-time FMRI neurofeedback. PLoS ONE, 6(9), e24522.Google Scholar

References

Ahmed, S. P., Bittencourt-Hewitt, A., & Sebastian, C. L. (2015). Neurocognitive bases of emotion regulation development in adolescence. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 1125.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., Hinshaw, S. P., & Bridge, J. A. (2019). Nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors in girls: The case for targeted prevention in preadolescence. Clinical Psychological Science, 7, 643667.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P., Sauder, C. L., Derbidge, C. M., & Uyeji, L. L. (2019). Self-injuring adolescent girls exhibit insular cortex volumetric abnormalities that are similar to those observed in adults with borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology. doi:10.1017/S0954579418000822Google Scholar
Crowell, S. E., Kaufman, E. A., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2014). A biosocial model of BPD: Theory and empirical evidence. In Sharp, C. & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.), Handbook of Borderline Personality Disorder in Children and Adolescents (pp. 143157). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
McCauley, E., Berk, M. S., Asarnow, J. R., Adrian, M., Cohen, J., Korslund, K., … Linehan, M. M. (2018). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents at high risk for suicide: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 777785.Google Scholar
Mehlum, L., Tørmoen, A. J., Ramberg, M., Haga, E., Diep, L. M., Laberg, S., … Grøholt, B. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: A randomized trialJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry53, 10821091.Google Scholar
Miller, A. B., & Prinstein, M. J. (2019). Adolescent suicide as a failure of acute stress-response systems. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 21.121.26.Google Scholar
Perepletchikova, F., Nathanson, D., Axelrod, S. R., Merrill, C., Walker, A., Grossman, M., … Walkup, J. (2017). Randomized clinical trial of dialectical behavior therapy for preadolescent children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Feasibility and outcomesJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry56, 832840.Google Scholar
Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ystrom, E., Neale, M. C., Aggen, S. H., Mazzeo, S. E., Knudsen, G. P., … Kendler, K. S. (2013). Structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for symptoms of DSM-IV borderline personality disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 12061214.Google Scholar

