Book contents
- Ethics and Animals
- Cambridge Applied Ethics
- Ethics and Animals
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments (for the second edition)
- Acknowledgments (for the first edition)
- Abbreviations
- 1 Why Animals Matter
- 2 The Natural and the Normative
- 3 Eating Animals
- 4 Experimenting with Animals
- 5 Dilemmas of Captivity
- 6 Animals in the Wild
- 7 Action for Animals
- References
- Index
- References
References
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 August 2021
Book contents
- Ethics and Animals
- Cambridge Applied Ethics
- Ethics and Animals
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments (for the second edition)
- Acknowledgments (for the first edition)
- Abbreviations
- 1 Why Animals Matter
- 2 The Natural and the Normative
- 3 Eating Animals
- 4 Experimenting with Animals
- 5 Dilemmas of Captivity
- 6 Animals in the Wild
- 7 Action for Animals
- References
- Index
- References
Summary
A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Ethics and AnimalsAn Introduction, pp. 224 - 243Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Adams, Carol, and Gruen, Lori. 2022. Ecofeminism: Feminist Intersections with Other Animals and the Earth second edition. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Adelman, Jacob. 2009. “Mobile Slaughterhouse Assists in Trend to Locally Killed Meat.” July 25. www.gosanangelo.com/news/2009/jul/25/mobile-slaughterhouse-assists-in-trend-to-killed.Google Scholar
Allen, Colin. 1999. “Animal Concepts Revisited: The Use of Self-Monitoring as an Empirical Approach.” Erkenntnis. Vol. 51 No. 1: 33–40.Google Scholar
American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2006. “Stem Cell Research and Therapy Proves Problematic for Rehabilitation Patients.” www.aapmr.org/media/stemcell1106.htm.Google Scholar
Anderson, Elizabeth. 2004. “Animal Rights and the Values of Nonhuman Life.” In Sunstein, Cass R. and Nussbaum, Martha (eds.). Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. New York: Oxford University Press: 277–98.Google Scholar
Andrews, Kristin, and Gruen, Lori. 2014. “Empathy in Other Apes.” In Maibom, Heidi (ed.). Empathy and Morality. New York: Oxford University Press: 193–209.Google Scholar
Animal Testing – Monkeys, Rats and Me. 2006. Television broadcast. BBC2. November 27. www.archive.org/details/MonkeysRatsandMe.Google Scholar
Arluke, Arnold, Frost, Randy, Steketee, Gail, Patronek, Gary, Luke, Carter, Messner, Edward, Nathanson, Jane, and Papazian, Michelle. 2002. “Press Reports of Animal Hoarding.” Society & Animals. Vol. 10 No. 2: 113–35.Google Scholar
Aydede, Murat (ed.). 2006. Pain: New Essays on Its Nature and the Methodology of Its Study. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
AZA 2012. Standards for Elephant Management. https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2332/aza_standards_for_elephant_management_and_care.pdf.Google Scholar
Baden, John A. 1999. “Factory Farms Efficiency Comes with a High Price.” Bozeman Daily Chronicle. January 20. www.free-eco.org/articleDisplay.php?id=187.Google Scholar
Barnes, Hannah. 2014. “How Many Healthy Animals Do Zoos Put Down?” BBC Magazine. February 27.Google Scholar
Barrett, Larry. 2002a. “Poultry Production, Past and Present.” Baseline Magazine. July 10. www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Past-News/Poultry-Production-Past-and-Present.Google Scholar
Barrett, Larry. 2002b “From Egg to Drummies: 10 Weeks from Farm to Food.” Baseline Magazine. July 10. www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Past-News/From-Egg-to-Drummies-10-Weeks-From-Farm-to-Food.Google Scholar
Bateson, Patrick. 1991. “Are There Principles of Behavioural Development?” In Bateson, P. (ed.). The Development and Integration of Behaviour: Essays in Honour of Robert Hinde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bekoff, Marc. 2002. Minding Animals: Awareness, Emotions, and Heart. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bekoff, Marc. 2009. “Animal Emotions: Do Animals Think and Feel?” Psychology Today. www.psychologytoday.com/blog/animal-emotions/200906/wild-justice-and-moral-intelligence-in-animals.Google Scholar
Bekoff, Marc. 2018. “Zoothanasia The Cruel Practice of Killing Healthy Zoo Animals.” Salon. February 3.Google Scholar
Bekoff, Marc, and Pierce, Jessica. 2009. Wild Justice: The Moral Lives of Animals. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Bennett, Joshua. 2020. Being Property Once Myself: Blackness and the End of Man. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bentham, Jeremy. 1789. “Of the Limits of the Penal Branch of Jurisprudence.” An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. London: T. Payne, and Son, at the Mews Gate.Google Scholar
Berry, Colin, Patronek, Gary, and Lockwood, Randall. 2005. “Long-Term Outcomes in Animal Hoarding Cases.” Animal Law. Vol. 11: 167–88.Google Scholar
Biello, David. 2007. “Requiem for a Freshwater Dolphin.” Scientific American. August 8.Google Scholar
Bilefsky, Dan. 2014. “Danish Zoo, Reviled in the Death of Girraffe, Kills 4 Lions.” New York Times. March 26.Google Scholar
Bjugstad, Kimberly B., Redmond, D. Eugene, Teng, Yang D., Elsworth, J. D., Roth, R. H., Blanchard, B. C., Snyder, Evan Y., and Sladek, John R. 2005. “Neural Stem Cells Implanted into MPTP-treated Monkeys Increase the Size of Endogenous Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Positive Cells Found in the Striatum: A Return to Control Measures.” Cell Transplantation. Vol. 14 No. 10: 183–92.Google Scholar
Blattner, Charlotte, Donaldson, Sue, and Wilcox, Ryan. 2020. “Animal Agency in Community.” Politics and Animals. Vol. 6: 1–22.Google Scholar
Boesch, Christophe, and Boesch, Hedwige. 1990. “Tool Use and Tool Making in Wild Chimpanzees.” Folia Primatologica. Vol. 54: 86–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, Christophe, Bolé, Camille, Eckhardt, Nadin, and Boesch, Hedwige. 2010. “Altruism in Forest Chimpanzees: The Case of Adoption.” PLoS ONE. Vol. 5 No. 1: e8901.Google Scholar
