Abbott, F. F., and Johnson, A.Ch. (1968) Municipal administration in the Roman empire, New York (reprint).Google Scholar

Abel, W. (1974) Massenarmut und Hungerkrisen im vorindustriellen Europa, Hamburg.Google Scholar

Alcock, S. E. (1993) Graecia capta. The landscapes of Roman Greece, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Alcock, S. E.et al. (1994) ‘Intensive survey, agricultural practice and the classical landscape in Greece’, in Morris, I. (ed.), Classical Greece. Ancient histories and modern archaeologies, Cambridge, 137–70.Google Scholar

Alderman, H., and D. E. Sahn (1989) ‘Understanding the seasonality of employment, wages and income’, in Sahn, D. E. (ed.), Seasonal variability in Third World agriculture. The consequences for food security, Baltimore, 81–106.Google Scholar

Aldrete, G. S., and D. J. Mattingly (1999) ‘Feeding the city. The organization, operation and scale of the supply system for Rome’, in Potter, D. S. and Mattingly, D. J. (eds.), Life, death and entertainment in the Roman Empire, Ann Arbor, 171–204.Google Scholar

Alföldy, G. (1984) Römische Sozialgeschichte, Wiesbaden.Google Scholar

Allen, R. C. (2000) ‘Economic structure and agricultural productivity in Europe, 1300–1800’, European Review of Economic History 4: 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Alston, R. (1998) ‘Trade and the city in Roman Egypt’, in Parkins, H. and Smith, C. (eds.), Trade, traders and the ancient city, London, 168–202.Google Scholar

Alston, R.(2002) The city in Roman and Byzantine Egypt, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Amouretti, M.-C. (1999) ‘Urban and rural diets in Greece’, in Flandrin, J.-L. and Montanari, M. (eds.), Food. A culinary history from antiquity to the present,New York, 79–89.Google Scholar

Andreau, J. (1999) Banking and business in the Roman world, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Arndt, C., Schiller, R. and Tarp, F. (2001) ‘Grain transport and rural credit in Mozambique. Solving the space-time problem’, Agricultural Economics 25: 59–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arthur, P. (1991a) ‘Territories, wine and wealth. Suessa Aurunca, Sinuessa, Minturnae and the ager Falernus’, in Barker, G. and Lloyd, J. (eds.), Roman landscapes. Archaeological survey in the Mediterranean region, London, 153–9.Google Scholar

Arthur, P.(1991b) Romans in northern Campania, London.Google Scholar

Aubert, J.-J. (1994) Business managers in ancient Rome. A social and economic study of institores, 200 BC–AD 250, Leiden.Google Scholar

Austin, M. M., and Vidal-Naquet, P. (1997) Economic and social history of ancient Greece. An introduction, London.Google Scholar

Badian, E. (1972) Publicans and sinners. Private enterprise in the service of the Roman republic, Oxford.Google Scholar

Bagnall, R. S. (1977) ‘Prices in “sales on delivery”’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 18: 85–96.Google Scholar

Bagnall, R. S.(1985) ‘Agricultural productivity and taxation in later Roman Egypt’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 115: 289–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bagnall, R. S.(1992) ‘Landholding in late Roman Egypt. The distribution of wealth’, Journal of Roman Studies 82: 128–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bagnall, R. S.(1997) The Kellis Agricultural Account Book (P.Kell. IV Gr. 96), with contribution from C. A. Hope [et al.], Oxford.Google Scholar

Bagnall, R. S.(2000) ‘Governmental roles in the economy of late antiquity’, in Cascio, E. Lo and Rathbone, D. W. (eds.), Production and public powers in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 86–91.Google Scholar

Bagnall, R. S., and Frier, B. W. (1994) The demography of Roman Egypt, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Banaji, J. (2001) Agrarian change in late antiquity. Gold, labour, and aristocratic dominance, Oxford.Google Scholar

Barbagli, M. (1991) ‘Three household formation systems in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Italy’, in Kertzer, D. I. and Suller, R. P. (eds.), The family in Italy from antiquity to the present, New Haven, 250–70.Google Scholar

