Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T18:49:40.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 17 - Ketamine for Psychiatric Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2019

I. Nicol Ferrier
Affiliation:
University of Newcastle upon Tyne
Jonathan Waite
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham
Get access

Summary

Ketamine and related compounds, such as esketamine, are of relevance to ECT practice for several reasons. First, as a drug with marked rapid antidepressant activity in people with treatment resistant depression (TRD), it may become an alternative to ECT in some cases. Second, ECT suites are a suitable setting for intravenous or other routes of directly observed therapy and ECT staff have experience with this patient group. Third, there may be synergy between ketamine and neuromodulatory therapies such as TMS.

Type
Chapter
Information
The ECT Handbook , pp. 149 - 160
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ACMD (Advisory Council on Misuse of Drugs) (2013) Ketamine: a review of use and harms. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ketamine-reportGoogle Scholar
Anderson, I. M., Blamire, A., Branton, T. et al. (2017) Ketamine augmentation of electroconvulsive therapy to improve neuropsychological and clinical outcomes in depression (Ketamine-ECT): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel group, superiority trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 365–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, S. C., Shabir, S., Georgopoulos, N. T. et al. (2016) Ketamine-induced apoptosis in normal human urothelial cells: a direct, N-Methyl-d-Aspartate receptor-independent pathway characterized by mitochondrial stress. American Journal of Pathology, 186, 1267–77.Google Scholar
Berman, R. M., Cappiello, A., Anand, A. et al. (2000) Antidepressant effects of Ketamine. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 351–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Best, S. R. & Griffin, B. (2015) Combination therapy utilizing ketamine and TMS for treatment-resistant depression: a case-report. International Journal of Neuroscience, 125, 232–4.Google Scholar
Boyer, P. A., Skolnick, P. & Fossom, L. H. (1998) Chronic administration of imipramine and citalopram alters the expression of NMDA receptor subunit mRNAs in mouse brain. A quantitative in situ hybridization study. J Mol Neurosci, 10, 219–33.Google Scholar
Caddy, C., Amit, B. H., McCloud, T. L., Rendell, J. M., Furukawa, T. A., McShane, R. et al. (2015) Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.; CD011612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canuso, C. M., Singh, J. B., Fedgchin, M. et al. (2018) Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine for the rapid reduction of symptoms of depression and suicidality in patients at imminent risk for suicide: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. AJP in Advance (doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17060720).Google Scholar
Cusin, C., Ionescu, D. F., Pavone, K. J. et al. (2017) Ketamine augmentation for outpatients with treatment resistant depression: Preliminary evidence for two-step intravenous dose escalation. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 5164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, E. J., Singh, J. B., Fedgchin, M. et al. (2018) Efficacy and safety of intranasal esketamine adjunctive to oral antidepressant therapy in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 139–48. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.Google Scholar
Daly, E., Singh, J., Trivedi, M. et al. (2018) A randomized withdrawal, double-blind, multicenter study of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant for relapse prevention in treatment-resistant depression. Abstract WP 68, American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Miami Beach, FL.Google Scholar
Diamond, P. R., Farmery, A. D., Atkinson, S. et al. (2014) Ketamine infusions for treatment resistant depression: a series of 28 patients treated weekly or twice weekly in an ECT clinic. J Psychopharmacol, 28, 536–44.Google Scholar
Domany, Y., Bleich-Cohen, M., Tarrasch, R. et al. (2019) Repeated oral ketamine for out-patient treatment of resistant depression: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. Br J Psychiat, 214, 20–6.Google Scholar
Duman, R. S. & Li, N. (2012) A neurotrophic hypothesis of depression: role of synaptogenesis in the actions of NMDA receptor antagonists. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 367, 2475–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Featherstone, R. E., Liang, Y., Saunders, J. A. et al. (2012) Subchronic ketamine treatment leads to permanent changes in EEG, cognition and the astrocytic glutamate transporter EAAT2 in mice. Neurobiology of Disease, 47, 338–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feder, A., Parides, M. K., Murrough, J. W., Perez, A. M., Morgan, J. E., Saxena, S. et al. (2014) Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 71, 681–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernie, G., Currie, J., Perrin, J. S. et al. (2017) Ketamine as the anaesthetic for ECT: the KANECT randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 210, 422–8.Google Scholar
