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29 - Carbon cycle–climate feedbacks

from Part VII - Terrestrial Forcings and Feedbacks

Gordon B. Bonan
Gordon B. Bonan
Affiliation:
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
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Summary

Chapter summary

As discussed in the previous chapter, numerous climate model experiments have shown that vegetation exerts an important feedback on climate through energy and water cycles. In addition to these biogeophysical feedbacks, terrestrial ecosystems are coupled to climate through various biogeochemical cycles. Primary among these is the carbon cycle. Terrestrial ecosystems in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are thought to absorb a significant portion of the annual emission of CO2 to the atmosphere by human activities. This may arise from enhanced photosynthesis as a result of climate change, an increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, or by increasing deposition of nitrogen on land from industrial pollution. It may also be caused by regrowth of forests following abandonment of farmland. At longer timescales, changes in the biogeography of ecosystems alter carbon storage on land. In addition, the mobilization of mineral aerosols into the atmosphere is regulated in part by vegetation. These aerosols affect climate directly by altering the radiative balance of the atmosphere and indirectly by altering biogeochemical cycles. In particular, the deposition of mineral aerosols on land and ocean can fertilize ecosystems and stimulate plant productivity. The global carbon cycle, dust emissions, and other biogeochemical processes are being added to the next generation of land surface models used with climate models. Climate model simulations show that the carbon cycle has positive feedback on climate. Biogeophysical processes can, in some regions, mitigate biogeochemical climate warming.

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Ecological Climatology
Concepts and Applications
 , pp. 489 - 519
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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