Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The need for classification
- 3 First principles of classification
- 4 The variety of classification: systems and structures
- 5 The classification scheme: internal structure
- 6 Types of classification scheme
- 7 Order in the classification scheme
- 8 Content analysis 1: document description
- 9 Content analysis 2: practical constraints
- 10 Controlled indexing languages
- 11 Word-based approaches to retrieval
- 12 Library of Congress Subject Headings 1: basic headings
- 13 Library of Congress Subject Headings 2: structured headings
- 14 Classification scheme application
- 15 Library of Congress Classification 1: basic classmark construction
- 16 Library of Congress Classification 2: use of tables
- 17 Dewey Decimal Classification 1: general properties and basic numbers
- 18 Dewey Decimal Classification 2: number building
- 19 Universal Decimal Classification 1: general properties and basic number building
- 20 Universal Decimal Classification 2: auxiliary tables
- 21 Faceted classification
- 22 Managing classification
- 23 Classification in digital space
- Glossary
- Bibliography and further reading
- Index
13 - Library of Congress Subject Headings 2: structured headings
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 June 2018
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The need for classification
- 3 First principles of classification
- 4 The variety of classification: systems and structures
- 5 The classification scheme: internal structure
- 6 Types of classification scheme
- 7 Order in the classification scheme
- 8 Content analysis 1: document description
- 9 Content analysis 2: practical constraints
- 10 Controlled indexing languages
- 11 Word-based approaches to retrieval
- 12 Library of Congress Subject Headings 1: basic headings
- 13 Library of Congress Subject Headings 2: structured headings
- 14 Classification scheme application
- 15 Library of Congress Classification 1: basic classmark construction
- 16 Library of Congress Classification 2: use of tables
- 17 Dewey Decimal Classification 1: general properties and basic numbers
- 18 Dewey Decimal Classification 2: number building
- 19 Universal Decimal Classification 1: general properties and basic number building
- 20 Universal Decimal Classification 2: auxiliary tables
- 21 Faceted classification
- 22 Managing classification
- 23 Classification in digital space
- Glossary
- Bibliography and further reading
- Index
Summary
In the previous chapter we considered how to express the complete content of a document by using more than one heading. Most of the headings used to illustrate Chapter 12 were pre-coordinated headings, combining more than one concept, such as Ecclesiastical embroidery or Wildlife conservation. In fact it's quite hard to find headings that are not pre-coordinated in this way.
There is another way for you to combine concepts in LCSH, and that is through the use of structured headings. A structured heading, like a pre-coordinated heading, has two or more concepts combined, but instead of merging them into a natural language phrase, the conceptual structure is displayed using dashes, rather as we've done with the concept analyses or subject strings.
Examples
Bumblebees– –Fiction
Archipelagoes– –Guadeloupe
Jigsaw puzzles– –Collectors and collecting– –United States
Cucumbers– –Bibliography
Tightrope walking– –France– –Case studies
Chickens in art– –Exhibitions
Dentures– –Drama
The normal practice when typing out or entering structured headings is to use a double dash (Bumblebees– –Fiction). This is to distinguish the structured heading from one that simply contains a hyphen (Animalwater relationships or Sugar-beet web-worm).
Structured subject headings fall into three broad categories:
• headings with topical subdivisions
• headings with geographical subdivisions
• headings with free-floating subdivisions.
Topical subdivisions
Topical subdivisions, or subject subdivisions, are those subdivisions of a heading that are enumerated in the main list of headings. That is to say, LCSH gives us the subdivision, ready-made for use. Just as in the case of the main headings, valid topical subdivisions are shown in bold. Here are some examples:
Saturn (Planet)
Saturn (Planet)– –Exploration
Saturn (Planet)– –Influence on man
USE Human beings– –Effect of Saturn on
Saturn (Planet)– – Mythology (May Subd Geog)
UF Saturn (Planet) (in religion, folklore, etc) [Former heading]
Saturn (Planet)– –Orbit
Saturn (Planet)– –Phases
Saturn (Planet)– –Ring system
Saturn (Planet)– –Rings
USE Saturn (Planet)– –Ring system
Saturn (Planet)– –Satellites
Saturn (Planet)– –Satellites– –Ephemerides
This is just a selection of the topical subdivisions under Saturn (Planet). I've left out some of the intervening text, so that you can see the structure more clearly; as a result the BTs and so on are missing here, but you can still see the references from unused terms (non-bold) to preferred terms (bold).
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- Essential Classification , pp. 131 - 152Publisher: FacetPrint publication year: 2015