Glue, P., Neehoff, S. M., Medlicott, N. J., Gray, A., Kibby, G. & McNaughton, N. (2018) Safety and efficacy of maintenance ketamine treatment in patients with treatment-refractory generalised anxiety and social anxiety disorders. J Psychopharmacol, Mar 1:269881118762073. doi: 10.1177/0269881118762073.Google Scholar
Grunebaum, M. F., Galfalvy, H. C., Choo, T. H. et al. (2017) Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, appiajp201717060647. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17060647. [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar
Hartberg, J., Garrett-Walcott, S. & De Gioannis, A. (2018) Impact of oral ketamine augmentation on hospital admissions in treatment-resistant depression and PTSD: a retrospective study. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 235, 393–8.Google Scholar
Jelovac, A., Kolshus, E. & McLoughlin, D. M. (2013) Relapse following successful ECT for Major Depression: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38, 2467–74.Google Scholar
Kavalali, E. T. & Monteggia, L. M. (2018) The ketamine metabolite 2R,6R-hydroxynorketamine blocks NMDA receptors and impacts downstream signalling linked to antidepressant effects. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43, 221–2. doi:10.1038/npp.2017.210 ia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, A., Fahl Mar, K., Faucett, J, Khan Schilling, S., Brown, W. A. (2017) Has the rising placebo response impacted antidepressant clinical trial outcome? data from the US Food and Drug Administration 1987–2013. World Psychiatry, 16, 181–92.Google Scholar
Lenze, E. J., Farber, N. B., Kharasch, E. et al. (2016) Ninety-six hour ketamine infusion with co-administered clonidine for treatment-resistant depression: A pilot randomised controlled trial. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 17, 230–8.Google Scholar
Loo, C. K., Katalinic, N., Garfield, J. B. B., Sainsbury, K., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., MacPherson, R. (2012) Neuropsychological and mood effects of ketamine in electroconvulsive therapy: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 142, 233–40.Google Scholar
Loo, C. (2018) Can we confidently use ketamine as a clinical treatment for depression? Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 1112. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30480-7.Google Scholar
Lubeck, D. P., Whitmore, K., Sant, G. R., Alvarez‐Horine, S. & Lai, C. (2001) Psychometric validation of the O’Leary‐Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index in a clinical trial of pentosan polysulfate sodium. Urology, 57(6 Suppl 1), 62–6.Google Scholar
McGirr, A., Berlim, M. T., Bond, D. J. et al. (2017) Adjunctive ketamine in electroconvulsive therapy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 210, 403–7.Google Scholar
Mills, I. H., Park, G. R., Manara, A. R. & Merriman, R. J. (1998) Treatment of compulsive behaviour in eating disorders with intermittent ketamine infusions. QJM, 91, 493503.Google Scholar
Murrough, J. W., Iosifescu, D. V., Chang, L. C. et al. (2013) Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression: a two-site randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1134–42.Google Scholar
NDTMS (National Drug Treatment Monitoring System) (2018) Adult substance misuse statistics –1 April 2015 to 31 March 2016 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/733323/NDTMS_Reference_Data_document_CDSO_14.02.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ochs-Ross, R., Daly, E., Zhang, Y. et al. (2018) Effiacy and safety of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant in elderly patients with treatment-resistant depression. Abstract W27 American Society of Clinical Pharmacology, Florida.Google Scholar
Okamoto, N., Tetsuji, N. & Sakamoto, K. (2010) Rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine anesthesia during ECT of treatment resistant depression: Comparing ketamine and propofol anesthesia. Journal of ECT, 26, 223–7.Google Scholar
Paul, I. A., Nowak, G., Layer, R. T., Popik, P. & Skolnick, P. (1994) Adaptation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 269, 95102.Google Scholar
Popova, V., Daly, E., Trivedi, M. et al. (2018) Randomized, double-blind, study of flexibly-dosed esketamine nasal spray plus oral antidepressant vs. active control in treatment-resistant depression. Abstract W30. American Society of Clinical Pharmacology, Florida.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riva-Posse, P., Reiff, C. R., Edwards, J. A. et al. (2018) Blood pressure safety of subanesthetic ketamine for depression: a report on 684 infusions. Journal of Affective Disorders DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.025Google Scholar
Rodriguez, C. I., Kegeles, L. S., Levinson, A., Feng, T., Marcus, S. M., Vermes, D. et al. (2013) Randomized controlled crossover trial of ketamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: proof-of-concept. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38, 2475–83.Google Scholar
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (2017) Clinical memorandum: Use of ketamine for treating depression. https://www.ranzcp.org/Files/Resources/College_Statements/Clinical_Memoranda/CLM-PPP-Ketamine-to-treat-depression-(November-201.aspxGoogle Scholar