Barbagli, M., and Kertzer, D. (1990) ‘An introduction to the history of Italian family life’, Journal of Family History 15: 369–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barker, G. (1985) ‘Landscape archaeology in Italy’, in Malone, C. and Stoddart, S. (eds.), Papers in Italian archaeology IV, Oxford, 1–19.Google Scholar

Barker, G., and A. Grant (eds.) (1991) ‘Ancient and modern pastoralism in central Italy. An interdisciplinary study in the Cicolano mountains’, Papers of the British School at Rome 49: 15–88.CrossRef

Barnish, S. J. B. (1987) ‘Pigs, plebeians and potentes. Rome's economic hinterland, c. 350–600 ad’, Papers of the British School at Rome 42: 157–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barrow, R. H. (1973) transl., introd. and notes, Prefect and emperor. The Relationes of Symmachus, AD 384, Oxford.Google Scholar

Belfanti, C. M. (1993) ‘Rural manufactures and rural proto-industries in the “Italy of the cities” from the sixteenth through the eighteenth century’, Continuity and change 8: 253–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bell III, M. (1994) ‘An imperial flour mill on the Janiculum’, in Le Ravitaillement en blé de Rome et des centres urbains des débuts de la République jusqu'au Haut Empire. Actes du colloque international de Naples (1991), Naples, 73–89.CrossRef

Ben-David, A. (1974) Talmudische Ökonomie. Die Wirtschaft des jüdischen Palästina zur Zeit der Mischna und des Talmud, Bd. 1, Hildesheim.Google Scholar

Benigno, F. (1989) ‘The southern Italian family in the early modern period. A discussion of co-residential patterns’, Continuity and change 4: 165–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benirschka, M., and Binkley, J. K. (1995) ‘Optimal storage and marketing over space and time’, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77: 512–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berchem, D. (1939) Les Distributions de blé et d'argent à la plèbe romaine sous l'empire, Geneva.Google Scholar

Bergqvist, S. (1993) ‘Consideration on yields. The distribution of crops and the size of estates. Three Roman agricultural units’, Classica et medievalia 43: 111–39.Google Scholar

Berkner, L. K. (1972) ‘The stem family and the developmental cycle of the peasant household. An eighteenth-century Austrian example’, American Historical Review 77: 398–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berve, H. (1959) König Hieron II, Munich.Google Scholar

Bintliff, J. (2002) ‘Going to market in antiquity’, in Olshausen, E. and Sonnabend, H. (eds.), Zu Wasser und zu Land. Verkehrswege in der antiken Welt, Stuttgart, 209–50.Google Scholar

Bleichen, J. (1988) Die athenische Demokratie, Paderborn.Google Scholar

Blois, L. de, H. W. Pleket and J. Rich (2002) ‘Introduction’, in Blois, L. and Rich, J. (eds.), The transformation of economic life under the Roman Empire, Amsterdam, ix–xx.Google Scholar

Boatwright, M. R. (2000) Hadrian and the cities of the Roman empire, Princeton.Google Scholar

Bowman, A. K. (1986) Egypt after the Pharaohs, 332 BC–AD 642. From Alexander to the Arab conquest, London.Google Scholar

Bradley, K. R. (2000) ‘Fictive families. Family and household in the Metamorphoses of Apuleius’, Phoenix 54: 282–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Braudel, F. (1966) The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Vol. 1, New York.Google Scholar

Braudel, F.(1982) The wheels of commerce, London.Google Scholar

Braudel, F.(1990) The identity of France, Vol. 2, People and production, New York.Google Scholar

Brenner, R. (1977) ‘The origins of capitalist development. A critique of Neo-Smithian Marxism’, New Left Review 104: 25–92.Google Scholar

Brettell, C. B. (1991) ‘Property, kinship and gender. A Mediterranean perspective’, in Kertzer, D. I. and Saller, R. P. (eds.), The family in Italy from antiquity to the present, s. l., 340–53.Google Scholar