Boyd, William. 2001. “Making Meat: Science, Technology, and American Poultry Production.” Technology and Culture. Vol. 42 No. 4: 631–64.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, Gay A. 2009. Elephants on the Edge: What Animals Teach Us about Humanity. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, Gay R., Schore, Allan N., Brown, Janine L., Poole, Joyce H., and Moss, Cynthia J. 2005. “Elephant Breakdown.” Nature. Vol. 433 No. 7028: 807.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broom, D. M., Sena, H., and Moynihan, K. L. 2009. “Pigs Learn What a Mirror Image Represents and Use It to Obtain Information.” Animal Behaviour. Vol. 78 No. 5: 1037–41.Google Scholar
Brosnan, Sarah F., and de Waal, Frans B. M. 2002. “A Proximate Perspective on Reciprocal Altruism.” Human Nature. Vol. 13 No. 1: 129–52.Google Scholar
Brown, James H., and Sax, Dov F. 2004. “An Essay on Some Topics concerning Invasive Species.” Austral Ecology. Vol. 29: 530–36.Google Scholar
Buckley, R. 2001. “Environmental Impacts.” In Weaver, David B. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. New York: CABI: 379–90.Google Scholar
Callicott, J. Baird. 1980. “Animal Liberation: A Triangular Affair.” Environmental Ethics. Vol. 2 No. 4: 311–38.Google Scholar
Callicott, J. Baird. 1989. In Defense of the Land Ethic: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Carlsson, Hans-Erik, Schapiro, Steven J., Farah, Idle, and Hau, Jann. 2004. “Use of Primates in Research: A Global Overview.” American Journal of Primatology. Vol. 63 No. 4: 225–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carvajal, Doreen, and Castle, Stephen. 2009. “A US Hog Giant Transforms Eastern Europe.” New York Times. May 6.Google Scholar
Cataldi, Susan. 2002. “Animals and the Concept of Dignity: Critical Reflections on a Circus Performance.” Ethics and the Environment. Vol. 7 No. 2: 104–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam. 1980. “Human Language and Other Semiotic Systems.” In Sebok, Thomas A. and Umiker-Sebok, Jean (eds.). Speaking of Apes: A Critical Anthology of Two-Way Communication with Man. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Christman, John. 2009. “Autonomy in Moral and Political Philosophy.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.Google Scholar
Clarke, Stephen R. L. 1977. The Moral Status of Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Clayton, N. S., Bussey, T. J., and Dickinson, A. 2003. “Can Animals Recall the Past and Plan for the Future?” National Review of Neuroscience. Vol. 4 No. 8: 685–91.Google Scholar
Clayton, N. S., and Dickinson, A. 1998. “Episodic-Like Memory during Cache Recovery by Scrub Jays.” Nature. Vol. 395 No. 117: 272–74.Google Scholar
Clayton, N. S., Salwiczek, L. H., and Dickinson, A. 2007. “Episodic Memory.” Current Biology. Vol. 17 No. 6: R189–91.Google Scholar
Cochrane, Alasdair. 2009. “Do Animals Have an Interest in Liberty?” Political Studies. Vol. 57 No. 3: 660–79.Google Scholar
“Conservationists Celebrate Double Achievement.” 2008. University of Kent. September 18.Google Scholar
Convention on Biological Diversity. 2010. Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. www.cbd.int/GBO3.Google Scholar
Cook, Michael. 1998. US House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture Hearing Statement. May 13. www.epa.gov/ocir/hearings/testimony/105_1997_1998/051398.htm.Google Scholar
Crary, Alice. 2010. “Minding What Already Matters: A Critique of Moral Individualism.” Philosophical Topics. Vol. 38 No. 1: 17–49.Google Scholar
Crary, Alice. 2016. Inside Ethics: On the Demands of Moral Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Crary, Alice. 2019. “The Horrific History of Comparisons between Cognitive Disability and Animality (and How to Move Past It).” In Gruen, Lori and Probyn-Rapsey, Fiona (eds.) Animaladies. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Cripps, Elizabeth. 2010. “Saving the Polar Bear, Saving the World: Can the Capabilities Approach Do Justice to Humans, Animals and Ecosystems?” Res Publica. Vol. 16 No. 1: 1–22.Google Scholar
Cronin, William. 1996a. “Getting Back to the Wrong Nature: Why We Need to End our Love Affair with the Wilderness.” Utne Reader. May/June.Google Scholar
Cronin, William. 1996b. Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Cuomo, Chris. 1998. Feminism and Ecological Communities: An Ethic of Flourishing. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cuomo, Chris, and Gruen, Lori. 1998. “On Puppies and Pussies: Animals, Intimacy, and Moral Distance.” In Bar-On, A. and Ferguson, Ann (eds.). Daring to Be Good: Essays in Feminist Ethio-politics. New York: Routledge: 129–42.Google Scholar
Curtin, Deane. 1991. “Toward an Ecological Ethic of Care.” Hypatia. Vol. 6 No. 1: 60–74.Google Scholar
Cushman, Fiery. 2006. “Aping Ethics: Behavioral Homologies and Nonhuman Rights.” In Hauser, Marc, Cushman, Fiery, and Kamen, Matthew (eds.). People, Property or Pets? West Lafayette, IN.: Purdue University Press.Google Scholar
Darwin, Charles. 1888. The Descent of Man, second edition. London: John Murray. Vol. I.Google Scholar
Davenport, R. K. Jr., and Menzel, E. W. 1963. “Stereotyped Behavior of the Infant Chimpanzee.” Archives of General Psychiatry. Vol. 8 No. 1: 99–104.Google Scholar
Davenport, R. K. Jr., Menzel, E. W. Jr., and Rogers, C. M. 1966. “Effects of Severe Isolation on ‘Normal’ Juvenile Chimpanzees: Health, Weight Gain, and Stereotyped Behaviors.” Archives of General Psychiatry. Vol. 14 No. 2: 134–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeGrazia, David. 1996. Taking Animals Seriously. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Delon, Nicolas, and Purves, Duncan. 2018. “Wild Animal Suffering Is Intractable.” Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. Vol. 31: 239–60.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Human Services. 2005. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. “National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) Frequently Asked Question about Antibiotic Resistance.” www.cdc.gov/narms/faq_antiresis.htm.Google Scholar