References

Abram, S. V., Wisner, K. M., Grazioplene, R. G., Krueger, R. F., MacDonald, A. W., & DeYoung, C. G. (2015). Functional coherence of insula networks is associated with externalizing behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124, 10791091.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M. (1966). The classification of children’s psychiatric symptoms: A factor-analytic studyPsychological Monographs: General and Applied80(7), 137.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M. (1974). Developmental Psychopathology. Oxford: Ronald Press.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification of child psychopathology: A review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 12751301.Google Scholar
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1984). Psychopathology of childhoodAnnual Review of Psychology35, 227256.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (revised 3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Andershed, H., Gustafson, S. B., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2002). The usefulness of self‐reported psychopathy‐like traits in the study of antisocial behaviour among non‐referred adolescentsEuropean Journal of Personality16(5), 383402.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. L., Sellbom, M., Wygant, D. B., Salekin, R. T., & Krueger, R. F. (2014). Examining the associations between DSM-5 Section III antisocial personality disorder traits and psychopathy in community and university samplesJournal of Personality Disorders, 28(5), 675697.Google Scholar
Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHDPsychological Bulletin121(1), 6594.Google Scholar
Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Blonigen, D. M., & Krueger, R. F. (2003). Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory: Validity and implications for clinical assessmentPsychological Assessment15(3), 340350.Google Scholar
Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). Psychopathy, startle blink modulation, and electrodermal reactivity in twin menPsychophysiology, 42(6), 753762.Google Scholar
Black, D. W., Gunter, T., Loveless, P., Allen, J., & Sieleni, B. (2010). Antisocial personality disorder in incarcerated offenders: Psychiatric comorbidity and quality of lifeAnnals of Clinical Psychiatry22(2), 113120.Google Scholar
Blair, R. J. R. (2001). Neurocognitive models of aggression, the antisocial personality disorders, and psychopathyJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry71, 727731.Google Scholar
Blonigen, D. M., Patrick, C. J., Douglas, K. S., Poythress, N. G., Skeem, J. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., … Krueger, R. F. (2010). Multimethod assessment of psychopathy in relation to factors of internalizing and externalizing from the Personality Assessment Inventory: The impact of method variance and suppressor effectsPsychological Assessment22(1), 96107.Google Scholar
Borenstein, M. H., & Seuss, P. E. (2000). Physiological self‐regulation and information processing in infancy: Cardiac vagal tone and habituationChild Development71(2), 273287.Google Scholar
Brislin, S. J., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Joiner, T. E., & Patrick, C. J. (2016). “Do unto others”? Distinct psychopathy facets predict reduced perception and tolerance of painPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7(3), 240246.Google Scholar
Brislin, S. J., Drislane, L. E., Smith, S. T., Edens, J. F., & Patrick, C. J. (2015). Development and validation of triarchic psychopathy scales from the Multidimensional Personality QuestionnairePsychological Assessment27(3), 838851.Google Scholar
Brislin, S. J., & Patrick, C. J. (2019). Callousness and affective face processing: Clarifying the neural basis of behavioral-recognition deficits through use of ERPs. Clinical Psychological Science. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/2167702619856342Google Scholar
Brislin, S. J., Yancey, J. R., Perkins, E. R., Palumbo, I. M., Drislane, L. E., Salekin, R. T., … Patrick, C. J. (2018). Callousness and affective face processing in adults: Behavioral and brain-potential indicatorsPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(2), 122132.Google Scholar
Caldwell, M., Skeem, J., Salekin, R., & Van Rybrock, G. (2006). Treatment response of adolescent offenders with psychopathy features: A 2-year follow-up. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 33, 571596.Google Scholar
Cheng, Y., Hung, A. Y., & Decety, J. (2012). Dissociation between affective sharing and emotion understanding in juvenile psychopathsDevelopment and Psychopathology24(2), 623636.Google Scholar
Clark, K. B., Naritoku, D. K., Smith, D. C., Browning, R. A., & Jensen, R. A. (1999). Enhanced recognition memory following vagus nerve stimulation in human subjectsNature Neuroscience2(1), 9498.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disordersJournal of Abnormal Psychology103(1), 103116.Google Scholar
Cleckley, H. (1976). The Mask of Sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis.: Mosby. (Original edition published in 1941)Google Scholar
Cohn, M. D., Popma, A., van den Brink, W., Pape, L. E., Kindt, M., van Domburgh, L., … Veltman, D. J. (2013). Fear conditioning, persistence of disruptive behavior and psychopathic traits: An fMRI studyTranslational Psychiatry3(10), e319.Google Scholar
Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (2001). Refining the construct of psychopathy: Towards a hierarchical modelPsychological Assessment13(2), 171188.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Cleckley’s psychopaths: RevisitedJournal of Abnormal Psychology125(1), 7587.Google Scholar
Dawel, A., O’Kearney, R., McKone, E., & Palermo, R. (2012). Not just fear and sadness: Meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathyNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews36(10), 22882304.Google Scholar
Dikman, Z. V., & Allen, J. J. (2000). Error monitoring during reward and avoidance learning in high‐and low‐socialized individuals. Psychophysiology37(1), 4354.Google Scholar
Dindo, L., & Fowles, D. (2011). Dual temperamental risk factors for psychopathic personality: Evidence from self-report and skin conductanceJournal of Personality and Social Psychology100(3), 557566.Google Scholar
Drislane, L. E., Brislin, S. J., Jones, S., & Patrick, C. J. (2018). Interfacing five-factor model and triarchic conceptualizations of psychopathyPsychological Assessment, 30(6), 834840.Google Scholar
Drislane, L. E., Brislin, S. J., Kendler, K. S., Andershed, H., Larsson, H., & Patrick, C. J. (2015). A triarchic model analysis of the Youth Psychopathic Traits InventoryJournal of Personality Disorders29(1), 1541.Google Scholar
Drislane, L. E., Patrick, C. J., & Arsal, G. (2014). Clarifying the content coverage of differing psychopathy inventories through reference to the triarchic psychopathy measurePsychological Assessment26(2), 350362.Google Scholar
Drislane, L. E., Vaidyanathan, U., & Patrick, C. J. (2013). Reduced cortical call to arms differentiates psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder. Psychological Medicine43, 825835.Google Scholar
Dvorak‐Bertsch, J. D., Curtin, J. J., Rubinstein, T. J., & Newman, J. P. (2009). Psychopathic traits moderate the interaction between cognitive and affective processingPsychophysiology46, 913921.Google Scholar
Esteller, À., Poy, R., & Moltó, J. (2016). Deficient aversive-potentiated startle and the Triarchic model of psychopathy: The role of boldnessBiological Psychology117, 131140.Google Scholar
Falkenbach, D. M., Stern, S. B., & Creevy, C. (2014). Psychopathy variants: Empirical evidence supporting a subtyping model in a community samplePersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment5(1), 1019.Google Scholar
Fein, G., Klein, L., & Finn, P. (2004). Impairment on a simulated gambling task in long‐term abstinent alcoholicsAlcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research28(10), 14871491.Google Scholar
Finger, E. C., Marsh, A. A., Blair, K. S., Reid, M. E., Sims, C., Ng, P., … Blair, R. J. R. (2011). Disrupted reinforcement signaling in the orbitofrontal cortex and caudate in youths with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder and a high level of psychopathic traitsAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 168(2), 152162.Google Scholar
Finger, E. C., Marsh, A. A., Mitchell, D. G., Reid, M. E., Sims, C., Budhani, S., … Blair, J. R. (2008). Abnormal ventromedial prefrontal cortex function in children with psychopathic traits during reversal learningArchives of General Psychiatry65(5), 586594.Google Scholar
Foell, J., Brislin, S. J., Strickland, C. M., Seo, D., Sabatinelli, D., & Patrick, C. J. (2015). Externalizing proneness and brain response during pre-cuing and viewing of emotional picturesSocial Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience11(7), 11021110.Google Scholar
Fowles, D. C. (1980). The three arousal model: Implications of Gray’s two-factor learning theory for heart rate, electrodermal activity, and psychopathy. Psychophysiology, 17(2), 87104.Google Scholar
Frick, P. J. (2004). The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits. Unpublished rating scale.Google Scholar
Frick, P. J., & Hare, R. D. (2001). The Antisocial Process Screening Device. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Frick, P. J., Ray, J. V., Thornton, L. C., & Kahn, R. E. (2014). Can callous-unemotional traits enhance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of serious conduct problems in children and adolescents? A comprehensive reviewPsychological Bulletin140(1), 157.Google Scholar
Gorenstein, E. E., & Newman, J. P. (1980). Disinhibitory psychopathology: A new perspective and a model for researchPsychological Review87(3), 301315.Google Scholar
Hall, J. R., Bernat, E. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2007). Externalizing psychopathology and the error-related negativityPsychological Science18(4), 326333.Google Scholar
Hall, J. R., Drislane, L. E., Murano, M., Patrick, C. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Poythress, N. G. (2014). Development and validation of triarchic construct scales from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 447461.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1965). Temporal gradient of fear arousal in psychopathsJournal of Abnormal Psychology70, 442445.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has comeCriminal Justice and Behavior23(1), 2554.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (2nd ed.). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D., Hart, S. D., & Harpur, T. J. (1991). Psychopathy and the DSM-IV criteria for antisocial personality disorderJournal of Abnormal Psychology100(3), 391398.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical constructAnnual Review of Clinical Psychology4, 217246.Google Scholar
Harpur, T. J., Hare, R. D., & Hakstian, A. R. (1989). Two-factor conceptualization of psychopathy: Construct validity and assessment implicationsPsychological Assessment1(1), 617.Google Scholar
Herbert, C., Kissler, J., Junghöfer, M., Peyk, P., & Rockstroh, B. (2006). Processing of emotional adjectives: Evidence from startle EMG and ERPsPsychophysiology43(2), 197206.Google Scholar
Hicks, B. M., Bernat, E. M., Malone, S. M., Iacono, W. G., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F., & McGue, M. (2007). Genes mediate the association between P300 amplitude and externalizing psychopathology. Psychophysiology, 44(1), 98105.Google Scholar
Hicks, B. M., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F., & Newman, J. P. (2004). Identifying psychopathy subtypes on the basis of personality structure. Psychological Assessment, 16, 276288.Google Scholar
Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2006). Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostilityJournal of Abnormal Psychology115(2), 276287.Google Scholar
Hicks, B. M., Vaidyanathan, U., & Patrick, C. J. (2010). Validating female psychopathy subtypes: Differences in personality, antisocial and violent behavior, substance abuse, trauma, and mental healthPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment1(1), 3857.Google Scholar
Iacono, W. G., Carlson, S. R., Malone, S. M., & McGue, M. (2002). P3 event-related potential amplitude and risk for disinhibitory disorders in adolescent boys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 750757.Google Scholar
Jones, A. P., Laurens, K. R., Herba, C. M., Barker, G. J., & Viding, E. (2009). Amygdala hypoactivity to fearful faces in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 95102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahn, J., Ducharme, P., Travers, B., & Gonzalez-Heydrich, J. (2009). RAGE control: Regulate and gain emotional control. In Bushko, R. G. (Ed.) Strategy for the Future of Health (pp. 335343). Amsterdam: IOS Press.Google Scholar
Karpman, B. (1941). On the need for separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: Symptomatic and idiopathic. Journal of Criminology and Psychopathology, 3, 112137.Google Scholar
Kass, F., Skodol, A. E., Charles, E., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (1985). Scaled ratings of DSM-III personality disordersAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 142(5), 627630.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Prescott, C. A., Myers, J., & Neale, M. C. (2003). The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 929937.Google Scholar
Konicar, L., Veit, R., Eisenbarth, H., Barth, B., Tonin, P., Strehl, U., & Birbaumer, N. (2015). Brain self-regulation in criminal psychopathsScientific Reports5, 9426.Google Scholar
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., … Eaton, N. R. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologiesJournal of Abnormal Psychology126(4), 454477.Google Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1915). Psychiatrie: Ein lehrbuch (8th ed.). Leipzig: Barth.Google Scholar
Kramer, M. D., Patrick, C. J., Krueger, R. F., & Gasperi, M. (2012). Delineating physiologic defensive reactivity in the domain of self-report: Phenotypic and etiologic structure of dispositional fearPsychological Medicine42, 13051320.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krueger, R. F. (1999). The structure of common mental disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 921926.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1998). The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM-III-R): A longitudinal-epidemiological studyJournal of Abnormal Psychology107(2), 216227.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 18791890.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Hicks, B., Patrick, C. J., Carlson, S., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2002). Etiologic connections among substance dependence, antisocial behavior, and personality: Modeling the externalizing spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 411424.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., Benning, S. D., & Kramer, M. (2007). Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: An integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 645666.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2001). The higher-order structure of common DSM mental disorders: Internalization, externalization, and their connections to personalityPersonality and Individual Differences30(7), 12451259.Google Scholar
