Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- 43 Acute viral hepatitis
- 44 Chronic hepatitis
- 45 Biliary infection: cholecystitis and cholangitis
- 46 Pyogenic liver abscess
- 47 Infectious complications of acute pancreatitis
- 48 Esophageal infections
- 49 Gastroenteritis
- 50 Food poisoning
- 51 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
- 52 Sexually transmitted enteric infections
- 53 Acute appendicitis
- 54 Diverticulitis
- 55 Abdominal abscess
- 56 Splenic abscess
- 57 Peritonitis
- 58 Whipple’s disease
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
57 - Peritonitis
from Part VII - Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2015
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- 43 Acute viral hepatitis
- 44 Chronic hepatitis
- 45 Biliary infection: cholecystitis and cholangitis
- 46 Pyogenic liver abscess
- 47 Infectious complications of acute pancreatitis
- 48 Esophageal infections
- 49 Gastroenteritis
- 50 Food poisoning
- 51 Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
- 52 Sexually transmitted enteric infections
- 53 Acute appendicitis
- 54 Diverticulitis
- 55 Abdominal abscess
- 56 Splenic abscess
- 57 Peritonitis
- 58 Whipple’s disease
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
Summary
Peritonitis is inflammation within the peritoneal cavity. This chapter considers infectious causes of peritonitis. Two major types include: (1) primary (spontaneous or idiopathic) and (2) secondary. When signs of peritonitis and sepsis persist or recur after treatment for secondary peritonitis, the clinical entity has been termed tertiary peritonitis. In comparison with patients with other forms of peritonitis, tertiary peritonitis has significantly longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays, higher organ dysfunction scores, and higher mortality rates (50% to 70%).
Intraperitoneal abscesses can result from (1) localization of the initially diffuse peritoneal inflammatory response to one or more dependent sites (i.e., the pelvis, the right or left subphrenic spaces, which are separated by the falciform ligament, and Morrison’s pouch, which is the most posterior superior portion of the subhepatic space and is the lowest part of the paravertebral groove when the patient is recumbent) or (2) at the site of the intra-abdominal source of the infection (e.g., periappendiceal, pericholecystic, or peridiverticular abscess). For management of peritoneal catheter-related peritonitis, see Chapter 96, Dialysis-related infection.
PRIMARY PERITONITIS
Primary peritonitis, also called spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), is defined as infection within the peritoneal cavity without an evident intra-abdominal source. Primary peritonitis occurs at all ages: in children, in association with postnecrotic cirrhosis and with nephrotic syndrome, and in adults, with ascites from any cause, but most commonly alcoholic cirrhosis. Rarely, primary peritonitis occurs with no apparent underlying disease.
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- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 375 - 380Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015
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