Derrida, Jacques. 2008. The Animal That Therefore I Am. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Devolder, Katrien, Yip, Lauren, and Douglas, Thomas. 2020. “The Ethics of Creating and Using Human-Animal Chimeras” ILAR Journal.Google Scholar
Diamond, Cora. 1978. “Eating Meat and Eating People.” Philosophy. Vol. 53 No. 206. October: 465–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickerson, Caitlin, and Jordon, Miriam. 2020. “South Dakota Meat Plant Is Now Country’s Biggest Coronavirus Hot Spot.” New York Times. April 15.Google Scholar
Donaldson, Sue, and Kymlicka, Will. 2018. “Rights.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.). Critical Terms for Animal Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Donovan, Josephine. 1990. “Animal Rights and Feminist Theory.” Signs. Vol. 15 No. 2: 350–75.Google Scholar
Donovan, Josephine, and Adams, Carol (eds.). 2007. The Feminist Care Tradition in Animal Ethics. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Dorsey, E. R., Constantinescu, R., Thompson, J. P., Biglan, K. M., Holloway, R. G., Kieburtz, K., Marshall, F. J., Ravina, B. M., Schifitto, G., Siderowf, A., and Tanner, C. M. 2007. “Projected Number of People with Parkinson Disease in the Most Populous Nations, 2005 through 2030.” Neurology. Vol. 68 No. 5: 384–86.Google Scholar
Doyle, Catherine. 2014. “Captive Elephants.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.). The Ethics of Captivity. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Edington, J. M., and Edington, M. A. 1986. Ecology, Recreation and Tourism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Engber, Daniel. 2009a. “Me and My Monkey: The Confessions of a Reluctant Vivisector.” Slate Magazine. June 5.Google Scholar
Etter, Lauren. 2008. “Have Knife, Will Travel: A Slaughterhouse on Wheels ‘Custom Butcher’ Gives Small Farms New Option to Sell Local Produce.” Wall Street Journal. September 5.Google Scholar
Everett, Jennifer. 2001. “Environmental Ethics, Animal Welfarism, and the Problem of Predation: A Bambi Lover’s Respect for Nature.” Ethics and the Environment. Vol. 6 No. 1: 42–67.Google Scholar
Fearn, Eva (ed.). 2010. “2010–2011 State of the Wild: A Global Portrait.” Wildlife Conservation Society. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Fedigan, Linda. 1992. Primate Paradigms: Sex Roles and Social Bonds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ferdowsian, Hope, Johnson, L, Johnsoh, J, Fenton, Andrew, Shriver, Adam, and Gluck, John. 2020. “A Belmont Report for Animals?” Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics. Vol 29 No. 1: 19–37.Google Scholar
Fiala, Nathan. 2009. “How Meat Contributes to Global Warming.” Scientific American. February 4.Google Scholar
Fischer, J., and Lindenmayer, D. B. 2000. “An Assessment of the Published Results of Animal Relocations.” Biological Conservation. Vol. 96 No. 1: 1–11.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, Deborah Kay. 2003. Every Farm a Factory. New Haven, CT.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fluck, David. 2010. “Giants of Savanna the Latest Evolution at Dallas Zoo.” Dallas Morning News. May 23.Google Scholar
Fouts, Roger. 1998. Next of Kin: My Conversations with Chimpanzees. New York: Harper Paperbacks.Google Scholar
Francione, Gary L. 1996. Rain without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Francione, Gary L. 2000. Introduction to Animal Rights: Your Child or the Dog? Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Francione, Gary L. 2008. “‘Pets’: The Inherent Problems with Domestication.” Opposing Views. August 27.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, Harry G. 1971. “Freedom of the Will and the Concept of the Person.” Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 68 No. 1: 15–20.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. Allen, and Gardner, Beatrix T. 1969. “Teaching Sign Language to a Chimpanzee.” Science. Vol. 165 No. 3894: 664–72.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. Allen, and Gardner, Beatrix T. 1980. “Comparative Psychology and Language Acquisition.” In Sebok, Thomas A. and Umiker-Sebok, Jean (eds.). Speaking of Apes: A Critical Anthology of Two-Way Communication with Man. New York: Plenum Press: 287–329.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. Allen, and Gardner, Beatrix T. 1989. Teaching Sign Language to Chimpanzees. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Gluck, John. 2016b. Voracious Science and Vulnerable Animals: A Primate Scientist’s Ethical Journey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godfrey-Smith, Peter. 2009. Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goodall, Jane. 1964. “Tool-Using and Aimed Throwing in a Community of Free-Living Chimpanzees.” Nature. Vol. 201 No. 1264–1266: 1264–66.Google Scholar
Goodall, Jane. 1986. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Goodman, Peter S. 1999. “An Unsavory Byproduct: Runoff and Pollution.” Washington Post. August 1.Google Scholar
Goodpaster, Kenneth. 1978. “On Being Morally Considerable.” Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 75 No. 6: 308–25.Google Scholar
Gould, Stephen Jay. 1997. “Kropotkin Was No Crackpot.” Natural History. Vol. 106 No. 7: 12–21.Google Scholar
Graff, Michael. 2018. “Millions of Dead Chickens and Pigs Found in Hurricane Floods.” The Guardian. September 22.Google Scholar
Grau, Christopher (ed.). 2005. Philosophers Explore the Matrix. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Paul E. 2004. “Instinct in the ‘50s: The British Reception of Konrad Lorenz’s Theory of Instinctive Behavior.” Biology and Philosophy. Vol. 19 No. 4: 609–31.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Paul E., Machery, Edouard, and Linquist, Stefan. 2009. “The Vernacular Concept of Innateness.” Mind & Language. Vol. 24 No. 5: 605–30.Google Scholar
Grimm, David. 2018. “Record Number of Monkeys Being Used in Research.” Science. November 2.Google Scholar
Grimm, David. 2019. “US Spending Bill Restricts Some Animal Research, Pushes for Lab Animal Retirement.” Science. December 19.Google Scholar
