Chapter three shows how various rationales shaped how risk was redistributed and responsibility was allocated in practice. At the heart of the accident insurance and workmen’s compensation laws lay concerns about moral hazard, sparking a long-running debate across Europe about the relative benefits of social security for different social classes, generations and branches of industry that would continue from the nineteenth century to the present. Would dangerous businesses take advantage of the system? Could workers be held accountable for their negligence or for fraudulent claims if they were insured in a no-fault compensation policy? And, should the state not only set the rules but also referee this game?