Kwako, L. E., Momenan, R., Litten, R. Z., Koob, G. F., & Goldman, D. (2016). Addictions neuroclinical assessment: A neuroscience-based framework for addictive disordersBiological Psychiatry80(3), 179189.Google Scholar
Levenson, M. R., Kiehl, K. A., & Fitzpatrick, C. M. (1995). Assessing psychopathic attributes in a noninstitutionalized populationJournal of Personality and Social Psychology68(1), 151158.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996). Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of psychopathic personality traits in noncriminal populations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 488524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lilienfeld, S. O., Smith, S. F., Sauvigné, K. C., Patrick, C. J., Drislane, L. E., Latzman, R. D., & Krueger, R. F. (2016). Is boldness relevant to psychopathic personality? Meta-analytic relations with non-Psychopathy Checklist-based measures of psychopathyPsychological Assessment28(10), 11721185.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Widows, M. R. (2005). Psychopathic Personality Inventory—Revised (PPI-R) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Lockwood, P. L., Sebastian, C. L., McCrory, E. J., Hyde, Z. H., Gu, X., De Brito, S. A., & Viding, E. (2013). Association of callous traits with reduced neural response to others’ pain in children with conduct problemsCurrent Biology23(10), 901905.Google Scholar
Lorber, M. F. (2004). Psychophysiology of aggression, psychopathy, and conduct problems: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 531552.Google Scholar
Lozier, L. M., Cardinale, E. M., VanMeter, J. W., & Marsh, A. A. (2014). Mediation of the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and proactive aggression by amygdala response to fear among children with conduct problemsJAMA Psychiatry, 71(6), 627636.Google Scholar
Lykken, D. T. (1957). A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, 55, 610.Google Scholar
Lykken, D. T. (1995). The Antisocial Personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Miller, D. J., Mullins-Sweatt, S., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). Assessing the basic traits associated with psychopathy: Development and validation of the Elemental Psychopathy AssessmentPsychological Assessment23, 108124.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Vachon, D. D. (2012). Antisocial personality disorder in DSM-5: Missteps and missed opportunitiesPersonality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment3(4), 483495.Google Scholar
Marsh, A. A., Finger, E. C., Fowler, K. A., Adalio, C. J., Jurkowitz, I. T., Schechter, J. C., … Blair, R. J. R. (2013). Empathic responsiveness in amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex in youths with psychopathic traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry54(8), 900910.Google Scholar
Marsh, A., Finger, E., Mitchell, D., Reid, M., Sims, C., Kosson, D. S., …Blair, R. J. R. (2008). Reduced amygdala response to fearful expressions in children and adolescents with callous-unemotional traits and disruptive behavior disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry165, 712720.Google Scholar
McCord, W., & McCord, J. (1964). The Psychopath: An Essay on the Criminal Mind. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Michalska, K. J., Zeffiro, T. A., & Decety, J. (2016). Brain response to viewing others being harmed in children with conduct disorder symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57(4), 510519.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2012). An examination of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory’s nomological network: A meta-analytic review. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3, 305326.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T., & Leukefeld, C. (2001). Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: Can the five factor model adequately represent psychopathy? Journal of Personality, 69, 253276.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Rausher, S., Hyatt, C. S., Maples, J., & Zeichner, A. (2014). Examining the relations among pain tolerance, psychopathic traits, and violent and nonviolent antisocial behaviorJournal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(1), 205213.Google Scholar
National Research Council (2015). Measuring Human Capabilities: An Agenda for Basic Research on the Assessment of Individual and Group Performance Potential for Military Accession. Committee on Measuring Human Capabilities, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Nelson, L. D., Patrick, C. J., & Bernat, E. M. (2011). Operationalizing proneness to externalizing psychopathology as a multivariate psychophysiological phenotype. Psychophysiology, 48, 6472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, L. D., Strickland, C., Krueger, R. F., Arbisi, P. A., & Patrick, C. J. (2016). Neurobehavioral traits as transdiagnostic predictors of clinical problemsAssessment23(1), 7585.Google Scholar
Ortiz, J., & Raine, A. (2004). Heart rate level and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 154162.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J. (1994). Emotion and psychopathy: Startling new insights. Psychophysiology31, 319330.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J. (2010). Operationalizing the Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Preliminary description of brief scales for assessment of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Unpublished test manual. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., & Bernat, E. (2009). Neurobiology of psychopathy: A two-process theory. In Berntson, G. G. & Cacioppo, J. T. (Eds.), Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences (pp. 11101131). New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., Bernat, E., Malone, S. M., Iacono, W. G., Krueger, R. F., & McGue, M. K. (2006). P300 amplitude as an indicator of externalizing in adolescent males. Psychophysiology, 43, 8492.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., & Drislane, L. E. (2015). Triarchic model of psychopathy: Origins, operationalizations, and observed linkages with personality and general psychopathologyJournal of Personality83(6), 627643.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., Durbin, C. E., & Moser, J. S. (2012). Reconceptualizing antisocial deviance in neurobehavioral termsDevelopment and Psychopathology24, 10471071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patrick, C. J., Fowles, D. C., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 913938.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., Iacono, W. G., & Venables, N. C. (2019). Incorporating neurophysiological measures into clinical assessments: Fundamental challenges and a strategy for addressing them. Psychological Assessment. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/pas0000713Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., Venables, N. C., Yancey, J. R., Hicks, B. M., Nelson, L. D., & Kramer, M. D. (2013). A construct-network approach to bridging diagnostic and physiological domains: Application to assessment of externalizing psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 902916.Google Scholar
Paulhus, D. L., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2014). Manual for the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556563.Google Scholar
Pinel, P. (1962). A Treatise on Insanity (trans. Davis, D.). New York: Hafner. (Original edition published in 1801)Google Scholar
Poy, R., Segarra, P., Esteller, À., López, R., & Moltó, J. (2014). FFM description of the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy in men and womenPsychological Assessment26(1), 6976.Google Scholar
Prichard, J. C. (1837). A Treatise on Insanity and other Disorders Affecting the Mind . Philadelphia, PA: Haswell, Barrington, and Haswell.Google Scholar
Rush, B. (1823). An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits upon the Human Body and Mind: With an account of the Means of Preventing, and of the Remedies for Curing Them (8th ed.). Boston, MA: James Loring.Google Scholar
Salekin, R. T., Andershed, H., & Clark, A. P. (2018) Psychopathy in children and adolescents: Assessment and critical questions regarding conceptualization. In Patrick, C. J. (Ed.), Handbook of Psychopathy (2nd ed., pp. 479508). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Sellbom, M., & Phillips, T. R. (2013). An examination of the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy in incarcerated and nonincarcerated samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology122(1), 208214.Google Scholar
Skeem, J. L., Johansson, P., Andershed, H., Kerr, M., & Louden, J. E. (2007). Two subtypes of psychopathic violent offenders that parallel primary and secondary variants. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 395409.Google Scholar
Skeem, J. L., Polaschek, D. L., Patrick, C. J., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Psychopathic personality: Bridging the gap between scientific evidence and public policyPsychological Science in the Public Interest12(3), 95162.Google Scholar
Strickland, C. M., Drislane, L. E., Lucy, M., Krueger, R. F., & Patrick, C. J. (2013). Characterizing psychopathy using DSM-5 personality traits. Assessment20, 327338.Google Scholar
Tellegen, A. (2011). Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. G. (2008). Exploring personality through test construction: Development of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. In Boyle, G. J., Matthews, G., & Saklofske, D. H. (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Testing: Personality Measurement and Assessment (Vol. II, pp. 261292). London: Sage.Google Scholar
Vaidyanathan, U., Hall, J. R., Patrick, C. J., & Bernat, E. M. (2011). Clarifying the role of defensive reactivity deficits in psychopathy and antisocial personality using startle reflex methodologyJournal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 253258.Google Scholar
Vaidyanathan, U., Patrick, C. J., & Bernat, E. M. (2009). Startle reflex potentiation during aversive picture viewing as an indicator of trait fear. Psychophysiology46, 7585.Google Scholar
Venables, N. C., Foell, J., Yancey, J. R., Kane, M. J., Engle, R. W., & Patrick, C. J. (2018). Quantifying inhibitory control as externalizing proneness: A cross-domain model. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(4), 561580.Google Scholar
Venables, N. C., Hall, J. R., & Patrick, C. J. (2014). Differentiating psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder: A triarchic model perspective. Psychological Medicine, 44, 10051013.Google Scholar
Venables, N. C., Hall, J. R., Yancey, J. R., & Patrick, C. J. (2015). Factors of psychopathy and electrocortical response to emotional pictures: Further evidence for a two-process theoryJournal of Abnormal Psychology124(2), 319328.Google Scholar
Venables, N. C., & Patrick, C. J. (2012). Validity of the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory in a criminal offender sample: Relations with disinhibitory psychopathology, personality, and psychopathic features. Psychological Assessment, 24, 88100.Google Scholar
Venables, N. C., Sellbom, M., Sourander, A., Kendler, K. S., Joiner, T. E., Drislane, L. E., … Patrick, C. J. (2015). Separate and interactive contributions of weak inhibitory control and threat sensitivity to prediction of suicide riskPsychiatry Research226(2), 461466.Google Scholar
Verona, E., Patrick, C. J., & Joiner, T. E. (2001). Psychopathy, antisocial personality, and suicide riskJournal of Abnormal Psychology110(3), 462470.Google Scholar
Viding, E., Sebastian, C. L., Dadds, M. R., Lockwood, P. L., Cecil, C. A., De Brito, S. A., & McCrory, E. J. (2012). Amygdala response to preattentive masked fear in children with conduct problems: The role of callous-unemotional traitsAmerican Journal of Psychiatry169(10), 11091116.Google Scholar
Wall, T. D., Wygant, D. B., & Sellbom, M. (2015). Boldness explains a key difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 22(1), 94105.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Hurt, S. W., Frances, A., Clarkin, J. F., & Gilmore, M. (1984). Diagnostic efficiency and DSM-IIIArchives of General Psychiatry41(10), 10051012.Google Scholar
White, S. F., Brislin, S. J., Sinclair, S., Fowler, K. A., Pope, K., & Blair, R. J. R. (2013). The relationship between large cavum septum pellucidum and antisocial behavior, callous‐unemotional traits and psychopathy in adolescentsJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry54(5), 575581.Google Scholar
White, S. F., Fowler, K. A., Sinclair, S., Schechter, J. C, Majestic, C. M., Pine, D. S, & Blair, R. J. (2014). Disrupted expected value signaling in youth with disruptive behavior disorders to environmental reinforcers. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(5), 579588.Google Scholar
Yancey, J. R., Venables, N. C., Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2013). Evidence for a heritable brain basis to deviance-promoting deficits in self-controlJournal of Criminal Justice41, 309317.Google Scholar
Yancey, J. R., Venables, N. C., & Patrick, C. J. (2016). Psychoneurometric operationalization of threat sensitivity: Relations with clinical symptom and physiological response criteriaPsychophysiology53(3), 393405.Google Scholar
Yoder, K. J., Lahey, B. B., & Decety, J. (2016). Callous traits in children with and without conduct problems predict reduced connectivity when viewing harm to others. Scientific Reports, 6, 20216.Google Scholar
Young, S. E., Friedman, N. P., Miyake, A., Willcutt, E. G., Corley, R. P., Haberstick, B. C., & Hewitt, J. K. (2009). Behavioral disinhibition: Liability for externalizing spectrum disorders and its genetic and environmental relation to response inhibition across adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 117130.Google Scholar
Young, S. E., Stallings, M. C., Corley, R. P., Krauter, K. S., & Hewitt, J. K. (2000). Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibitionAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics96(5), 684695.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., & Coryell, W. H. (1990). Diagnosing personality disorders in the community: A comparison of self-report and interview measuresArchives of General Psychiatry47(6), 527531.Google Scholar