Gross, Charles. 1998. “Galen and the Squealing Pig.” Neuroscientist. Vol. 4 No. 3: 216–21.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori. 1993. “Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection between Women and Animals.” In Gaard, Greta (ed.). 1993. Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori. 2002. “Refocusing Environmental Ethics: From Intrinsic Value to Endorsable Valuations.” Philosophy and Geography. Vol. 5 No. 2: 153–64.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori. 2004. “Empathy and Vegetarian Commitments.” In Steve, F. Sapontzis (ed.). Food for Thought: The Debate over Eating Meat. New York: Prometheus: 284–94.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori. 2015. Entangled Empathy: An Alternative Ethic for our Relationships with Animals. New York: Lantern Books.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori (ed.). 2018. Critical Terms for Animal Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori, Grabel, Laura, and Singer, Peter (eds.). 2007. Stem Cell Research: The Ethical Issues. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori, and Jones, Robert. 2015. “Veganism as an Aspiration.” In Bramble, Ben and Fisher, Bob (eds.). The Moral Complexities of Eating Meat. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gruen, Lori, and Probyn-Rapsey, Fiona (eds.). 2018. Animaladies: Gender, Animals and Madness. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Hadley, John. 2009. “Animal Rights Extremism and the Terrorism Question.” Journal of Social Philosophy. Vol. 40 No. 3: 363–78.Google Scholar
Hancocks, David. 2003. A Different Nature: The Paradoxical World of Zoos and Their Uncertain Future. Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hanson, Elizabeth. 2002. Animal Attractions: Nature on Display in American Zoos. New Brunswick, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Haraway, Donna J. 2003. The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.Google Scholar
Hare, B., Call, J., Agnetta, B., and Tomasello, M. 2000. “Chimpanzees Know What Conspecifics Do and Do Not See.” Animal Behaviour. Vol. 59 No. 4: 771–86.Google Scholar
Hare, B., Call, J., and Tomasello, M. 2001. “Do Chimpanzees Know What Conspecifics Know?” Animal Behaviour. Vol. 61 No. 1: 139–51.Google Scholar
Harlow, Harry, and Harlow, M. K. 1962. “Social Deprivation in Monkeys.” Scientific American. Vol. 207 No. 5: 136–46.Google Scholar
Harper, A. Breeze (ed.). 2010. Sistah Vegan: Black Female Vegans Speak on Food, Identity, Health, and Society. New York: Lantern Press.Google Scholar
Harsanyi, John C. 1977. “Morality and the Theory of Rational Behavior.” Social Research. Vol. 44 No. 4: 623–57.Google Scholar
Hasan, Nurdin. 2010. “Elephant Murder Mystery Highlights Threat Faced by Animals in Aceh.” Jakarta Globe. May 9.Google Scholar
Hatkoff, Craig, Kahumbu, Isabelle, and Kahumbu, Paula. 2007. Owen and Mzee: The True Story of a Remarkable Friendship. New York: Scholastic Books.Google Scholar
Hauser, Marc. 2000. Wild Minds: What Animals Really Think. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar
Hayes, Keith J., and Hayes, Catherine. 1951. “The Intellectual Development of a Home-Raised Chimpanzee.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 95 No. 2: 105–9.Google Scholar
Hendrickson, M., and Heffernan, W. 2007. “Concentration of Agricultural Markets.” National Farmers Union. April. Greenwood Village, CO. www.nfu.org/wp-content/2007-heffernanreport.pdf.Google Scholar
Herrnstein, R. J. 1979. “Acquisition, Generalization, and Discrimination Reversal of a Natural Concept.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. Vol. 5 No. 2: 116–29.Google Scholar
Herrnstein, R. J., Loveland, D. H., and Cable, C. 1976. “Natural Concepts in Pigeons.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. Vol. 2 No. 4: 285–302.Google Scholar
Heyes, C. M. 1998. “Theory of Mind in Nonhuman Primates.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Vol. 21 No. 1: 101–14.Google Scholar
Hockings, Kimberley J., Anderson, James R., and Matsuzawa, Tetsuro. 2006. “Road Crossing in Chimpanzees: A Risky Business.” Current Biology. Vol. 16 No. 17: R668–70.Google Scholar
Horner, Victoria, and de Waal, Frans B. M. 2009. “Controlled Studies of Chimpanzee Cultural Transmission.” Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 178: 3–15.Google Scholar
Horner, Victoria, Whiten, Andrew, Flynn, Emma, and de Waal, Frans B. M. 2006. “Faithful Replication of Foraging Techniques along Cultural Transmission Chains by Chimpanzees and Children.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 103 No. 37: 13878–83.Google Scholar
House of Representatives. 2009. House Resolution 1549. “Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act.” www.govtrack.us/congress/billtext.xpd?bill=h111-1549.Google Scholar
Hundley, Tom. 2005. “Village in Poland Clashes with US Pork Giant.” Chicago Tribune. February 7.Google Scholar
Hunt, G. R. 1996. “Manufacture and Use of Hook-Tools by New Caledonian Crows.” Nature. Vol. 297 No. 249–51: 249–51.Google Scholar
Hurley, Karinna. 2019. “Add Another Animal to the Tool Users: Pigs.” Scientific American. November 12.Google Scholar
Hutchins, Michael, and Keele, Mike. 2006. “Elephant Importation from Range Countries: Ethical and Practical Considerations for Accredited Zoos.” Zoo Biology. Vol. 25 No. 3: 219–33.Google Scholar
Hyun, Insoo. 2016. “What’s Wrong with Human/Nonhuman Chimera Research?” PLoS Biology. Vol. 14 No. 8.Google Scholar
Jackson, Zakiyyah. 2020. Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Jacquet, Jennnifer, Franks, Becca, and Godfrey-Smith, Peter. 2019. “The Octopus Mind and the Argument Against Farming It.” Animal Sentience. Vol. 26 No. 19.Google Scholar
Jamieson, Dale. 2002. Morality’s Progress: Essays on Humans, Other Animals, and the Rest of Nature. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jamieson, Dale. 2008. Ethics and the Environment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Stephanie, Struthers Montford, Kelly, and Taylor, Chloe. 2020. Disability and Animality: Crip Perspectives on Critical Animal Studies. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Johnson, George. 1995. “Chimp Talk Debate: Is It Really Language?” New York Times. June 6.Google Scholar
