Any study of the representation of Jews in English literature and society is peculiarly fraught with difficulties. The recent prolonged and often heated debates on whether or not the life and work of the literary critic Paul de Man and the philosopher Martin Heidegger were complicit with Nazism shows the extent that, even in the academic community, a largely repressed European past still has the capacity to return and haunt the present. Zygmunt Bauman, with reference to the discipline of Sociology, has shown that the Holocaust has been systematically marginalized and belittled in relation to social theories of modern civilization. With no less culpability, the humanities have also failed to engage with the implications of a post-Holocaust understanding of European civilization.