References

Buckels, E. E., Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism. Psychological Science, 24(11), 22012209.Google Scholar
Cleckley, H. (1976). The Mask of Sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis.: Mosby. (Original edition published in 1941)Google Scholar
Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Cleckley’s psychopaths: Revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 7587.Google Scholar
Fulton, J. J., Marcus, D. K., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2014). Psychopathic personality traits predict risky sexual behavior among college-age women. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33, 143168.Google Scholar
Gatner, D. T., Douglas, K. S., & Hart, S. D. (2016). Examining the incremental and interactive effects of boldness with meanness and disinhibition within the triarchic model of psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 259268.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R): Technical Manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct: Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22, 446454.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D., Neumann, C. S., & Mokros, A. (2018). The PCL-R assessment of psychopathy. In Patrick, C. J. (Ed.), Handbook of Psychopathy (2nd ed., pp. 3979). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Karpman, B. (1948). The myth of the psychopathic personality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 104, 523534.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O. (2013). Is psychopathy a syndrome? Comment on Marcus, Fulton, and Edens. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 8586.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., Patrick, C. J., Benning, S. D., Berg, J., Sellbom, M., & Edens, J. F. (2012). The role of fearless dominance in psychopathy: Confusions, controversies, and clarifications. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 327340.Google Scholar
Marcus, D. K., Fulton, J. J., & Edens, J. F. (2013). The two-factor model of psychopathic personality: Evidence from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 6776.Google Scholar
Marcus, D. K., & Norris, A. L. (2014). A new measure of attitudes toward sexually predatory tactics and its relation to the triarchic model of psychopathy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 247261.Google Scholar
Marcus, D. K., Robinson, S. L., & Eichenbaum, A. E. (2019). Externalizing behavior and psychopathy: A social relations analysis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 33, 310325.Google Scholar
McCord, W., & McCord, J. (1964). The Psychopath: An Essay on the Criminal Mind. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lamkin, J., Maples-Keller, J., Sleep, C. E., & Lynam, D. R. (2018). A test of the empirical profile and coherence of the DSM-5 psychopathy specifier. Psychological Assessment, 30, 870881.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2012). An examination of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory’s nomological network: A meta-analytic review. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3, 305326.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2015). Psychopathy and personality: Advances and debates. Journal of Personality, 83, 585592.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Maples-Keller, J. L., & Lynam, D. R. (2016). An examination of the three components of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory: Profile comparisons and tests of moderation. Psychological Assessment, 28, 692701.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J. (2010). Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM). PhenX Toolkit Online assessment catalog. Retrieved from www.phenxtoolkit.org/index.php?pageLink=browse.protocoldetails&id=121601Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., & Drislane, L. E. (2015). Triarchic model of psychopathy: Origins, operationalizations, and observed linkages with personality and general psychopathology.  Journal of Personality83(6), 627643.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., Fowles, D. C., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 913938.Google Scholar
Poythress, N. G., & Hall, J. R. (2011). Psychopathy and impulsivity reconsidered. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16, 120134.Google Scholar
Preszler, J., Marcus, D. K., Edens, J. F., & McDermott, B. E. (2018). Network analysis of psychopathy in forensic inpatients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 171182.Google Scholar
Robins, L. N. (1966). Deviant Children Grown Up. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological Assessment, 22, 433445.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T., Edens, J. F., & McDermott, B. E. (2013). Fearless dominance and self-centered impulsivity interact to predict predatory aggression among forensic psychiatric inpatients. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 12, 3341.Google Scholar
Sylvers, P., Landfield, K. E., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2011). Heavy episodic drinking in college students: Associations with features of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Journal of American College Health, 59, 367372.Google Scholar
van Geel, M., Goemans, A., Toprak, F., & Vedder, P. (2017). Which personality traits are related to traditional bullying and cyberbullying? A study with the big five, dark triad and sadism. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 231235.Google Scholar
Venables, N. C., Hall, J. R., & Patrick, C. J. (2014). Differentiating psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder: A triarchic model perspective. Psychological Medicine, 44, 10051013.Google Scholar
Verschuere, B., van Ghesel Grothe, S., Waldorp, L., Watts, A. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Edens, J. F., … Noordhof, A. (2018). What features of psychopathy might be central? A network analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) in three large samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 5165.Google Scholar
Wall, T. D., Wygant, D. B., & Sellbom, M. (2014). Boldness explains a key difference between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law, 22(1), 94105.Google Scholar

References

Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Kandler, C., Riemann, R., … Donnellan, M. B. (in press). The healthy personality from a basic trait perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.Google Scholar
Blonigen, D. M. (2013). Is fearless dominance relevant to the construct of psychopathy? Reconciling the dual roles of theory and clinical utility. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 8788.Google Scholar
Cleckley, H. (1976). The Mask of Sanity (5th ed.). St. Louis.: Mosby. (Original edition published in 1941).Google Scholar
Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Cleckley’s psychopaths: Revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 7587.Google Scholar
Crowe, M. L., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Uncovering the structure of agreeableness from self-report measures. Journal of Personality, 86, 771787.Google Scholar
Gatner, D. T., Douglas, K. S., & Hart, S. D. (2016). Examining the incremental and interactive effects of boldness with meanness and disinhibition within the triarchic model of psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 259268.Google Scholar
Gatner, D. T., Douglas, K. S., & Hart, S. D. (2018). Comparing the lexical similarity of the triarchic model of psychopathy to contemporary models of psychopathy. Journal of Personality, 86(4), 577589Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R): Technical Manual (2nd ed.). Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Hyatt, C. S., Crowe, M. L., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (in press). Components of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy and the Five-Factor Model domains share largely overlapping nomological networks. Assessment.Google Scholar
Karpman, B. (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: The symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminology and Psychopathology, 3, 112137.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, B. P. (1996). Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of psychopathic personality traits in noncriminal population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 488524.Google Scholar
Lilienfeld, S. O., Patrick, C. J., Benning, S. D., Berg, J., Sellbom, M., & Edens, J. F. (2012). The role of fearless dominance in psychopathy: Confusions, controversies, and clarifications. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 327340.Google Scholar
Lykken, D. T. (1995). The Antisocial Personalities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R. (1997). Pursuing the psychopath: Capturing the fledgling psychopath in a nomological net. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 425438.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Raine, A., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2005). Adolescent psychopathy and the Big Five: Results from two samples. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, 431443.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., Gaughan, E. T., Miller, J. D., Miller, D. J., Mullins-Sweatt, S., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). Assessing the basic traits associated with psychopathy: Development and validation of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment. Psychological Assessment, 23, 108124.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2012). Fearless dominance and psychopathy: Response to Lilienfeld et al. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3, 341353.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2015). Psychopathy from a basic trait perspective: The utility of a five-factor model approach. Journal of Personality, 83, 611626.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2019). On the ubiquity and importance of antagonism. In Miller, J. D. & Lynam, D. R. (Eds.), The Handbook of Antagonism: Conceptualizations, Assessment, Consequences, and Treatment of the Low End of Agreeableness (pp. 124). London: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Maples, J., Miller, J. D., Fortune, E., MacKillop, J., Campbell, W. K., Lynam, D. R., … Goodie, A. S. (2014). An examination of the correlates of fearless dominance and self-centered impulsivity among high frequency gamblers. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28, 379393.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lamkin, J., Maples-Keller, J. L., & Lynam, D. R. (2016). Viewing the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy through general personality and expert-based lenses. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 247258.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2012). An examination of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory’s nomological network: A meta-analytic review. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3, 305326.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Maples-Keller, J. L., & Lynam, D. R. (2016). An examination of the three components of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory: Profile comparisons and tests of moderation. Psychological Assessment, 28, 692701.Google Scholar
Neumann, C. S., Uzieblo, K., Crombez, G., & Hare, R. D. (2013). Understanding the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) in terms of unidimensionality, orthogonality, and construct validity of PPI-I and -11. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4, 7779.Google Scholar
Shou, Y., Sellbom, M., & Xu, J. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure: An item response theory approach. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9, 217227.Google Scholar
Sleep, C. E., Weiss, B., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2019). An examination of the Triarchic Model of psychopathy’s nomological network: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 71, 126.Google Scholar
Vize, C. E., Collison, K. L., Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2019). Using Bayesian methods to update and expand the meta-analytic evidence of the Five-Factor Model’s relation to antisocial behavior. Clinical Psychology Review, 67, 6177.Google Scholar
Vize, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Lamkin, J., Miller, J. D., & Pardini, D. (2016). Identifying essential features of juvenile psychopathy in the prediction of later antisocial behavior: Is there an additive, synergistic, or curvilinear role for Fearless Dominance? Clinical Psychological Science, 4 , 572590.Google Scholar