Bringmann, K. (2001) ‘Grain, timber and money. Hellenistic kings, finance, buildings and foundations in Greek cities’, in Archibald, Z.et al. (eds.), Hellenistic economies, London, 205–14.Google Scholar

Brodersen, K., , W. Günther and Schmitt, H. H. (1999) Historische griechische Inschriften in Übersetzung, Bd. III, Der griechische Osten und Rom (250–1 v.Chr.), Darmstadt.Google Scholar

Broshi, M. (1992) ‘Agriculture and economy in Roman Palestine. Seven notes on the Babatha Archive’, Israel Exploration Journal 42: 230–40.Google Scholar

Brunt, P. A. (1966) ‘The Roman mob’, Past and Present 35: 3–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brunt, P. A.(1971) Italian manpower, 225 BC–AD 14, Oxford.Google Scholar

Brunt, P. A.(1990) ‘Publicans in the principate’, in Brunt, P. A. (ed.), Roman imperial themes, Oxford, 354–432.Google Scholar

Buck, R. J. (1983) Agriculture and agricultural practice in Roman law, Wiesbaden.Google Scholar

Bullard, M. M. (1982) ‘Grain supply and urban unrest in Renaissance Rome. The crisis of 1533–4’, in Ramsey, P. A. (ed.), Rome in the Renaissance. The city and the myth, Binghamton, 279–92.Google Scholar

Burgess, R. W. (1998) ‘Overlooked evidence for grain prices in Antioch, ad 333’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 120: 295–8.Google Scholar

Burke, P. (1985) ‘Southern Italy in the 1590s. Hard times or crisis?’, in Clark, P. (ed.), The European crisis of the 1590s. Essays in comparative history, London, 177–90.Google Scholar

Cahn, K. S. (1969) ‘The Roman and Frankish roots of the just price of medieval canon law’, Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 6: 3–52.Google Scholar

Caiati, V. (1984) ‘The peasant household under Tuscan mezzadria. A socioeconomic analysis of some Sienese mezzadri households, 1591–1640’, Journal of Family History 9: 111–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, B. (2000) The writings of the Roman land surveyors, London.Google Scholar

Carney, T. F. (1971) ‘The emperor Claudius and the grain trade’, in Pro munera grates. Studies presented to H. L. Gonin, Pretoria, 39–57.

Casey, J. (1985) ‘Spain: a failed transition’, in Clark, P. (ed.), The European crisis of the 1590s. Essays in comparative history, London, 209–28.Google Scholar

Casson, L. (1965) ‘Harbour and river boats of ancient Rome’, Journal of Roman Studies 55: 31–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Casson, L.(1971) Ships and seamanship in the ancient world, Princeton.Google Scholar

Casson, L.(1978) ‘Unemployment, the building trade and Suetonius, Vesp. 18’, Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 15: 43–51.Google Scholar

Casson, L.(1980) ‘The role of the state in Rome's grain trade’, in D'Arms, J. H. and Kopff, E. C. (eds.), The seaborne commerce of ancient Rome, Rome, 21–33.Google Scholar

Casson, L.(1984) ‘The grain trade of the hellenistic world’, in Ancient trade and society, Detroit, 70–95.

Chartres, J. A. (1985) ‘The marketing of agricultural produce’, in Thirsk, J. (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, 1640–1750, Vol. V, London, 406–502.Google Scholar

Chayanov, A. V. (1966) The theory of peasant economy, ed. D. Thorner et al., Manchester.Google Scholar

Cherry, D. (1993) ‘Hunger at Rome in the late republic’, Echos du monde classique/Class. views 37: 433–50.Google Scholar

Chevet, J. M. (1996) ‘National and regional corn markets in France from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century’, Journal of European Economic History 25: 681–703.Google Scholar

Cipolla, C. M. (1981 2) Before the industrial revolution. European society and economy, 1000–1700, London.Google Scholar

Clemente, G. (1988) ‘Sicily and Rome. The impact of empire on a Roman province’, in Yuge, T. and Doi, M. (eds.), Forms of control and subordination in antiquity, Leiden, 105–20.Google Scholar

