It might seem strange at first that an introduction to literature and the environment should have a chapter on liberalism, a topic only sometimes discussed in green literary criticism, though prominent in other discussions of environmentalism. Liberalism, in the broad sense of that political tradition focussed on individual liberty as the supreme aim of politics, remains nevertheless a dominant political context for ecocriticism and marks it decisively.

Kerridge sets out one of the basic problems:

Modes of reading geared to the affirmation of individual liberty and the policing of individual rights and their infringement have become the bread and butter of mainstream literary criticism. Ecocritics largely see themselves as part of this progressive enlightenment tradition, with its aims of human self-liberation through the overcoming of prejudice and injustice. This is why the turn to issues of ecojustice proved so easy to make. It is often in fact the values of a progressive liberalism that form the unacknowledged reference when green critics endorse alternative religious traditions or new age ideas.