References

Drislane, L. E., Brislin, S. J., Jones, S., & Patrick, C. J. (2018). Interfacing five-factor model and triarchic conceptualizations of psychopathy. Psychological Assessment, 30(6), 834840.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J. (2018). Handbook of Psychopathy (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Patrick, C. J., Iacono, W. G., & Venables, N. C. (2019). Incorporating neurophysiological measures into clinical assessments: Fundamental challenges and a strategy for addressing them. Psychological Assessment. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/pas0000713Google Scholar
Poy, R., Segarra, P., Esteller, À., López, R., & Moltó, J. (2014). FFM description of the triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy in men and women. Psychological Assessment, 26, 6976.Google Scholar

References

Ackerman, R. A., Hands, A. J., Donnellan, M. B., Hopwood, C. J., & Witt, E. A. (2017). Experts’ views regarding the conceptualization of narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 346361.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Bach, B., Markon, K., Simonsen, E., & Krueger, R. (2015) Clinical utility of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders: Six cases from practice. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 21, 123.Google Scholar
Bakkevig, J. F., & Karterud, S. (2010). Is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, histrionic personality disorder category a valid construct? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 462470.Google Scholar
Ball, S. A., Rounsaville, B. J., Tennen, H., & Kranzler, H. R. (2001). Reliability of personality disorder symptoms and personality traits in substance-dependent inpatients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 341352.Google Scholar
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2010). Grandiose narcissism versus vulnerable narcissism in threatening situations: Emotional reactions to achievement failure and interpersonal rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 874902.Google Scholar
Besser, A., Zeigler-Hill, V., Weinberg, M., & Pincus, A. P. (2016). Do great expectations lead to great disappointments? Pathological narcissism and the evaluation of vacation experiences. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 7579.Google Scholar
Blagov, P. S., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2007). Histrionic personality disorder. In O’Donohue, W., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (Eds.), Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V (pp. 203232). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Blagov, P. S., & Westen, D. (2008). Questioning the coherence of histrionic personality disorder: Borderline and hysterical personality subtypes in adults and adolescents. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 785797.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Davis, R. T. (1993). Dependent and histrionic personality disorders. In Sutker, P. B. & Adams, H. E. (Eds), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology (pp. 395409). New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Intoccia, V. (2000). Growth of the literature on the topic of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 472473.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., Reynolds, S. M., & Stennett, B. (2012). The death of histrionic personality disorder. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 603627). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Boon, S., & Draijer, N. (1993). The differentiation of patients with MPD or DDNOS from patients with a cluster B personality disorder. Dissociation, 6, 126135.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F., Denckla, C. A., & Chung, W. J. (2015). Dependent and histrionic personality disorders. In Blaney, P. H., Krueger, R. F., & Millon, T. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 659680). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bornstein, R. F., & Malka, I. L. (2009). Dependent and histrionic personality disorders. In Blaney, P. H., & Millon, T. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (pp. 602621). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bresin, K., & Gordon, K. H. (2011). Characterizing pathological narcissism in terms of the HEXACO model of personality. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33, 228235.Google Scholar
Buelow, M. T., & Brunell, A. B. (2014). Facets of narcissistic grandiosity predict involvement in health-risk behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 193198.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 638656.Google Scholar
Cale, E. M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2002). Sex differences in psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: A review and integration. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 11791207.Google Scholar
Caligor, E., Levy, K. N., & Yeomans, F. E. (2015). Narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 415422.Google Scholar
Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2013). Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and the Five-Factor Model: Delineating NPD, grandiose narcissism, and vulnerable narcissism. In Widiger, T. A. & Costa, P. T (Eds.), Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed., pp. 133146). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Carlson, E. N. (2013). Honestly arrogant or simply misunderstood? Narcissists’ awareness of their narcissism. Self and Identity, 12, 259277.Google Scholar
Carlson, E. N., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2015). The role of metaperception in personality disorders: Do people with personality problems know how others experience their personality? Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 449467.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A., Simms, L. J., Wu, K. D., & Casillas, A. (2008). Manual for the Schedule for Adaptive and Nonadaptive Personality (SNAP-2). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Clemence, A. J., Perry, J. C., & Plakun, E. M. (2009). Narcissistic and borderline personality disorders in a sample of treatment refractory patients. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 175184.Google Scholar
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FLPsychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2018a). Pathological narcissism and the severity, variability, and instability of depressive symptoms. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9, 144154.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., & Pincus, A.L. (2018b). A prospective study of pathological narcissism and shame. Manuscript under review.Google Scholar
Dawood, S., Schroeder, H. S., Donnellan, M. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2018). Pathological narcissism and non-suicidal self-injury. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32, 87108.Google Scholar
Decker, H. S. (2013). The Making of DSM-III: A Diagnostic Manual’s Conquest of American Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dhawan, N., Kunik, M. E., Oldham, J., & Coverdale, J. (2010). Prevalence and treatment of narcissistic personality disorder in the community: A systematic review. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 333339.Google Scholar
Dowgwillo, E. A., Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2016). The dark side of narcissism. In Zeigler-Hill, V. & Marcus, D. (Eds.), The Dark Side of Personality (pp. 2544). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Dyck, I. R., Phillips, K. A., Warshaw, M. G., Dolan, R. T., Shea, M. T., Stout, R. L., … Keller, M. B. (2001). Patterns of personality pathology in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with and without agoraphobia, and social phobia. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15, 6071.Google Scholar
Eaton, N. R., Rodriguez-Seijas, C., Krueger, R. F., Campbell, W. K., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Narcissistic personality disorder and the structure of common mental disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 449461.Google Scholar
Ekselius, L., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., & Fredrikson, M. (2001). Personality disorders in the general population: DSM-IV and ICD-10 defined prevalence as related to sociodemographic profile. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 311320.Google Scholar
Ellison, W. D., Levy, K. N., Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The impact of pathological narcissism on psychotherapy utilization, initial symptom severity, and early-treatment symptom change: A naturalistic investigation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 291300.Google Scholar
Erkoreka, L., & Navarro, B. (2017). Vulnerable narcissism is associated with severity of depressive symptoms in dysthymic patients. Psychiatry Research, 257, 265269.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. J., & Negy, C. (2014). Development of a brief screening questionnaire for histrionic personality symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 124127.Google Scholar
Fetterman, A. K., & Robinson, M. D. (2010). Contingent self-importance among pathological narcissists: Evidence from an implicit task. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 691697.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2012). Psychodynamic models of personality disorders. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 345371). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ford, M. R., & Widiger, T. A. (1989). Sex bias in the diagnosis of histrionic and antisocial personality disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 301305.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1914). On narcissism. In Strachey, J. (Ed. and Trans.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XIV, pp. 66-102). London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1931). Libidinal types. In Strachey, J. (Ed. and Trans.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. XXII, pp. 310333). London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Garno, J. L., Goldberg, J. F., Ramirez, P. M., & Ritzler, B. A. (2005). Bipolar disorder with comorbid cluster B personality disorder features: Impact on suicidality. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 339345.Google Scholar
Glover, N., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). The five factor narcissism inventory: A five-factor measure of narcissistic personality traitsJournal of Personality Assessment94, 500512.Google Scholar
Goldberg, B. R., Serper, M. R., Sheets, M., Beech, D., Dill, C., & Duffy, K. G. (2007). Predictors of aggression on the psychiatric inpatient service: Self-esteem, narcissism, and theory of mind deficits. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 436442.Google Scholar
Gore, W. L., Tomiatti, M., & Widiger, T. A. (2011). The home for histrionism. Personality and Mental Health, 5, 5772.Google Scholar
Gore, W. L., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 363371.Google Scholar
Gould, C. S. (2011). Why the histrionic personality disorder should not be in the DSM: A new taxonomic and moral analysis. International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, 4(1), 2640.Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Ruan, W., & Pickering, R. P. (2004). Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 948958.Google Scholar
Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., Quinlan, D. M., Walker, M. L., Greenfeld, D., & Edell, W. S. (1998). Frequency of personality disorders in two age cohorts of psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 140142.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J., Ronningstam, E., & Bodkin, A. (1990). The diagnostic interview for narcissistic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 676680.Google Scholar
Gunderson, J., Ronningstam, E., & Smith, L. E. (1995). Narcissistic personality disorder. In Livesley, J. (Ed.), The DSM-IV Personality Disorder Diagnoses (pp. 201212). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2008). Psychopathy as a clinical and empirical construct. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 217246.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Huprich, S. K., Bohus, M., Chanen, A., Goodman, M., Mehlum, L., … Sharp, C. (2017). The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31 , 577589.Google Scholar
Hinrichs, J. (2016). Inpatient therapeutic assessment with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 111123.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. A., Pincus, A. L., Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R., & Roche, M. J. (2011). The circumplex structure of interpersonal sensitivities. Journal of Personality, 79, 707740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopwood, C. J., Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. Personality and Mental Health, 12, 8286.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Widiger, T. A., Althoff, R. R., Ansell, E. B., … Zimmermann, J. (2019). Commentary on “The challenge of transforming the diagnostic system for personality disorders.” Journal of Personality Disorders, online commentary: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_00Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Malone, J. C., Ansell, E. B., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., McGlashan, T. H., … Morey, L. C. (2011). Personality assessment in DSM-5: Empirical support for rating severity, style, and traits. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 305320.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Zimmermann, J., Pincus, A. L., & Krueger, R. F. (2015). Connecting personality structure and dynamics: Towards a more evidence based and clinically useful diagnostic scheme. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 431448.Google Scholar
Hörz-Sagstetter, S., Diamond, D., Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Rentrop, M., Fischer-Kern, M., … Doering, S. (2017). Clinical characteristics of comorbid narcissistic personality disorder in patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32(4), 114.Google Scholar
Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Ratings of affective and interpersonal tendencies differ for grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A replication and extension of Gore & Widiger. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 422434.Google Scholar
Jaksic, N., Marcinko, D., Hanzek, M. S., Rebernjak, B., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2017). Experience of shame mediates the relationship between pathological narcissism and suicidal ideation in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73, 16701681.Google Scholar
Johnson, F. A. (1993). Dependency and Japanese Socialization. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Kealy, D., & Rasmussen, B. (2012). Veiled and vulnerable: The other side of grandiose narcissism. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40, 356366.Google Scholar
Kealy, D., Tsai, M., & Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2012). Depressive tendencies and pathological narcissism among psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatry Research, 196, 157159.Google Scholar
Kohut, H. (1977). The Restoration of the Self. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Kohut, H., & Wolf, E. S. (1978). The disorders of the self and their treatment: An outline. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 59, 413425.Google Scholar
Krizan, Z., & Johar, O. (2012). Envy divides the two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality, 80, 14151451.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F. (2016). The future is now: Personality disorder and the ICD‐11. Personality and Mental Health, 10, 118119.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., Johnson, M. D., & Willett, J. (2004). Individual growth curve analysis illuminates stability and change in personality disorder features: The longitudinal study of personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 10151024.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62(6), 553564.Google Scholar
Levy, K. N., Chauhan, P., Clarkin, J. F., Wasserman, R. H., & Reynoso, J. S. (2009). Narcissistic pathology: Empirical approaches. Psychiatric Annals, 39(4), 203213.Google Scholar
Levy, K. N., Reynoso, J. S., Wasserman, R. H., & Clarkin, J. F. (2007). Narcissistic personality disorder. In O’Donohue, W., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (Eds.), Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V (pp. 233277). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Lingiardi, V., & McWilliams, N. (2015). The psychodynamic diagnostic manual–2nd edition (PDM-2). World Psychiatry, 14, 237239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobbestael, J., Baumeister, R. F., Feibig, T., & Eckel, L. A. (2014). The role of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in self-reported and laboratory aggression and testosterone reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 69, 2227.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 401412.Google Scholar
Makaremi, A. (1990). Histrionic disorder among Iranian high school and college students. Psychological Reports, 66(3), 835838.Google Scholar
Marčinko, D., Jakšić, N., Ivezić, E., Skočić, M., Surányi, Z., Lončar, M., … Jakovljević, M. (2014). Pathological narcissism and depressive symptoms in psychiatric outpatients: Mediating role of dysfunctional attitudes. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70, 341352.Google Scholar
Marissen, M. A., Deen, M. L., & Franken, I. H. (2012). Disturbed emotion recognition in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 198, 269273.Google Scholar
Marissen, M. A., Brouwer, M. E., Hiemstra, A. M., Deen, M. L., & Franken, I. H. (2016). A masked negative self-esteem? Implicit and explicit self-esteem in patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Psychiatry Research, 242, 2833.Google Scholar
Mattia, J., & Zimmerman, M. (2001). Epidemiology. In Livesley, W. J. (Ed.), The Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 107123). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, K., Donnellan, M. B., Hopwood, C. J., & Ackerman, R. A. (2011). The two faces of Narcissus? An empirical comparison of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 577582.Google Scholar
McWilliams, N. (2011). Psychoanalytic Diagnosis (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ménard, K. S., & Pincus, A. L. (2012). Predicting overt and cyber stalking perpetration by male and female college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 21832207.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 85, 15291564.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). A test of the construct validity of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 377387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, J. D., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., & Campbell, W. K. (2013). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and the DSM-5 pathological personality trait model. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 284290.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B., Campbell, W. K., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2008). An examination of the factor structure of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder criteria: One or two factors? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 141145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017). Controversies in narcissism. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13, 291315.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., McCain, J. L., Few, L. R., Crego, C., Widiger, T. A., & Campbell, W. K. (2016). Thinking structurally about narcissism: An examination of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory and its components. Journal of Personality Disorders, 30, 118.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R, Siedor, L., Crowe, M., Campbell, W. K. (2018). Consensual lay profiles of narcissism and their connection to the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 30, 1018.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C. (2005). Personality pathology as pathological narcissism. In Maj, M., Akiskal, H. S., Mezzich, J. E., & Okasha, A. (Eds.), Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry, Volume 8: Personality Disorders (pp. 328331). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Alexander, G. M., & Boggs, C. (2005). Gender and personality disorder. In Oldham, J., Skodol, A., & Bender, D. (Eds.), Textbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 541-554). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., & Stagner, B. H. (2012). Narcissistic pathology as a core personality dysfunction: Comparing the DSM-IV and the DSM-5 proposal for narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 908921.Google Scholar
Morf, C. C. (2006). Personality reflected in a coherent idiosyncratic interplay of intra- and interpersonal self-regulatory processes. Journal of Personality, 76, 15271556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morf, C. C., Horvath, S., & Torchetti, T. (2011). Narcissistic self-enhancement: Tales of (successful?) self-portrayal. In Alicke, M. D. & Sedikides, C. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Enhancement and Self-Protection (pp. 399424). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Morf, C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177196.Google Scholar
Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Wingate, L. R., & Lengel, G. J. (2012). Histrionic personality disorder: Diagnostic and treatment considerations. In Lundberg-Love, P. K., Nadal, K. L., & Paludi, M. A. (Eds.) Women and Mental Disorders (pp. 5773). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.Google Scholar
Nenadic, I., Güllmar, D., Dietzek, M., Langbein, K., Steinke, J., & Gaser, C. (2015). Brain structure in narcissistic personality disorder: A VBM and DTI pilot study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 231, 184186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nestadt, G., Di, C., Samuels, J. F., Bienvenu, O. J., Reti, I. M., Costa, P., … Bandeen-Roche, K. (2010). The stability of DSM personality disorders over twelve to eighteen years. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44, 17.Google Scholar
Ogrodniczuk, J. S. (2013). Understanding and Treating Pathological Narcissism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Piper, W. E., Joyce, A. S, Steinberg, P. I., & Duggal, S. (2009). Interpersonal problems associated with narcissism among psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 837842.Google Scholar
Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2006). Perceptions of self and others regarding pathological personality traits. In Krueger, R. F. & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.), Personality and Psychopathology (pp. 71111). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Padilla, A. M. (1995). Hispanic Psychology: Critical Issues in Theory and Research. Newbury Pak, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Pepper, C. M., Klein, D. N., Andersom, R. L., Riso, L. P., Ouimette, P. C., & Lizardi, H. (1995). DSM-llI-R Axis II comorbidity in dysthymia and major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 239247.Google Scholar
Pfohl, B. (1991). Histrionic personality disorder: A review of available data and recommendations for DSM-IV. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 150166.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2011). Some comments on nomology, diagnostic process, and narcissistic personality disorder in the DSM-5 proposal for personality and personality disorders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 2, 4153.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2013). The Pathological Narcissism Inventory. In Ogrodniczuk, J. (Ed.), Understanding and Treating Pathological Narcissism (pp. 93110). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365379.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Cain, N. M., & Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability in psychotherapy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 439443.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Dowgwillo, E. A., & Greenberg, L. (2016). Three cases of narcissistic personality disorder through the lens of the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders. Practice Innovations, 1, 164177.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421446.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Roche, M. J. (2011). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (pp. 3140). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Roche, M. J., & Good, E. W. (2015). Narcissistic personality disorder and pathological narcissism. In Blaney, P. H., Krueger, R. F., & Millon, T. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 791813). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (in press). Narcissism as the dynamics of grandiosity and vulnerability. In Doering, S., Hartmann, H.-P., & Kernberg, O. F. (Eds.), Narzissmus: Grundlagen – Störungsbilder – Therapie (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Schattauer Publishers.Google Scholar
Reed‐Knight, B., & Fischer, S. (2011). Treatment of narcissistic personality disorder symptoms in a dialectical behavior therapy framework. In Miller, J. D. & Campbell, W. K. (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments (pp. 466475). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Reich, W. (1949). Character Analysis. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.Google Scholar
Reidy, D. E., Foster, J. D., & Zeichner, A. (2010). Narcissism and unprovoked aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 36, 414422.Google Scholar
Ritter, K., Dziobek, I., Preissler, S., Ruter, A., Vater, A., Fydrich, T., … Roepke, S. (2011). Lack of empathy in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 187, 241247.Google Scholar
Ritter, K., Vater, A., Rüsch, N., Schröder-Abé, M., Schütz, A., Fydrich, T., … Roepke, S. (2014). Shame in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 429437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Lukowitsky, M. R., Ménard, K. S., & Conroy, D. E. (2013). An integrative approach to the assessment of narcissism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 237248.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2005). Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2009). Narcissistic personality disorder: Facing DSM-V. Psychiatric Annuals, 39, 111121.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2011a). Psychoanalytic theories on narcissism and narcissistic personality. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments (pp. 4155). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2011b). Narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-V: In support of retaining a significant diagnosis. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 248259.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E., Gunderson, J., & Lyons, M. (1995). Changes in pathological narcissism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 253257.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., Hopwood, C. J., Ansell, E. B., Morey, L. C., Sanislow, C. A., Markowitz, J. C., … Grilo, C. M. (2011). Comparing the temporal stability of self-report and interview assessed personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 670680.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2004). Clinicians’ personality descriptions of prototypic personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18, 286308.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 13261342.Google Scholar
Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 10551085.Google Scholar
Schmeck, K., Schlüter-Müller, S., Foelsch, P., & Doering, S. (2013). The role of identity in the DSM-5 classification of personality disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 7, 111.Google Scholar
Schneider, K. (1923). Psychopathic Personalities. London: Cassell.Google Scholar
Schulze, L., Dziobek, I., Vater, A., Heekeren, H. R., Bajbouj, M., Renneberg, B., … Roepke, S. (2013). Gray matter abnormalities in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 13631369.Google Scholar
Simonsen, S., & Simonsen, E. (2011). Comorbidity between narcissistic personality disorder and Axis I diagnoses. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments (pp. 239247). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E. (2012). Personality disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 317344.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., & Oldham, J. M. (2015). The alternative DSM-5 model of personality disorders: A clinical application. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 606613.Google Scholar
Smith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., Chen, S., Saklofske, D. H., Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2016). Perfectionism and narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Research in Personality, 64, 90101.Google Scholar
Smith, S. F., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2012). Histrionic personality disorder. In Ramachandran, V. S. (Ed), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (pp. 312315). Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Stern, B. L., Diamond, D., & Yeomans, F. E. (2017). Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) for narcissistic personality: Engaging patients in the early treatment process. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 34, 381396.Google Scholar
Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., … Grant, B. F. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 10331045.Google Scholar
Stone, M. H. (1993). Abnormalities of Personality. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Stone, M. H. (1998). Normal narcissism: An etiological and ethological perspective. In Ronningstam, E. (Ed.), Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Empirical Implications (pp. 728). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Tomiatti, M., Gore, W. L., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2012). A five-factor measure of histrionic personality traits. In Columbus, A. M. (Ed.), Advances in Psychology Research (Vol. 87, pp. 113138). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(6), 590596.Google Scholar
Tritt, S. M., Ryder, A. G., Ring, A. J., & Pincus, A. L. (2010). Pathological narcissism and the depressive temperament. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 280284.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Jahng, S., Tomko, R. L., Wood, P. K., & Sher, K. J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(4), 412426.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Mulder, R., Blashfield, R., Farnam, A., Fossati, A., … Reed, G. M. (2011). The rationale for the reclassification of personality disorder in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Personality and Mental Health, 5, 246259.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., Sanatinia, R., Tyrer, H., Cooper, S., Muller‐Pollard, C., … Weich, S. (2014). Preliminary studies of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorder in practice. Personality and Mental Health, 8, 254263.Google Scholar
Vater, A., Ritter, K., Schröder-Abé, M., Schutz, A., Lammers, C. H., Bosson, J. K., & Roepke, S. (2013). When grandiosity and vulnerability collide: Implicit and explicit self-esteem in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 44, 3747.Google Scholar
Vater, A., Ritter, K., Strunz, S., Ronningstam, E. F., Renneberg, B., & Roepke, S. (2014). Stability of narcissistic personality disorder: Tracking categorical and dimensional rating systems over a two-year period. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 305313.Google Scholar
Vater, A., Schröder-Abé, M., Ritter, K., Renneberg, B., Schulze, L., Bosson, J. K., & Roepke, S. (2013). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A useful tool for assessing pathological narcissism? Evidence from patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 301308.Google Scholar
Verheul, R. (2005). Clinical utility of dimensional models for personality pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 283302.Google Scholar
Waugh, M., Hopwood, C. J., Krueger, R. F., Morey, L. C., Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (2017). Psychological assessment with the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders: Tradition and innovation. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48, 7989.Google Scholar
Westen, D., & Heim, A. K. (2003). Disturbances of self and identity in personality disorders. In Leary, M. R. & Tangney, J. P. (Eds.), Handbook of Self and Identity (pp. 643666). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A. (2011). The comorbidity of narcissistic personality disorder with other DSM-IV personality disorders. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatment (pp. 248260). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widiger, T. A., & Costa, P. T. (Eds.) (2013). Personality Disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Widiger, T. A., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2012). Measures to assess maladaptive variants of the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 94, 450455.Google Scholar
Widman, L., & McNulty, J. K. (2010). Sexual narcissism and the perpetration of sexual aggression. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 926939.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C. (2014). Integrating trait-and process-based conceptualizations of pathological narcissism in the DSM-5 era. In Besser, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Narcissism: Diverse Perspectives (pp. 153174). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., & Edershile, E. A. (2018). Issues resolved and unresolved in pathological narcissism. Current Opinion in Psychology, 21, 7479.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Lukowitsky, M. R., Pincus, A. L., & Conroy, D.E. (2010). The higher-order factor structure and gender invariance of the pathological narcissism inventory. Assessment, 17, 467483.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Hopwood, C. J., Thomas, K. M., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). An interpersonal analysis of pathological personality traits in DSM-5. Assessment, 19, 263275.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Hallquist, M. N., Beeney, J. E., Lazarus, S. A., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2017). The effect of pathological narcissism on interpersonal and affective processes in social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126, 898910.Google Scholar
Yeomans, F. E., Clarkin, J. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2015 ). Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Clinical Guide. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Zachar, P., Krueger, R. F., & Kendler, K. S. (2016). Personality disorder in DSM-5: An oral history. Psychological Medicine, 46, 110.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Sickel, A. E., & Yong, L. (1996). The Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (DIPD-IV). Belmont, MA: McLean Hospital.Google Scholar
Zeigler-Hill, V., & Besser, A. (2013). A glimpse behind the mask: Facets of narcissism and feelings of self-worth. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 249260Google Scholar
Zeigler-Hill, V., Enjaian, B., & Essa, L. (2013). The role of narcissistic personality features in sexual aggression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 186199.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., & Chelminski, I. (2005). The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 19111918.Google Scholar