Corbier, M. (1999) ‘The broad bean and the moray. Social hierarchies and food in Rome’, in Flandrin, J.-L. (ed.), Food. A culinary history from antiquity to the present, New York, 128–40.Google Scholar

Cornell, T. J. (1995) The beginnings of Rome. Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264 BC), London.Google Scholar

Cortonesi, A. (1999) ‘Self-sufficiency and the market. Rural and urban diet in the Middle Ages’, in Flandrin, J.-L. and Montanari, M. (eds.), Food. A culinary history from antiquity to the present, New York, 268–74.Google Scholar

Crawford, D. (1973) ‘Garlic-growing and agricultural specialization in Graeco-Roman Egypt’, Chronique d'Egypte 48: 350–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawford, M. H. (1970) ‘Money and exchange in the Roman world’, Journal of Roman Studies 60: 40–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawford, M. H., and Reynolds, J. (1975) ‘The publication of the prices-edict. A new inscription of Aezani’, Journal of Roman Studies 65: 160–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dardaine, S., and d'Escurac, H. Pavis (1986) ‘Ravitaillement des cités et évergétisme annonaire dans les provinces occidentales sous le Haut-Empire’, Ktema 11: 291–302.Google Scholar

D'Arms, J. H. (1981) Commerce and social standing in ancient Rome, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davies, J. K. (1984) ‘Cultural, social and economic features of the Hellenistic world’, Cambridge Ancient History, VIII, Cambridge, 257–320.Google Scholar

Davies, T. (1983) ‘Changes in the structure of the wheat trade in seventeenth-century Sicily and the building of new villages’, Journal of European Economic History 12: 371–405.Google Scholar

Angelis, De F. (2000) ‘Estimating the agricultural base of Greek Sicily’, Papers of the British School at Rome 68: 111–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Desideri, P. (2000) ‘City and country in Dio’, in Swain, S. (ed.), Dio Chrysostom. Politics, letters and philosophy, Oxford, 93–107.Google Scholar

Desportes, F. (1999) ‘Food trades’, in Flandrin, J.-L. and Montanari, M. (eds.), Food. A culinary history from antiquity to the present, New York, 275–86.Google Scholar

Dirscherl, H.-C. (1999) ‘Die sitonia von Oxyrhynchos. Menge, Kosten, Finanzierung, ökonomische Bedeutung und Dauer’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 18: 57–90.Google Scholar

Dirscherl, H.-C. (2000) ‘Die Verteilung von kostenlosem Getreide in der Antike vom 5. Jh. v. Chr. bis zum Ende des 3 Jhs. n. Chr.’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 19: 1–33.Google Scholar

Drexhage, H.-J. (1982) ‘Beitrag zum Binnenhandel im römischen Ägypten aufgrund der Torzollquittungen und Zollhausabrechnungen des Fajum’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 1: 61–83.Google Scholar

Drexhage, H.-J.(1991) Preise, Mieten/Pachten, Kosten und Löhne im römischen Ägypten bis zum Regierungsantritt Diokletians. Vorarbeiten zu einer Wirtschaftsgeschichte des römischen Ägyptens, St. Katharinen.Google Scholar

Duncan-Jones, R. (1976) ‘The price of wheat in Roman Egypt under the principate’, Chiron 6: 241–62.Google Scholar

Duncan-Jones, R.(1982) The economy of the Roman empire. Quantitative studies, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Duncan-Jones, R.(1990) Structure and scale in the Roman economy, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Duncan-Jones, R.(1994) Money and government in the Roman Empire, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Duncan-Jones, R.(1997) ‘Numerical distortion in Roman writers’, in Économie antique. Prix et formation des prix dans les économies antiques, Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, 147–59.

