International law criminalizes aggressive war; international law generally requires disobedience to criminal orders; and yet, soldiers are not shielded in any way from being forced by law to fight in aggressive wars. If they refuse to kill in service of what the law insists is a supremely criminal enterprise, soldiers may be punished for that refusal and international law has nothing to say to them or in their defense. On its face, this is a jarring normative posture. How can international law hold illegal war to be an “accumulated evil” and yet offer soldiers no right whatsoever to refuse to kill in its service? This peculiarity is mirrored on the opposite side. Soldiers killed or maimed fighting against an illegal aggression are regularly excluded in practice from reparations programs set up following an authoritative determination of the war’s illegality. The only persons necessarily targeted for death and injury in the course of a criminal use of force are the only persons whose suffering and loss is ignored in appraising the wrong. This, too, demands explanation. The chapter concludes by examining the lived experience of soldiers on these two dimensions, noting in particular the psychological phenomenon of moral injury.