Royal College of Psychiatrists (2017) Statement on ketamine to treat depression. www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Ketamine%20to%20treat%20Depression%20-%20ECT%20ctee%20statement%20Feb17.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sackeim, H. A. (2016) Acute continuation and maintenance treatment of major depressive episodes with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimulation, 9, 313–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanacora, G. & Schatzberg, A. F. (2015) Ketamine: promising path or false prophecy in the development of novel therapeutics for mood disorders? Neuropsychopharmacology, 40, 259–67.Google Scholar
Sanacora, G., Frye, M. A., McDonald, W. et al. (2017) A consensus statement on the use of ketamine in the treatment of mood disorders. JAMA Psychiatry, 74, 399405. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatryCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schak, K. M., Vande Voort, J. L., Johnson, E. K. et al. (2016) Potential risks of poorly monitored ketamine use in depression treatment Am J Psychiatry, 173, 215–18; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15081082.Google Scholar
Schobel, S. A., Chaudhury, N. H., Khan, U. A. et al. (2013) Imaging patients with psychosis and a mouse model establishes a spreading pattern of hippocampal dysfunction and implicates glutamate as a driver. Neuron, 78, 8193.Google Scholar
Short, B., Fong, J., Galvez, V., Shelker, W. & Loo, C. K. (2018) Side-effects associated with ketamine use in depression: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 6578. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30272-9.Google Scholar
Singh, I., Morgan, C., Curran, V., Nutt, D., Schlag, A. & McShane, R. (2017) Ketamine treatment for depression: opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight. Lancet Psychiatry, 4, 419–26. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30102-5.Google Scholar
Sun, L., Li, Q., Li, Q. et al. (2014) Chronic ketamine exposure induces permanent impairment of brain functions in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. Addiction Biology, 19,185–94. doi: 10.1111/adb.12004. Epub 2012 Nov 12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, J. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Coughlin, C. et al. (2018) Ketamine for social anxiety disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 43, 325–33.Google Scholar
van Schalkwyk, G. I., Wilkinson, S. T., Davidson, L. et al. (2018) Acute psychoactive effects of intravenous ketamine during treatment of mood disorders: Analysis of the Clinician Administered Dissociative State Scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 1116.Google Scholar
Wajs, E., Aluisio, L., Morrison, R. et al. (2018) Long term safety of intranasal esketamine plus oral antidepressant in patients with treatment-resistant depression: phase 3, open-label, safety and efficacy study (Sustain-2). Abstract T67 American Society of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Miami Beach FL.Google Scholar
Wan, L. B., Levitch, C. F., Perez, A. M. et al. (2015) Ketamine safety and tolerability in clinical trials for treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry, 76, 247–52.Google Scholar
Wang, C., Zheng, D., Xu, J., Lam, W. & Yew, D. T. (2013) Brain damages in ketamine addicts as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 7, 23. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00023. eCollection 2013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilkinson, S. T., Toprak, M., Turner, M. S., Levine, S. P., Katz, R. B. & Sanacora, G. (2017) A survey of the clinical, off-label use of ketamine as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 695–6. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17020239.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, S. T., Wright, D., Fasula, M. K. et al. (2017) Cognitive behavior therapy may sustain antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 86, 162–7. doi: 10.1159/000457960.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, S. T., Ballard, E. D., Bloch, M. H. et al. (2018) The effect of a single dose of intravenous ketamine on suicidal ideation: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 150–8. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040472. Epub 2017 Oct 3.Google Scholar
Wohleb, E. S., Gerhard, D., Thomas, A. & Duman, R. S. (2017) Molecular and cellular mechanisms of rapid-acting antidepressants ketamine and Scopolamine. Current Neuropharmacology, 15, 1120.Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Cui, Y., Sang, K. et al. (2018) Ketamine blocks bursting in the lateral habenula to rapidly relieve depression. Nature, 554, 317–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zanos, P., Moaddel, R., Morris, P. J. et al. (2016) NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites. Nature, 533, 481–6.Google Scholar
Zarate, A. A., Singh, J. B., Carlson, P. J. et al. (2006) A randomised trial of an NMDA antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 856–64.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×