Dyer, C. (1989) ‘The consumer and the market in the later Middle Ages’, Economic History Review 42: 305–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dyson, S. L. (1992) Community and society in Roman Italy, Baltimore.Google Scholar

Eck, W. (1979) Die staatliche Organisation Italiens in der hohen Kaiserzeit, Munich.Google Scholar

Eck, W., and Heinrichs, J. (1993) (Textauswahl und Übers.), Sklaven und Freigelassene in der Gesellschaft der römischen Kaiserzeit, Darmstadt.Google Scholar

Eckstein, A. M. (1980) ‘Unicum subsidium populi Romani. Hiero II and Rome, 263 bc–215 bc’, Chiron 10: 183–204.Google Scholar

Ejrnaes, M., and Persson, K. G. (1999) ‘Grain storage in early modern Europe’, Journal of Economic History 59: 762–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ellis, F. (1988) Peasant economics. Farm households and agrarian development, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Ellsworth, L., and K. Shapiro (1989) ‘Seasonality in Burkina Faso grain marketing. Farmer strategies and government policy’, in Sahn, D. E. (ed.), Seasonal variability in Third World agriculture. The consequences for food security, Baltimore, 196–205.Google Scholar

Emigh, R. J. (2000) ‘The gender division of labour. The case of Tuscan smallholders’, Continuity and change 15: 117–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Engels, J. (2000) ‘Das athenische Getreidesteuer-Gesetz des Agyrrhios und angebliche “sozialstaatliche” Ziele in den Massnahmen zur Getreideversorgung spätklassischer und hellenistischer Poleis’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 132: 97–124.Google Scholar

Epstein, S. R. (1992) An island for itself. Economic development and social change in late medieval Sicily, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, S. R.(1993) ‘Town and country. Economy and institutions in late medieval Italy’, Economic History Review 46: 453–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, S. R.(1994) ‘Regional fairs, institutional innovation, and economic growth in late medieval Europe’, Economic History Review 47: 459–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Epstein, S. R.(1998) ‘The peasantries of Italy, 1350–1750’, in Scott, T. (ed.), The peasantries of Europe from the 14th to the 18th centuries, London, 75–108.Google Scholar

Erdkamp, P. (1998) Hunger and the sword. Warfare and food supply in Roman republican wars, 264–30 BC, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Erdkamp, P.(1999) ‘Agriculture, underemployment and the cost of rural labour in the Roman world’, Classical Quarterly 49: 556–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erdkamp, P.(2000) ‘Feeding Rome or feeding Mars? A long-term approach to C. Gracchus' lex frumentaria’, Ancient Society 30: 53–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Erdkamp, P.(2001) ‘Beyond the limits of the consumer city. A model of the urban and rural economy in the Roman world’, Historia 50: 332–56.Google Scholar

Erdkamp, P.(2002a) ‘The corn supply of the Roman armies during the Principate (27 bc–235 ad)’, in Erdkamp, P. (ed.), The Roman army and the economy, Amsterdam, 47–69.Google Scholar

Erdkamp, P.(2002b) ‘A starving mob has no respect. Urban markets and food riots in the Roman world, 100 BC–400 AD’, in Blois, L. and Rich, J. (eds.), The transformation of economic life under the Roman Empire, Amsterdam, 93–115.Google Scholar

Evans, J. K. (1980) ‘Plebs rustica. The peasantry of classical Italy’, American Journal of Ancient History 5: 19–47, 134–73.Google Scholar

Evans, J. K.(1981) ‘Wheat production and its social consequences in the Roman world’, Classical Quarterly 31: 428–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans, J. K.(1991) War, women and children in ancient Rome, New York.Google Scholar

Faroqhi, S. (1990) ‘Towns, agriculture and the state in sixteenth-century Ottoman Anatolia’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 33: 125–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Farr, J. R. (2000) Artisans in Europe, 1300–1914, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Fellmeth, U. (1998) ‘Hungersnöte in den Städten des römischen Kaiserreiches. Ursachen, soziale und politische Konsequenzen, staatliche Massnahmen’, in Olshausen, E. and Sonnabend, H. (eds.), Naturkatastrophen in der antiken Welt, Stuttgart, 307–15.Google Scholar