Jones, Miriam. 2014. “Captivity in the Context of a Sanctuary for Formerly Farmed Animals.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.) The Ethics of Captivity. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kagan, Ron. 2016. “The Show Is Over.” Center for Humans and Nature. www.humansandnature.org/the-show-is-over.Google Scholar
Kagan, Shelly. 2011. “Do I Make a Difference?” Philosophy & Public Affairs. Vol. 39 No. 2: 105–41.Google Scholar
Kagan, Shelly. 2019. How to Count Animals, More or Less. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1785. The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals. Wood, Allen, ed. and trans. New Haven, CT.: Yale University Press. 2002.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1798. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Gregor, Mary, ed. and trans. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 2001. Lectures on Ethics. Schneewind, J. B., ed. Heath, Peter, trans. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kassam, Ahsifa. 2017. “Judge Dismisses Case of Woman Who Gave Water to Pigs Headed to Slaughter.” The Guardian. May 4.Google Scholar
Kawall, Jason. 1998. “Environmental Diversity and the Value of the Unusual.” Proceedings of the 20th World Congress of Philosophy. www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Envi/EnviKawa.htm.Google Scholar
Kellogg, W. N., and Kellogg, L. A. 1933. The Ape and the Child. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Kessler, M. J., Turnquist, J. E., Pritzker, K. P. H., and London, W. T. 1986. “Reduction of Passive Extension and Radiographic Evidence of Degenerative Knee Joint Diseases in Cage-Raised and Free-Ranging Aged Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta).” Journal of Medical Primatology. Vol. 15 No. 1: 1–9.Google Scholar
Kheel, Marti. 2008. Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kim, Claire Jean. 2015. Dangerous Crossings: Race, Species and Nature in a Multicultural Age. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
King, Barbara. 2017. Personalities on the Plate. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kittay, Eva. 2005. “At the Margins of Moral Personhood.” Ethics. Vol. 116 No. 1: 100–31.Google Scholar
Kittay, Eva. 2009. “The Personal Is Philosophical Is Political: A Philosopher and Mother of a Cognitively Disabled Person Sends Notes from the Battlefield.” Metaphilosophy. Vol. 40 Nos. 3–4: 606–27.Google Scholar
Kittay, Eva. 2019. Learning from My Daughter: The Value and Care of Disabled Minds. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Klailova, Michelle, Hodgkinson, Chloe, and Lee, Phyllis C. 2010. “Behavioral Responses of One Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) Group at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic, to Tourists, Researchers and Trackers.” American Journal of Primatology. Vol. 72 No. 10: 897–906.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine. 1996. The Sources of Normativity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine. 2004. “Fellow Creatures: Kantian Ethics and Our Duties to Animals.” In Peterson, Grethe B. (ed.). The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Vols. 25–26. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Krajick, Kevin. 2005. “Winning the War against Island Invaders.” Science. Vol. 310 No. 5753: 1410–13.Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will. 2018. “Human Rights without Human Supremacism.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 48 No. 6: 763–92.Google Scholar
Lederer, S. 1992. “Political Animals: The Shaping of Biomedical Research Literature in Twentieth-Century America.” Isis. Vol. 83 No. 1: 61–79.Google Scholar
Leider, J. P. 2006. “Animal Rights Activist Peter Singer Explains His Views.” Minnesota Daily. March 23.Google Scholar
Lewis, John. 2005. US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Hearing Statements. May 18. http://epw.senate.gov/hearing_statements.cfm?id=237817.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Bruce S., and Vrba, Elisabeth S. 2005. “Stephen Jay Gould on Species Selection: 30 Years of Insight.” Paleobiology. Vol. 31 No. 2: 113–21.Google Scholar
Lindberg, K. 2001. “Economic Impacts.” In Weaver, David B. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism. New York: CABI: 363–75.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Elisabeth. 2004. “Kanzi, Evolution, and Language.” Biology and Philosophy. Vol. 19 No. 4: 577–88.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Elisabeth. 2017. “Units and Levels of Selection.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.Google Scholar
Lockwood, Michael. 1979. “Singer on Killing and the Preference for Life.” Inquiry. Vol. 22 Nos. 1–2: 157–70.Google Scholar
Luban, Daniel. 2009. “Human Dignity, Humiliation and Torture.” Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. Vol. 19 No. 3: 211–30.Google Scholar
Lyn, Heidi. 2007. “Mental Representation of Symbols as Revealed by Vocabulary Errors in Two Bonobos (Pan Paniscus).” Animal Cognition. Vol 10 No. 4: 461–75.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, Catriona, and Stoljar, Natalie (eds.). 2000. Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mann, Janet, Sargeant, Brooke L., Watson-Capps, Jana J., Gibson, Quincy A., Heithaus, Michael R., Connor, Richard C., and Patterson, Eric. 2008. “Why Do Dolphins Carry Sponges?” PLoS ONE. Vol. 3 No. 12: e3868.Google Scholar
Marino, Lori, and Colvin, Christina. 2015. “Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus Domesticus.” International Journal of Comparative Psychology. Vol. 28.Google Scholar
McGowan, Christopher. 1997. The Raptor and the Lamb: Predators and Prey in the Living World. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar
McMahan, Jeff. 2008. “Eating Animals the Nice Way.” Daedalus. Vol. 137 No. 1: 66–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellon, Margaret, Benbrook, Charles, and Benbrook, Karen Lutz. 2001. Hogging It! Estimates of Antimicrobial Abuse in Livestock. Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists.Google Scholar
Meyers, Diana Tietjens. 2000. “Intersectional Identity and the Authentic Self? Opposites Attract!” In Mackenzie, Catriona and Stoljar, Natalie (eds.). Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mills, Brett. 2010. “Television Wildlife: Documentaries and Animals’ Right to Privacy.” Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies. Vol. 24 No. 2: 193–202.Google Scholar
Mistichelli, J. M. 1985. “Baby Fae: Ethical Issues Surrounding Cross-Species Organ Transplantation.” Scope Note. No. 5: 1–19.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. N., and Tromborg, C. T. 2007. “Sources of Stress in Captivity.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Vol. 102 Vol. 3 Nos. 3–4: 262–302.Google Scholar
Muller, M., and Mitani, J. C. 2005. “Conflict and Cooperation in Wild Chimpanzees.” In Slater, P. J. B., Rosenblatt, J., Snowdon, C., Roper, T., and Naguib, M. (eds.). Advances in the Study of Behavior. New York: Elsevier: 275–331.Google Scholar
Murphy, Timothy. 2004. Case Studies in Biomedical Research Ethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Myers, Norman. 1979. The Sinking Ark: A New Look at the Problems of Disappearing Species. New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Napier, John. 1964. “The Locomotor Functions of Hominids.” In Washburn, S. (ed.). Classification and Human Evolution. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 2009. Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals. Washington, DC: The National Academic Press.Google Scholar
Nicholl, Charles S., and Russell, Sharon. 2001. “A Darwinian View of the Issues Associated with the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research.” In Paul, Ellen Frankel, Paul, Jeffrey, and Miller, Fred D. Jr. (eds.). Why Animal Experimentation Matters: The Use of Animals in Medical Research. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Norris, Scott. 2007. “Tiny ‘Crow-Cams’ Capture Tool Use in Wild Birds.” National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/10/071004-crows-tools.html.Google Scholar
Novak, Melinda A., and Suomi, Stephen J. 1988. “Psychological Well-Being of Primates in Captivity.” American Psychologist. Vol. 43 No. 10: 765–73.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha. 2000. Women and Human Development. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha. 2004. “Beyond Compassion and Humanity: Justice for Nonhuman Animals.” In Sunstein, Cass R. and Nussbaum, Martha (eds.). Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. New York: Oxford University Press: 299–320.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha. 2006. Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, and Species Membership. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Oyama, Susan. 2007. “Changing the Game.” http://biolinguagem.com/colaboradores/oyama_2007_changingthegame.pdf.Google Scholar
Pacheco, Alex, with Francione, Anna. 1985. “The Silver Spring Monkeys.” In Singer, Peter (ed.). In Defense of Animals. New York: Basil Blackwell: 135–47.Google Scholar
Pachirat, Timothy. 2018. “Sanctuary.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.) Critical Terms for Animal Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Palmer, Clare, and Sandoe, Peter. 2014. “For Their Own Good: Captive Cats and Routine Confinement.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.) The Ethics of Captivity. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pearce, Fred. 1999. “Crops without Profit: Britain Is Paying an Extraordinary Price for Its Agriculture.” New Scientist. December 18.Google Scholar
Pew Charitable Trust. 2008. “Industrial Farm Animal Production, Antimicrobial Resistance and Human Health.” Pew Charitable Trust Report. January 30.Google Scholar
Platt, John. 2020. “The Faces of Extinction: The Species We Lost in 2020” The Revelator. January 6.Google Scholar
Plumwood, Val. 2000. “On Being Prey.” Utne Reader. July/August. www.utne.com/2000-07-01/being-prey.aspx.Google Scholar
Pollan, Michael. 2006. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Poole, Joyce, and Granli, P. 2008. “Mind and Movement: Meeting the Interests of Elephants.” In Forthman, D., Kane, L. L. F., and Waldau, P. (eds.). An Elephant in the Room: The Science and Well-Being of Elephants in Captivity. North Grafton, MA: Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine's Center for Animals and Public Policy.Google Scholar
Povinelli, D., Eddy, T., Hobson, R., and Tomasello, M. (1996). What Young Chimpanzees Know about Seeing. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. Vol. 61 No. 3.Google Scholar
Pozos, Robert S. 2003. “Nazi Hypothermia Research: Should the Data be Used?” In Beam, Thomas E. and Sparacino, Linette R. (eds.). Military Medical Ethics. Vol. 2. Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army.Google Scholar
Preece, Rod, and Chamberlain, Lorna. 1993. Animal Welfare and Human Values. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.Google Scholar
Premack, David, and Premack, Ann James. 1984. The Mind of an Ape. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Prince-Hughes, Dawn. 2004. Songs of the Gorilla Nation: My Journey through Autism. New York: Harmony Books.Google Scholar
Pruetz, J. 2007. “Chimps Make and Use ‘Spears’ to Hunt.” National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/02/070222-chimp-video.html.Google Scholar
Pruetz, J., and Bertolani, P. 2007. “Savanna Chimpanzees, Pan Troglodytes Verus, Hunt with Tools.” Current Biology. Vol. 17 No. 5: 412–17.Google Scholar
Redmond, D. Eugene Jr. 2008. “Translational Studies in Monkeys of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease.” 2008 Stem Cell Grants-in-Aid: Project Summaries and Updates.Google Scholar
Reese, Jennifer. 2009. “What I Learned When I Killed a Chicken: Nothing Especially Virtuous.” September 17. www.doublex.com/section/life/what-i-learned-when-i-killed-chicken.Google Scholar