References

Ackerman, R. A., Hands, A. J., Donnellan, M. B., Hopwood, C. J., & Witt, E. A. (2017). Experts’ views regarding the conceptualization of narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 346361.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Eaton, N. R., Rodriguez-Seijas, C., Krueger, R. F., Campbell, W. K., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Narcissistic personality disorder and the structure of common mental disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31, 449461.Google Scholar
Ellison, W. D., Levy, K. N., Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The impact of pathological narcissism on psychotherapy utilization, initial symptom severity, and early-treatment symptom change: A naturalistic investigation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 291300.Google Scholar
Flack, J. C. (2012). Multiple time-scales and the developmental dynamics of social systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 367, 18021810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fossati, A., Beauchaine, T. P., Grazioli, F., Carretta, I., Cortinovis, F., & Maffei, C. (2005). A latent structure analysis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, narcissistic personality disorder criteria. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 361367.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Donnellan, M. B., Ackerman, R. A., Thomas, K. M., Morey, L. C., & Skodol, A. E. (2013). The validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire–4 Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale for assessing pathological grandiosity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 274283.Google Scholar
Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Widiger, T. A., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Ratings of affective and interpersonal tendencies differ for grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A replication and extension of Gore & Widiger. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 422434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyler, S. E. (1994). Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4 (PDQ-4). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar
Jauk, E., & Kaufman, S. B. (2018). The higher the score, the darker the core: The nonlinear association between grandiose and vulnerable narcissismFrontiers in Psychology, 9, 114.Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Aggen, S. H., Knudsen, G. P., Røysamb, E., Neale, M. C., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2011). The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for syndromal and subsyndromal common DSM-IV axis I and all axis II disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 2939.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Campbell, W. K. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of Personality, 79, 10131042.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., Hyatt, C. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2017). Controversies in narcissism. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 13, 291315.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., McCain, J., Lynam, D. R., Few, L. R. Gentile, B., MacKillop, J., & Campbell, W. K. (2014). A comparison of the criterion validity of popular measures of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder via the use of expert ratings. Psychological Assessment, 26, 958969.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Widiger, T. A., & Campbell, W. K. (2014). Vulnerable narcissism: Commentary for the special series ‘Narcissistic personality disorder: New perspectives on diagnosis and treatment’. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 450451.Google Scholar
Millon, T., Millon, C., & Davis, R. D. (1994). MCMI–III Manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.Google Scholar
Morf, C. C., Schürch, E., Küfner, A., Siegrist, P., Vater, A., Back, M., … Schröder-Abé, M. (2017). Expanding the nomological net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German validation and extension in a clinical inpatient sample. Assessment, 24, 419443.Google Scholar
Oltmanns, J. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2018). Assessment of fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: Development and initial validation of the FLUX scalesPsychological Assessment, 30, 16121624.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Ansell, E. B., Pimentel, C. A., Cain, N. M., Wright, A. G. C., & Levy, K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365379.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Roche, M. J. (2011). Narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability. In Campbell, W. K. & Miller, J. D. (Eds.), Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (pp. 3140). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Rhodewalt, F., Madrian, J. C., & Cheney, S. (1998). Narcissism, self-knowledge organization, and emotional reactivity: The effect of daily experiences on self-esteem and affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 7587.Google Scholar
Røysamb, E., Kendler, K. S., Tambs, K., Ørstavik, R. E., Neale, M. C., Aggen, S. H., … Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2011). The joint structure of DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 198209.Google Scholar
Samuel, D. B., & Widiger, T. A. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the relationships between the five-factor model and DSM-IV-TR personality disorders: A facet level analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 13261342.Google Scholar
Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 10551085.Google Scholar
Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., … Grant, B. F. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 10331045.Google Scholar
Vater, A., Schröder-Abé, M., Ritter, K., Renneberg, B., Schulze, L., Bosson, J. K., & Roepke, S. (2013). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A useful tool for assessing pathological narcissism? Evidence from patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 301308.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., & Simms, L. J. (2016). Stability and fluctuation of personality disorder features in daily life. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 641656.Google Scholar

References

Baumeister, R. F., Catanese, K. R., & Wallace, H. M. (2002). Conquest by force: A narcissistic reactance theory of rape and sexual coercion. Review of General Psychology, 6(1), 92135.Google Scholar
Bélanger, J. J., Lafrenière, M.-A. K., Vallerand, R. J., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2013). Driven by fear: The effect of success and failure information on passionate individuals’ performanceJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 180195.Google Scholar
Benton, S. A. (2009). Understanding the High-Functioning Alcoholic. Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Bushman, B. J., Bonacci, A. M., van Dijk, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2003). Narcissism, sexual refusal, and aggression: Testing a narcissistic reactance model of sexual coercion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5), 10271040.Google Scholar
Ellison, W. D., Levy, K. N., Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The impact of pathological narcissism on psychotherapy utilization, initial symptom severity, and early treatment symptom change: A naturalistic investigation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(3), 291300.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect Regulation, Mentalization and the Development of the Self. New York: Other Press.Google Scholar
Gamache, D.Savard, C.Lemelin., SCôté, A., & Villeneuve, É. (2018). Premature termination of psychotherapy in patients with borderline personality disorder: A cluster-analytic study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(4), 231238.Google Scholar
Ginot, E. (2012). Self-narratives and dysregulated affective states: The neuropsychological links between self-narratives, attachment, affect, and cognitionPsychoanalytic Psychology29(1), 5980.Google Scholar
Hare, R. D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.Google Scholar
Jones, D. N., & Figueredo, A. J. (2013). The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the dark triadEuropean Journal of Personality27(6), 521531.Google Scholar
Kacel, E. L.Ennis, N., & Pereira, D. B. (2017). Narcissistic personality disorder in clinical health psychology practice: Case studies of comorbid psychological distress and life-limiting illness. Behavioral Medicine, 43(3), 156164.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. (1992). Aggression in Personality Disorders and Perversions. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. F. (2007). The almost untreatable narcissistic patient. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 55(2), 503539.Google Scholar
Kohut, H. (1972). Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 27, 360400.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 18791890.Google Scholar
LeBreton, J. M., Baysinger, M. A., Abbey, A., & Jacques-Tiura, A. J. (2013). The relative importance of psychopathy-related traits in predicting impersonal sex and hostile masculinity. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(7), 817822.Google Scholar
Links, P. S., & Prakash, A. (2013). Strategic issues in the psychotherapy of patients with narcissistic pathology. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 44, 97107.Google Scholar
Maldonado, J. L. (2006). Vicissitudes in adult life resulting from traumatic experiences in adolescence. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 87, 12391257.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., & Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable dark triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78, 15291564.Google Scholar
Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 556563.Google Scholar
Rhodewalt, F., & Morf, C. C. (1998). On self-aggrandizement and anger: A temporal analysis of narcissism and affective reactions to success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 672685.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2014). Beyond the diagnostic traits: A collaborative exploratory diagnostic process for dimensions and underpinnings of narcissistic personality disorder. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 434438.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2017). Intersect between self-esteem and emotion regulation in narcissistic personality disorder: Implications for alliance building and treatment. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 4, 113.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E., & Baskin-Sommers, A. (2013). Fear and decision-making in narcissistic personality disorder: A link between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15, 191201.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E., Weinberg, I., Goldblatt, M, Schechter, M., & Herbstman, B. (2018). Suicide and self-regulation in narcissistic personality disorder. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 46, 491510.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E., Weinberg, I., & Maltsberger, J. (2008). Eleven deaths of Mr. K: Contributing factors to suicide in narcissistic personalities. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 71, 169182.Google Scholar
Russell, T. D., Doan, C. M., & King, A. R. (2017). Sexually violent women: The PID-5, everyday sadism, and adversarial sexual attitudes predict female sexual aggression and coercion against male victims. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 242249.Google Scholar
Russell, T. D., & King, A. R. (2017). Distrustful, conventional, entitled, and dysregulated: PID-5 personality facets predict hostile masculinity and sexual violence in community men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517689887Google Scholar
Simon, R. I. (2002). Distinguishing trauma-associated narcissistic symptoms from posttraumatic stress disorder: A diagnostic challenge. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 10, 2836.Google Scholar
Stormberg, D., Ronningstam, E., Gunderson, J., & Tohen, M. (1998). Brief communication: Pathological narcissism in bipolar patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 12, 179185.Google Scholar
Wright, A. G. C., Pincus, A. L., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Markon, K. E., & Krueger, R. F. (2013). Conceptions of narcissism and the DSM-5 pathological personality traits. Assessment, 20, 339352.Google Scholar
Zeigler-Hill, V., Enjaian, B., & Essa, L. (2013). The role of narcissistic personality features in sexual aggression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32, 186199.Google Scholar