Fenoaltea, S. (1976) ‘Risk, transaction costs and the organization of medieval agriculture’, Explorations in Economic History 13: 129–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Figueira, T. (1986) ‘Sitopolai and sitophylakes in Lysias' “Against the grain dealers”. Governmental intervention in the Athenian economy’, Phoenix 40: 149–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finley, M. I. (1979 2) Ancient Sicily, London.Google Scholar

Finley, M. I.(1985) The ancient economy, London.Google Scholar

Flach, D. (1978) ‘Inschriftenuntersuchungen zum römischen Kolonat in Nordafrika’, Chiron 8: 441–92.Google Scholar

Flach, D.(1982) ‘Die Pachtbedingungen der Kolonen und die Verwaltung der kaiserlichen Güter in Nordafrika’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II 10,2, Berlin, 427–73.Google Scholar

Flach, D.(1996–2002) Marcus Terentius Varro, Gespräche über die Landwirtschaft, 3 vols., Darmstadt.Google Scholar

Flint-Hamilton, K. B. (1999) ‘Legumes in ancient Greece and Rome. Food, medicine, or poison?’, Hesperia 68: 371–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flinterman, J.-J. (1995) Power, paideia and pythagoreanism. Greek identity, conceptions of the relationship between philosophers and monarchs and political ideas in Philostratus'Life of Apollonius, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Forbes, H. (1989) ‘Of grandfathers and grand theories. The hierarchised ordering of responses to hazard in a Greek rural community’, in Halstead, P. and O'Shea, J. (eds.), Bad year economics. Cultural responses to risk and uncertainty, Cambridge, 87–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Forbes, H., and L. Foxhall (1995) ‘Ethnoarchaeology and storage in the ancient Mediterranean. Beyond risk and survival’, in Wilkins, J.et al. (eds.), Food in antiquity, Exeter, 69–86.Google Scholar

Foster, B. R. (1970) ‘Agoranomos and muhtasib’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 13: 128–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foxhall, L. (1990) ‘The dependent tenant. Land leasing and labour in Italy and Greece’, Journal of Roman Studies 80: 97–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foxhall, L., and Forbes, H. A. (1982) ‘Sitometreia. The role of grain as a staple food in classical antiquity’, Chiron 12: 41–90.Google Scholar

Frayn, J. M. (1979) Subsistence farming in Roman Italy, Fontwell.Google Scholar

Frayn, J. M.(1984) Sheep-rearing and the wool trade in Italy during the Roman period, Liverpool.Google Scholar

Frayn, J. M.(1993) Markets and fairs in Roman Italy, Oxford.Google Scholar

Freis, H. (1994) Historische Inschriften zur römischen Kaiserzeit. Von Augustus bis Konstantin, Darmstadt.Google Scholar

Freyberg, H.-U. (1989) Kapitalverkehr und Handel im römischen Kaiserreich (27 v. Chr.–235 n. Chr.), Freiburg.Google Scholar

Frier, B. W. (1979) ‘Law, technology, and social change. The equipping of Italian farm tenancies’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 96: 204–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Frier, B. W.(1989–90) ‘Law, economics, and disasters down on the farm. Remissio mercedis revisited’, Bullettino dell'Istituto di Diritto Romano 31–2: 237–70.Google Scholar

Fulford, M. (1987) ‘Economic interdependence among urban communities of the Roman Mediterranean’, World Archaeology 19: 55–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gallant, T. W. (1991) Risk and survival in ancient Greece. Reconstructing the rural domestic economy, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Galsterer, H. (1990) ‘Plebiculam pascere. Die Versorgung Roms in der Kaiserzeit’, Critica Storica 27: 21–40.Google Scholar