Regan, Tom. n.d. “The Philosophy of Animal Rights.” www.cultureandanimals.org/pop1.html.Google Scholar
Regan, Tom. 1985. “The Case for Animal Rights.” In Singer, P. (ed.). In Defense of Animals. New York: Basil Blackwell: 13–26.Google Scholar
Regan, Tom. 2004. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Reiss, Diana, and Marino, Lori. 2001. “Mirror Self-Recognition in the Bottlenose Dolphin: A Case of Cognitive Convergence.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Vol. 98 No. 10: 5937–42.Google Scholar
Roach, John. 2007. “Chimps Use ‘Spears’ to Hunt Mammals, Study Says.” National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/02/070222-chimps-spears.html.Google Scholar
Rollins, Bernard E. 2006. “The Regulation of Animal Research and the Emergence of Animal Ethics: A Conceptual History.” Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics. Vol. 27 No. 4: 285–304.Google Scholar
Rolston, Holmes, III. 1988. Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Rolston, Holmes, III. 1994. Conserving Natural Value. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rose, Deborah Bird, van Dooren, Thom, and Chrulew, Matthew. 2017. Extinction Studies: Stories of Time, Death, and Generations. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rosen, Michael. 2012. Dignity: Its History and Meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Elizabeth. 2010. “To Help Jaguars Survive, Ease Their Commute.” New York Times. May 11.Google Scholar
Ross, S. R., Lukas, K. E., Lonsdorf, E. V., Stoinski, T. S., Hare, B., Shumaker, R., and Goodall, J. 2008. “Inappropriate Use and Portrayal of Chimpanzees.” Science. Vol. 319 No. 5869: 1487.Google Scholar
Roughgarden, Joan. 2013. Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Rudacille, Deborah. 2000. The Scalpel and the Butterfly: The War between Animal Research and Animal Protection. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.Google Scholar
Rumbaugh, Duane M. 1980. “Language Behavior of Apes.” In Sebok, Thomas A. and Umiker-Sebok, Jean (eds.). Speaking of Apes: A Critical Anthology of Two-Way Communication with Man. New York: Plenum Press: 231–59.Google Scholar
Russell, Geoff, Singer, Peter, and Brook, Barry. 2008. “The Real Climate Change Culprit Is Methane Gas from Cows and Sheep.” Melbourne Age. July 10.Google Scholar
Sanz, Crickette M., Schöning, Caspar, and Morgan, David B. 2009. “Chimpanzees Prey on Army Ants with Specialized Tool Set.” American Journal of Primatology. Vol. 71 No. 1: 1–8.Google Scholar
Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, Shanker, Stuart G., and Taylor, Talbot, J. 1998. Apes, Language and the Human Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, Albert. 1936. “The Ethics of Reverence for Life.” Christendom. Vol. 1: 225–39.Google Scholar
Schlottmann, Christopher, and Sebo, Jeff. 2018. Food, Animals, and the Environment. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sebo, Jeff, and Singer, Peter. 2018. “Activism.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.). Critical Terms for Animal Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Seibert, Charles. 2019. “Zoos Called It a ‘Rescue’ but Are the Elephants Really Better Off?” New York Times. July 9.Google Scholar
Sensen, Oliver. 2009. “Kant’s Conception of Human Dignity.” Kant-Studien. Vol. 100 No. 3: 309–31.Google Scholar
Shepherd, Katie. 2020. “‘The Food Supply Chain Is Breaking’: Tyson Foods Raises Coronavirus Alarm in Full-Page Ads, Defends Safety Efforts.” The Washington Post. April 27.Google Scholar
Siddle, Sheila. 2002. In My Family Tree: A Life with Chimpanzees. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Peter, and de Lazari-Radek, Katarzyna. 2014. The Point of View of the Universe. Oxford: Oxford University. Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Peter, and Mason, Jim. 2006. The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter. Emmans, PA: Rodale Press.Google Scholar
Slovic, Scott, and Slovic, Paul. 2015. “The Arithmetic of Compassion.” New York Times. December 4.Google Scholar
Smith, David Livingstone. 2021. Making Monsters: The Uncanny Power of Dehumanization. Cambridge: MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Gavin J. D., Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran, Bahl, Justin, Lycett, Samantha J., Worobey, Michael, Pybus, Oliver G., Ma, Siu Kit, Cheung, Chung Lam, Raghwani, Jayna, Bhatt, Samir, Peiris, J. S. Malik, , Guan, Yi, and Rambaut, Andrew. 2009. “Origins and Evolutionary Genomics of the 2009 Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza A Epidemic.” Nature. Vol. 459 No. 7248: 1122–25.Google Scholar
Smithfield Foods. 2009. Annual Report. http://investors.smithfieldfoods.com/annuals.cfm.Google Scholar
Sorabji, Richard. 1993. Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Spira, Henry. 1985. “Fighting to Win.” In Singer, Peter (ed.). In Defense of Animals. New York: Basil Blackwell: 194–208.Google Scholar
Stanescu, Vasile. 2014 “Crocodile Tears: Compassionate Carnivores and the Marketing of Happy Meat.” In Sorenson, J. (ed.) Critical Animal Studies. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.Google Scholar
Stanescu, James and Cummings, Kevin. 2016. The Ethics and Rhetoric of Invasion Ecology. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Steinfeld, Henning, Gerber, Pierre, Wassenaar, Tom, Castel, Vincent, Rosales, Mauricio, and de Hann, Cees. 2006. Livestock’s Long Shadow. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Stevens, Christine. 1998. “Historical Motivation for the Federal Animal Welfare Act.” In Michael Kreger, D’Anna Jensen, and Tim Allen (eds.). Animal Welfare Act: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/96symp/awasymp.htm.Google Scholar
Strier, Karen. 2010. The Challenge of Comparisons in Primatology. http://onthehuman.org/2010/02/the-challenge-of-comparisons-in-primatology.Google Scholar
Subak, Susan. 1999. “Global Environmental Costs of Beef Production.” Ecological Economics. Vol. 30 No. 1: 79–91.Google Scholar