References

Ackerman, R. A., Donnellan, M. B., & Wright, A. G. C. (2019). Current conceptualizations of narcissism. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 32, 3237.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (1994a). SASB: A bridge between personality theory and clinical psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 273316.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (1994b). The bridge is supposed to reach the clinic, not just another corner of the academy. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 336343.Google Scholar
Dowgwillo, E. A., Dawood, S., Bliton, C. F., & Pincus, A. L. (2018). Within-person covariation of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability in daily life. Paper presented at the Society for Personality Assessment annual meeting, Washington, DC, March.Google Scholar
Dowgwillo, E. A., Dawood, S., & Pincus, A. L. (2016). The dark side of narcissism. In Zeigler-Hill, V. & Marcus, D. (Eds.), The Dark Side of Personality: Science and Practice in Social, Personality, and Clinical Psychology (pp. 2544). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Edershile, E. A., & Wright, A. G. C. (in press). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic states in interpersonal situations. Self and Identity.Google Scholar
Gore, W. L., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Fluctuation between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 7, 363371.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J. (2018). Interpersonal dynamics in personality and personality disorders. European Journal of Personality, 32, 499524.Google Scholar
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2018). A call for parsimony, proof, and prudence: A response to Hopwood. European Journal of Personality, 32, 568569.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2018). Bringing personality traits from bench to bedside. European Journal of Personality, 32, 572573.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., Dowgwillo, E. A., & Greenberg, L. (2016). Three cases of narcissistic personality disorder through the lens of the DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders. Practice Innovations, 1, 164177.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Wright, A. G. C. (in press). Narcissism as the dynamics of grandiosity and vulnerability. In Doering, S., Hartmann, H.-P., & Kernberg, O. F. (Eds.), Narzissmus: Grundlagen – Störungsbilder – Therapie (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Schattauer Publishers.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2005). Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ronningstam, E. (2016). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Recent research and clinical implications. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 3, 3442.Google Scholar

References

Abraham, K. (1924). The influence of oral eroticism on character formation. In Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis (English translation, 1927). London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Alpert, J. E., Uebelacker, L. A., McLean, N. E., Nierenberg, J. A., Pava, J. J., Worthington, J. R. III, … Fava, M. (1997). Social phobia, avoidant personality disorder, and atypical depression: Co-occurrence and clinical implications. Psychological Medicine, 27, 627633.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1952). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (revised 3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Ayduk, O., Gyurak, A., & Luerssen, A. (2008). Individual differences in the rejection–aggression link in the hot sauce paradigm: The case of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 775782.Google Scholar
Bach, B., & First, M. B. (2018). Application of the ICD-II classification of personality disorders. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888–01801908-3Google Scholar
Bell, R. C., & Jackson, H. J. (1992). The structure of personality disorders in DSM-III. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 85, 279287.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (1993). Interpersonal Diagnosis and Treatment of Personality Disorders (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., & Intoccia, V. (2000). Growth of the literature on the topic of personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 472473.Google Scholar
Blashfield, R. K., McElroy, R. A., Pfohl, B., & Blum, N. (1994). Comorbidity and the prototype model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 1, 9699.Google Scholar
Blatt, S. J., D’Afflitti, J. P., & Quinlan, D. M. (1976). Experiences of depression in normal young adultsJournal of Abnormal Psychology85383389.Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1911/1950). Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias (Trans. Zinkin, J.). New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Boone, M. L., McNeil, D. W., Masia, C. L., Turk, C. L., Carter, L. E., Ries, B. J., & Lewin, M. R. (1999). Multimodal comparisons of social phobia subtypes and avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13, 271292.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. W., Sareen, J., Paulus, M. P., Goldin, P. R., Stein, M. B., & Reiss, J. P. (2007). Time-varying amygdala response to emotional faces in generalized social phobia. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 455463.Google Scholar
Carson, R. C. (1989). Personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 227248.Google Scholar
Chambless, D. L., Fydrich, T., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2008). Generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder: Meaningful distinction or useless duplication? Depression and Anxiety, 25, 819.Google Scholar
Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. R., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975990.Google Scholar
Coles, M. E., Pinto, A., Mancebo, M. C., Rasmussen, S. A., & Eisen, J. L. (2008). OCD with comorbid OCPD: A subtype of OCD? Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42, 289296.Google Scholar
Crome, E., Baillie, A., Slade, T., & Ruscio, A. M. (2010). Social phobia: Further evidence of dimensional structure. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 10121020.Google Scholar
Cuthbert, B. N. (2005). Dimensional models of psychopathology: Research agenda and clinical utility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 14, 565569.Google Scholar
Denny, B. T., Fan, J, Liu, X., Ochsner, K. N., Guerreri, S., Mayson, S. J., … Koenigsberg, H. W. (2015). Elevated amygdala activity during reappraisal anticipation predicts anxiety in avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 17.Google Scholar
Devanand, D. P. (2002). Comorbid psychiatric disorders in late life depression. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 236242.Google Scholar
DeYoung, C. G., Hirsh, J. B., Shane, M. S., Papademetris, X., Rajeevan, N., & Gray, J. R. (2010). Testing predictions from personality neuroscience: Brain structure and the Big Five. Psychological Science21, 820828.Google Scholar
Donegan, N. H., Sanislow, C. A., Blumberg, H. P., Fulbright, R. K., Lacadie, C., Skudlarski, P., … Wexler, B. E. (2003). Amygdala hyperreactivity in borderline personality disorder: Implications for emotional dysregulation. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 12841293.Google Scholar
Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 13271343.Google Scholar
Eaton, N. R., Krueger, R. F., South, S., Simms, L., & Clark, L. A. (2011). Contrasting prototypes and dimensions in the classification of personality pathology: Evidence that dimensions, but not prototypes, are robust. Psychological Medicine, 41, 11511163.Google Scholar
Eikenæs, I., Pedersen, G., & Wilberg, T. (2016). Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 89, 245260.Google Scholar
Eisen, J. L., Coles, M. E., Shea, M. T., Pagano, M. E., Stout, R. L.., Yen, S.Rasmussen, S. A. (2006). Clarifying the convergence between obsessive compulsive personality disorder criteria and obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 294305.Google Scholar
Etkin, A., Prater, K. E., Hoeft, F., Menon, V., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010). Failure of anterior cingulate activation and connectivity with the amygdala during implicit regulation of emotional processing in generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 545554.Google Scholar
Fenichel, O. (1945). The Psychoanalytical Theory of the Neurosis. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Fossati, A., Maffei, C., Bagnato, M., Battaglia, M., Donati, D., Donini, M., … Prolo, F. (2000). Patterns of covariation of DSM-IV personality disorders in a mixed psychiatric sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41, 206215.Google Scholar
Frances, A., & Widiger, T. (1987). A critical review of four DSM-III personality disorders. In Tischer, G. (Ed.), Diagnosis and Classification in Psychiatry. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gangestad, S., & Snyder, M. (1985). “To carve nature at its joints”: On the existence of discrete classes in personality. Psychological Review, 92, 317349.Google Scholar
Garyfallos, G., Katsigiannopoulos, K., Adamopoulou, A., Papazisis, G., Karastergiou, A., & Bozikas, V. P. (2010). Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: Does it imply a specific subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder? Psychiatry Research, 177, 156160.Google Scholar
Gordon, O. M., Salkovskis, P. M., Oldfield, V. B., & Carter, N. (2013). The association between obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive compulsive personality disorder: Prevalence and clinical presentation. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52, 300315.Google Scholar
Grazioplene, R. G., Chavez, R. S., Rustichini, A., & DeYoung, C. G. (2016). White matter correlates of psychosis-linked traits support continuity between personality and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 11351145.Google Scholar
Gyurak, A., & Ayduk, O. (2007). Defensive physiological reactions to rejection: The effect of self-esteem and attentional control on startle responses. Psychological Science, 18, 886892.Google Scholar
Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (1994). The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): Issue from the pages of a diagnostic manual instead of a dictionary. In Strack, S. & Lorr, M. (Eds.), Differentiating Normal and Abnormal Personality (pp. 291315). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Herpertz, S. C., Schwenger, U. B., Kunert, H. J., Lukas, G., Gretzer, U., Nutzmann, L., … Sass, H. (2000). Emotional responses in patients with borderline as compared with avoidant personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 339351.Google Scholar
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology60456470.Google Scholar
Hoch, A. (1910). Constitutional factors in the dementia praecox group. Review of Neurology and Psychiatry, 8, 463474.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Morey, L. C., Markowitz, J. C., Pinto, A., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., … Sanislow, C. A. (2009). The construct validity of passive-aggressive personality disorder. Psychiatry, 72, 256268.Google Scholar
Horney, K. (1945). Our Inner Conflicts. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and Human Growth. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Kernberg, O. F. (1976). Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis. New York: Jason Aronson.Google Scholar
Kretschmer, E. (1925). Physique and Character: An Investigation of the Nature of Constitution and Temperament. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Kross, E., Egner, T., Ochsner, K., Hirsh, J., & Downey, G. (2007). Neural dynamics of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 945956.Google Scholar
Lampe, L., & Sunderland, M. (2015). Social phobia and avoidant personality disorder: Similar but different? Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 115130.Google Scholar
Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 553564.Google Scholar
Livesley, W. J., & West, M. (1986). The DSM-III distinction between schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 31, 5961.Google Scholar
Livesley, W. J., West, M., & Tanney, A. (1985). Historical comment on DSM-III schizoid and avoidant personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 13441347.Google Scholar
Lochner, C., Serebro, P., van der Merwe, L., Hemmings, S., Kinnear, C., Seedat, S., & Stein, D. J. (2011). Comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): A marker of severity. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 35, 10871092.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R., & Widiger, T. A. (2001). Using the five factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 401412.Google Scholar
Lynum, L. I., Wilberg, T., & Karterud, S. (2008). Self-esteem in patients with borderline and avoidant personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 469477.Google Scholar
McGlashan, T. H., Grilo, C. M., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Morey, L. C., … Stout, R. L. (2000). The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 256264.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1969). Modern Psychopathology: A Biosocial Approach to Maladaptive Learning and Functioning. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1973). Theories of Psychopathology and Personality (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1977). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory Manual (2nd ed.). Minneapolis: National Computer Systems.Google Scholar
Millon, T. (1993). Negativistic (passive-aggressive) personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 7, 7885.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C. (1988). Personality disorders in DSM-III and DSM-III-R: Convergence, coverage, and internal consistency. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 573577.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., & Benson, K. T. (2016). An investigation of adherence to diagnostic criteria, revisited: Clinical diagnosis of the DSM-IV/DSM-5 Section II personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders30130144.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., Hopwood, C. J., & Klein, D. (2007). Depressive, passive-aggressive, and sadistic personality disorders. In O’Donohue, W., Fowler, K. A., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (Eds.), Personality Disorders: Toward the DSM-V (pp. 353374). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Morey, L. C., & Ochoa, E. S. (1989). An investigation of adherence to diagnostic criteria: Clinical diagnosis of the DSM-III personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 3, 180192.Google Scholar
Nestadt, G., Addington, A., Samuels, J., Liang, K., Bienvenu, O. J., Riddle, M., … Cullen, B. (2003). The identification of OCD-related subgroups based on comorbidity. Biological Psychiatry, 53, 914920.Google Scholar
Oldham, J. M., Skodol, A. E., Kellman, H. D., Hyler, S. E., Doidge, N., Rosnick, L., & Gallaher, P. E. (1995). Comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 571578.Google Scholar
Pinto, A., Steinglass, J. E., Greene, A. L., Weber, E. U., & Simpson, H. B. (2014). Capacity to delay reward differentiates obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 75, 653659.Google Scholar
Pretzer, J. L., & Beck, A. T. (1996). A cognitive theory of personality disorders. In Clarkin, J. F. and Lenzenweger, M. F. (Eds.), Major Theories of Personality Disorder (pp. 36105). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ralevski, E., Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., … McGlashan, T. H. (2005). Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: Distinct enough to be separate disorders? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112, 208214.Google Scholar
Reed, G. M. (2018). Progress in developing classification of personality disorders for ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17, 227229.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Bartolini, E., & Zoloth, E. C. (2012). Avoidant personality disorder. In Ramachandran, V. S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (2nd ed., pp. 257266). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., da Cruz, K., Gianoli, M. O., & Reagan, E. R. (2012). Avoidant personality disorder, traits, and type. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 549565). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Little, T. D., Ansell, E. B., Grilo, C. M., Daversa, M., Markowitz, J. C., … McGlashan, T. H. (2009). Ten-year stability and latent structure of the DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 507519.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., & McGlashan, T. H. (1998). Treatment outcome of personality disorders. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 237250.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Morey, L. C., Grilo, C. M., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., … McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, 2836.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K. J., Kozak, M. J., Garvey, M. A., Heinssen, R. K.Cuthbert, B. N. (2010). Developing constructs for psychopathology research: Research Domain Criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 631639.Google Scholar
Schmidt, L. A., & Jetha, M. K. (2009). Temperament and affect vulnerability: Behavioral, electrocortical, and neuroimaging perspectives. In de Haan, M. & Gunnar, M. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Developmental Social Neuroscience (pp. 305323). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Serpella, L., Livingstone, A., Neidermanb, M., & Laska, B. (2002). Anorexia nervosa: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, or neither? Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 647669.Google Scholar
Shea, M. T., Stout, R. L., Yen, S., Pagano, M. E., Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., … Zanarini, M. C. (2004). Associations in the course of personality disorders and axis I disorders over time. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 499508.Google Scholar
Siever, L. J., & Davis, K. L. (1991). A psychobiological perspective on the personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 16471658.Google Scholar
Skocic, S., Jackson, H., & Hulbert, C. (2015). Beyond DSM-5: An alternative approach to assessing social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 30, 815.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E. (2012). Personality disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 317344.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., McGlashan, T. H., Morey, L. C., Sanislow, , … Stout, R. L. (2005). The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS): Overview and implications. Journal of Personal Disorders, 19, 487504.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., & Oldham, J. M. (2015). The alternative model for personality disorders: A clinical application. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 606613.Google Scholar
Skodol, A. E., Oldham, J. M., Hyler, S. E., Stein, D. J., Hollander, E., Gallaher, P. E., & Lopez, A. E. (1995). Patterns of anxiety and personality disorder comorbidity. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 29, 361367.Google Scholar
Stuart, S., Pfohl, B., Battaglia, M., Bellodi, L., Grove, W., & Cadoret, R. (1998). The cooccurrence of DSM-III-R personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 12, 302315.Google Scholar
Swendsen, J. D., & Merikangas, K. R. (2000). The comorbidity of depression and substance use disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 173189.Google Scholar
Thornton, C., & Russell, J. (1997). Obsessive compulsive comorbidity in the dieting disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21, 8387.Google Scholar
Trull, T. J., Widiger, T. A., & Frances, A. (1987). Covariation of criteria sets for avoidant, schizoid, and dependent personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 767771.Google Scholar
van Velzen, C. J. M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Scholing, A. (2000). Generalized social phobia versus avoidant personality disorder: Differences in psychopathology, personality traits, and social and occupational functioning. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 395411.Google Scholar
Wakefield, J. C. (1992). Disorder as harmful dysfunction: A conceptual critique of DSM-III-R’s definition of mental disorder. Psychological Review, 99, 232247.Google Scholar
War Department. (1946). Nomenclature of psychiatric disorders and reactions: War Department Technical Bulletin, Medical 203. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 289296.Google Scholar
Warner, M. B., Morey, L. C., Finch, J. F., Gunderson, J. G., Skodol, A. E., Sanislow, C. A., … Grilo, C. M. (2004). The longitudinal relationship of personality traits and disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 217227.Google Scholar
Wetzler, S., & Morey, L.C. (1999). Passive-aggressive personality disorder: The demise of a syndrome. Psychiatry, 62, 4959.Google Scholar
Wheaton, M. G., & Pinto, A. (2017). The role of experiential avoidance in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8, 383388.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Hennen, J., Reich, D. B., & Silk, K. R. (2006). Prediction of the 10-year course of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 827832.Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., & Chelminski, I. (2005). The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 19111918.Google Scholar