Gargola, D. J. (1992) ‘Grain distribution and the revenue of the temple of Hera on Samos’, Phoenix 46: 12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A. (1976) ‘Peasants in ancient Roman society’, Journal of Peasant Studies 3: 221–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1980a) ‘Introduction’, in Garnsey, P. (ed.), Non-slave labour in the Greco-Roman world, Cambridge, 1–5.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1980b) ‘Non-slave labour in the Roman world’, in Garnsey, P. (ed.), Non-slave labour in the Greco-Roman world, Cambridge, 34–47.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1988) Famine and food supply in the Graeco-Roman world, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1991) ‘Mass diet and nutrition in the city of Rome’, in Giovannini, A. (ed.), Nourrir la plèbe, Basle, 67–101.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1992) ‘Yields of the land’, in Wells, B. (ed.), Agriculture in Greece, Stockholm, 147–53.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1998) ‘The bean. Substance and symbol’, in Garnsey, P. (ed.), Cities, peasants and food in classical antiquity. Essays in social and economic history, Cambridge, 214–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(1999) Food and society in classical antiquity, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A.(2002) ‘The land’, in Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XI, Cambridge, 679–709.

Garnsey, P. D. A., and Rathbone, D. (1985) ‘The background to the grain law of Gaius Gracchus’, Journal of Roman Studies 75: 20–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A., and Saller, R. (1987) The Roman empire. Economy, society and culture, London.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A., and I. Morris (1989) ‘Risk and the polis. The evolution of institutionalised responses to food supply problems in the ancient Greek state’, in Halstead, P. and O'Shea, J. (eds.), Bad year economics. Cultural responses to risk and uncertainty, Cambridge, 98–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A., and G. Woolf (1989) ‘Patronage of the rural world in the Roman world’, in Wallace-Hadrill, A. (ed.), Patronage in ancient society, London, 153–70.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A., and Nijf, O. (1998) ‘Contrôle des prix du grain à Rome et dans les cités de l'empire’, in La Mémoire perdue. Recherches sur l'administration romaine, Rome, 303–15.Google Scholar

Garnsey, P. D. A. and C. R. Whittaker (1998) ‘Trade, industry and the urban economy’, Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XIII, Cambridge, 312–37.Google Scholar

Gelsdorf, F. (1994) ‘Antike Schiffahrtsrouten im Mittelmeer’, in Salies, G. Hellenkemper (ed.), Das Wrack. Der antike Schiffsfund von Mahdia, Cologne, 751–8.Google Scholar

Gelzer, M. (1969) Cicero. Ein biographischer Versuch, Wiesbaden.Google Scholar

Gibbins, D. (2001) ‘Shipwrecks and Hellenistic trade’, in Archibald, Z. H.et al. (eds.), Hellenistic economies, London, 273–312.Google Scholar

Grantham, G. W. (1993) ‘Division of labour. Agricultural productivity and occupational specialization in pre-industrial France’, Economic History Review 46: 478–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grassl, H. (1982) Sozialökonomische Vorstellungen in der kaiserzeitlichen griechischen Literatur (1.–3. Jh. n.Chr.), Wiesbaden.Google Scholar

Greene, K. (2000) ‘Technical innovation and economic progress in the ancient world. M. I. Finley re-considered’, Economic History Review 53: 29–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gualtieri, M. (1993) ‘The community at Roccagloriosa. Interpretations and hypotheses’, in Gualtieri, M. (ed.), Fourth century BC Magna Graecia. A case study, Jonsered, 325–45.Google Scholar

Habermann, W. (1982) ‘Ostia – Getreidehafen Roms’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 1: 35–60.Google Scholar

Hahn, I. (1983) ‘Foreign trade and foreign policy in archaic Greece’, in Garnsey, P. and Whittaker, C. R. (eds.), Trade and famine in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 30–6.Google Scholar

Halstead, P. (1987) ‘Traditional and ancient rural economy in Mediterranean Europe. Plus ça change?’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 107: 77–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Halstead, P.(1989) ‘The economy has a normal surplus. Economic stability and social change among early farming communities of Thessaly, Greece’, in Halstead, P. and O'Shea, J. (eds.), Bad year economics. Cultural responses to risk and uncertainty, Cambridge, 68–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Halstead, P., and Jones, G. (1989) ‘Agrarian ecology in the Greek islands. Time stress, scale and risk’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 109: 41–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hamel, G. (1990) Poverty and charity in Roman Palestine, first centuries CE, Berkeley.Google Scholar

