Core findings summarized: voters act on their fundamental interests; politicians anticipate voter reactions; voting on Election Day has an impact on outcomes independent of anticipated reactions; electorates tend to select higher quality candidates defined as those closer to their ideological preferences and stronger in their leadership-valence skills and traits. These conclusions apply especially when the focus is on the choice between the positions and valence qualities of opposing candidates. A significant problem from the perspective of the spatial model is that incumbents are much more extreme than their district electorates, more extreme even than their partisan supporters. Several possible reasons for this are discussed, including a modified proximity model based on the idea that response to candidate positions is asymmetric: voters in the same party as the candidate tolerate extreme position taking, while independents and opposing partisans reward candidates who are more moderate. A general discussion of how the findings in the book relate to larger questions of institutional function and electoral democracy.