References

Arntz, A., Bernstein, D., Gielen, D., van Nieuwenhuyzen, M., Penders, K., Haslam, N., & Ruscio, J. (2009). Taxometric evidence for the dimensional structure of Cluster C, paranoid, and borderline personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23(6), 606628.Google Scholar
Arntz, A., Dreessen, L., Schouten, E., & Weertman, A. (2004). Beliefs in personality disorders: A test with the personality disorder belief questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(10), 12151225.Google Scholar
Arntz, A., Weertman, A., & Salet, S. (2011). Interpretation bias in Cluster C and borderline personality disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(8), 472481.Google Scholar
Aycicegi-Dinn, A., Caldwell-Harris, C. L., & Dinn, W. M. (2009). Obsessive-compulsive personality traits: Compensatory response to executive function deficit? International Journal of Neuroscience, 119, 600608.Google Scholar
Bamelis, L. L. M., Evers, S. M. A. A., Spinhoven, P., & Arntz, A. (2014). Results of a multicentered randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy for personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 305322.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Butler, A. C., Brown, G. K., Dahlsgaard, K. K., Newman, C. F., & Beck, J. S. (2001). Dysfunctional beliefs discriminate personality disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(10), 12131225.Google Scholar
de Reus, R. J. M. & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2012). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: A review of current empirical findings. Personality and Mental Health, 6(1), 121.Google Scholar
Lobbestael, J., Arntz, A., & Bernstein, D. P. (2010). Disentangling the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment and personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(3), 285295.Google Scholar
Pfohl, B., & Blum, N. (1995). Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In Livesly, W. J. (Ed.), The DSM-IV Personality Disorders (pp. 261276). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Torgersen, S. (2012). Epidemiology. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders (pp. 186205). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weertman, A., Arntz, A., de Jong, P. J., & Rinck, M. (2008). Implicit self- and other-associations in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits. Cognition and Emotion, 22(7), 12531275.Google Scholar

References

Alden, L. E., & Capreol, M. J. (1993). Avoidant personality disorder: Interpersonal problems as predictors of treatment response. Behavior Therapy, 24, 357376.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (2003). Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy: Promoting Change in Nonresponders. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Blatt, S. J., Auerbach, J. S., & Levy, K. N. (1997). Mental representations in personality development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process. Review of General Psychology, 1, 351374.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., & Ansell, E. B. (2015). An integrative interpersonal framework for personality pathology. In Huprich, S. (Ed.), Personality Disorders: Toward Theoretical and Empirical Integration in Diagnosis and Assessment (pp. 345362). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Ansell, E. B., Simpson, H. B., & Pinto, A. (2015). Interpersonal functioning in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 9099.Google Scholar
Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2010). Interpersonal subtypes in social phobia: Diagnostic and treatment implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 514528.Google Scholar
Clarkin, J. F., Yeomans, F. E., & Kernberg, O. F. (2006). Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality: Focusing on Object Relations. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Davis, M. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.Google Scholar
Fournier, M., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. (2009). The interpersonal signature. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 155162.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J. (2018). Interpersonal dynamics in personality and personality disorder. European Journal of Personality, 32, 499524.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Wright, A. G., Ansell, E. B., & Pincus, A. L. (2013). The interpersonal core of personality pathologyJournal of Personality Disorders27, 270295.Google Scholar
Horowitz, L. M., Wilson, K. R., Turan, B., Zolotsev, P., Constantino, M. J., & Henderson, L. (2006). How interpersonal motives clarify the meaning of interpersonal behavior: A revised circumplex model. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 6786.Google Scholar
Leary, T. (1957). Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality. New York: Ronald Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246268.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L. (2005). A contemporary integrative interpersonal theory of personality disorders. In Clarkin, J. & Lenzenweger, M. (Eds.), Major Theories of Personality Disorder (2nd ed., pp. 282331). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2013). Interpersonal theory of personality. In Suls, J. & Tennen, H. (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology, Volume 5: Personality and Social Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 141159). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Hyde, A. L., Conroy, D. E., & Ram, N. (2013). Within-person co-variation of agentic and communal perceptions: Implications for interpersonal theory and assessment. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 445452.Google Scholar
Shea, M. T., Stout, R. L., Yen, S., Pagano, M. E., Skodol, A. E., Morey, L. C., … Zanarini, M. C. (2004). Associations in the course of personality disorders and Axis I disorders over time. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 499508.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Wang, S., Roche, M. J., Pincus, A. L., Conroy, D. E., Rebar, A. L., & Ram, N. (2014). Interpersonal dependency and emotion in everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 53, 512.Google Scholar
Wiggins, J. S. (2003). Paradigms of Personality Assessment. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

References

Benjamin, L. S. (2003). Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Carson, R. C. (1982). Self-fulfilling prophecy, maladaptive behavior, and psychotherapy. In Anchin, J. C. and Kiesler, D. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (pp. 6477). New York: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Rogosch, F. A. (1996). Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 597600.Google Scholar
Critchfield, K. L., Benjamin, L. S., & Levenick, K. (2015). Reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of case formulations for comorbid profiles in interpersonal reconstructive therapy: Addressing mechanisms of psychopathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 547573.Google Scholar
Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (1996). Implications of rejection sensitivity for intimate relationshipsJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(6), 13271343.Google Scholar
Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H. (1998). The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partnersJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 545560.Google Scholar
McGlashan, T. H., Grilo, C. M., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Morey, L. C., … Stout, R. L. (2000). The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: Baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrenceActa Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 256264.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A. (2016). Connecting psychopathology meta-structure and mechanisms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 11581165.Google Scholar
Sanislow, C. A., Morey, L. C., Grilo, C. M., Gunderson, J. G., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., … McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 105, 2836.Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×