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14 - QCD and holography: finite temperature and density

from Part III - Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

Martin Ammon  and
Johanna Erdmenger
Martin Ammon
Affiliation:
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
Johanna Erdmenger
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich
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Summary

QCD at finite temperature and density

A crucial aspect of the strong interaction as decribed by QCD is the study of its properties at finite temperature and density. In the past decade, significant progress has been achieved towards understanding the phase structure of the strong interaction, both experimentally and theoretically. However, many questions, in particular about the detailed structure of the QCD phase diagram, remain open. To a large extent, this is due to the strong coupling nature of QCD in the relevant energy range.

Phase diagram of QCD

QCD has a very non-trivial phase diagram which is only partially understood both experimentally and theoretically. The picture which is generally believed to emerge is shown schematically in figure 14.1.

As a central feature of this diagram, it is generally expected that there is a deconfinement phase transition from bound states at low temperature and chemical potential to deconfined quarks and gluons at high temperature and chemical potential. The order of this phase transition, which is expected to end in a critical point, denoted by a black dot, is not clear at present. Only at very low μ it is known that there is merely a crossover from confinement to deconfinement when increasing the temperature. Moreover, experiments at the RHIC accelerator in Brookhaven, as well as more recently at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva, strongly suggest that the quark–gluon plasma observed at high temperatures is still a strongly coupled state of matter for which a hydrodynamical description is appropriate. At low temperatures, when increasing the chemical potential, a phase of dense nuclear matter such as found in neutron stars is reached. At very large chemical potential a colour-flavour locked (CFL) superconducting phase is expected, in which colour and flavour degrees of freedom are coupled to each other.

Quark–gluon plasma

The quark–gluon plasma is a new state of matter which has been studied experimentally in heavy ion collisions at the RHIC accelerator in Brookhaven and more recently at the LHC at CERN.

Type
Chapter
Information
Gauge/Gravity Duality
Foundations and Applications
 , pp. 435 - 459
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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