Suda-King, Chikako. 2008. “Do Orangutans (Pongo Pygmaeus) Know When They Do Not Remember?” Animal Cognition. Vol. 11 No. 1: 21–42.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, Y., and Koman, Jeremy. 1979. “Tool-Using and -Making Behavior in Wild Chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea.” Primates. Vol. 20: 513–24.Google Scholar
Taiz, Daniel, Alkon, Andreas, Draguhn, Angus, Murphy, Michael, Blatt, Cris, Hawes, Gerhard, and Theil, David. 2019. “Plants Neither Possess nor Require Consciousness.” Trends in Plant Science Vol. 24 No. 8: 677–97.Google Scholar
Taylor, A., Hunt, G., Holzhaider, J., and Gray, R. 2007. “Spontaneous Metatool Use by New Caledonian Crows.” Current Biology. Vol. 17 No. 17: 1504–7.Google Scholar
Taylor, Katy, Gordon, Nicky, Langley, Gill, and Higgins, Wendy. 2008. “Estimates for Worldwide Laboratory Animal Use in 2005.” Alternative to Laboratory Animals. Vol. 36 No. 3: 327–42.Google Scholar
Taylor, Paul. 1986. Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. New Brunswick, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Sunaura. 2017. Beasts of Burden: Animal and Disability Liberation. New York: The New Press.Google Scholar
Teichman, Jenny. 1985. “The Definition of Person.” Philosophy. Vol. 60 No. 232: 175–85.Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S. 1983. “Apes Who ‘Talk’: Language or Projection of Language by Their Teachers?” In de Luce, Judith and Wilder, Hugh T. (eds.). Language in Primates: Perspectives and Implications. New York: Springer-Verlag: 22–39.Google Scholar
Terrace, H. S., Petitto, L. A., Sanders, R. J., and Bever, T. G. 1979. “Can an Ape Create a Sentence?” Science. Vol. 206 No. 4421: 891–902.Google Scholar
Thorpe, W. H. 1950. “The Definition of Some Terms Used in Animal Behaviour Studies.” Bulletin of Animal Behavior. Vol. 8: 34–50.Google Scholar
Tomasello, Michael, Call, Josep, and Hare, Brian. 2003. “Chimpanzees Understand Psychological States – The Question Is Which Ones and to What Extent.” Trends in Cognitive Sciences. Vol. 7 No. 4: 153–56.Google Scholar
Union of Concerned Scientists. 2008. “CAFOs Uncovered: The Untold Costs of Confined Animal Feeding Operations.” www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/impacts_industrial_agriculture/cafos-uncovered.html.Google Scholar
United States General Accounting Office. 2004. “Antibiotic Resistance: Federal Agencies Need to Better Focus Efforts to Address Risk to Humans from Antibiotic Use in Animals.” Report to Congressional Requesters. Nos. 4–490. www.gao.gov/new.items/d04490.pdf.Google Scholar
van Dooren, Thom. 2018. “Extinction.” In Gruen, Lori (ed.). Critical Terms for Animal Studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Van Minh, Tran. 2010. “Rare Rhino Shot, Horn Chopped, in Vietnam Preserve.” Associated Press. May 10. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=10602048.Google Scholar
Vié, Jean-Christophe, Hilton-Taylor, Craig, and Stuart, Simon N. (eds.). 2009. Wildlife in a Changing World: An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Gland: IUCN.Google Scholar
Vierck, C. J., Hansson, P. T., and Yezierski, R. P. 2008. “Clinical and Pre-clinical Pain Assessment: Are We Measuring the Same Thing?” Pain. Vol. 135 Nos. 1–2: 7–10.Google Scholar
de Waal, Frans B. M. 2000. “Primates – A Natural Heritage of Conflict Resolution.” Science. Vol. 289 No. 5479: 586–90.Google Scholar
Walsh, Bryan. 2009. “America’s Food Crisis and How to Fix It.” Time Magazine. August 20.Google Scholar
Warren, Samuel, and Brandeis, Louis. 1890. “The Right to Privacy.” Harvard Law Review. Vol. 4 No. 5.Google Scholar
Watson, Lyall 2004. The Whole Hog: Exploring the Extraordinary Potential of Pigs. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books.Google Scholar
Watson, Lori. 2019. “Philosophical Debates about Prostitution: State of the Question.” The Southern Journal of Philosophy. Vol 57 No. 2Google Scholar
Weir, A. A. S., Chappell, Jackie, and Kacelnik, Alex. 2002. “Shaping of Hooks in New Caledonian Crows.” Science. Vol. 297 No. 5583: 981.Google Scholar
Weisman, Irving. 2005. “Chimeras: Animal–Human Hybrids.” Interview with Tom Bearden. News Hour. August 16. www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/science/july-dec05/chimera_ 8-16.html.Google Scholar
Wemmer, Christen, and Christen, Catherine A. 2008. Elephants and Ethics: Toward a Morality of Coexistence. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Whiten, Andrew, and Byrne, Richard. 1988. “Tactical Deception in Primates.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Vol. 11 No. 2. June: 233–44.Google Scholar
Whiten, Andrew, Goodall, J., McGrew, W. C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C. E. G., Wrangham, R. W., and Boesch, C. 1999. “Cultures in Chimpanzees.” Nature. Vol. 399 No. 6737: 682–85.Google Scholar
Whiten, Andrew, Goodall, J., McGrew, W. C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C. E. G., Wrangham, R. W., and Boesch, C. 2001. “Charting Cultural Variation in Chimpanzees.” Behaviour. Vol. 138: 1481–516.Google Scholar
Whiten, Andrew, Spiteri, Antoine, Horner, Victoria, Bonnie, Kristin E., Lambeth, Susan P., Schapiro, Steven J., and de Waal, Frans B. M. 2007. “Transmission of Multiple Traditions within and between Chimpanzee Groups.” Current Biology. Vol. 17 No. 12: 1038–43.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen. 1998. “Kant on Duties Regarding Nonrational Nature.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary Vol. 72 No. 1: 189–210.Google Scholar
Woodruff, Guy, and Premack, David. 1978. “Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind?” Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Vol. 1 No. 4: 515–26.Google Scholar
Wuetrich, B. 2003. “Chasing the Fickle Swine Flu.” Science. Vol. 299 No. 5612: 1502–5.Google Scholar
Wyse, Maureen. 2006. “Behind the SHAC: A Turning Point in Activism.” Satya. December 2006–January 2007.Google Scholar
Zimmer, Carl. 2007. “A Radical Step to Preserve a Species: Assisted Migration.” New York Times. January 23.Google Scholar