Harris, E. M. (1999) ‘Notes on the new grain-tax law’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 128: 269–72.Google Scholar

Harris, V. M. (2000) ‘Trade’, in Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XI, Cambridge, 710–40.CrossRef

Heinze, R. (1960) ‘Das Kräuterkäsgericht (Moretum)’, in Burck, E. (ed.), Vom Geist des Römtertums. Ausgewählte Aufsätze, Darmstadt, 404ff.Google Scholar

Herz, P. (1988) Studien zur römischen Wirtschaftsgesetzgebung. Die Lebensmittelversorgung, Stuttgart.Google Scholar

Herz, P.(1991) ‘Organisation und Finanzierung der spätantiken annona’, in Giovannini, A. (ed.), Nourrir la plèbe, Basle, 161–88.Google Scholar

Hitchner, R. B. (1993) ‘Olive production and the Roman economy. The case for intensive growth in the Roman Empire’, in Amouretti, M.-C. and Brun, J.-P. (eds.), La Production du vin et de l'huile en Méditerranée/Oil and wine production in the Mediterranean area, Athens/Paris, 499–508.Google Scholar

Hodges, R. (1988) Primitive and peasant markets, Oxford.Google Scholar

Hodkinson, S. (1988) ‘Animal husbandry in the Greek polis’, in Whittaker, C. R. (ed.), Pastoral economies in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 35–74.Google Scholar

Höbenreich, E. (1997) Annona. Juristische Aspekte der stadtrömischen Lebensmittelversorgung im Prinzipat, Graz.Google Scholar

Höckmann, O. (1985) Antike Seefahrt, Munich.Google Scholar

Hollerich, M. J. (1982) ‘The Alexandrian bishops and the grain trade. Ecclesiastical commerce in Late Roman Egypt’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 25: 187–207.Google Scholar

Hopkins, K. (1978) ‘Economic growth and towns in classical antiquity’, in Abrams, P. and Wrigley, E. A. (eds.), Towns in societies, Cambridge, 35–77.Google Scholar

Hopkins, K.(1980) ‘Taxes and trade in the Roman empire (200 bc–ad 400)’, Journal of Roman Studies 70: 101–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hopkins, K.(1983) ‘Models, ships and staples’, in Garnsey, P. and Whittaker, C. R. (eds.), Trade and famine in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 84–109.Google Scholar

Hopkins, K.(2000) ‘Rents, taxes, trade and the city of Rome’, in Cascio, E. Lo (ed.), Mercati permanenti e mercati periodici nel mondo Romano, Bari, 253–67.Google Scholar

Horden, P., and Purcell, N. (2000) The corrupting sea. A study of Mediterranean history, Oxford.Google Scholar

Houston, G. W. (1988) ‘Ports in perspective. Some comparative materials on Roman merchant ships and ports’, American Journal of Archaeology 92: 553–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howgego, C. (1992) ‘The supply and use of money in the Roman world’, Journal of Roman Studies 82: 1–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hufton, O. (1985) ‘Social conflict and the grain supply in eighteenth-century France’, in Rotberg, R. I. and Rabb, T. K. (eds.), Hunger and history. The impact of changing food production and consumption patterns on society, Cambridge, 105–33.Google Scholar

Husselman, E. M. (1952) ‘The granaries of Karanis’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 83: 56–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hybel, N. (2002) ‘The grain trade in northern Europe before 1350’, Economic History Review 55: 219–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Isager, S., and Skydsgaard, J. E. (1992) Ancient Greek agriculture. An introduction, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jacobsen, G. (1995) Primitiver Austausch oder freier Markt? Untersuchungen zum Handel in den gallisch-germanischen Provinzen während der römischen Kaiserzeit, St. Katharinen.Google Scholar

Jameson, M. (1983) ‘Famine in the Greek world’, in Garnsey, P. and Whittaker, C. R. (eds.), Trade and famine in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 6–16.Google Scholar

Jameson, M.(1988) ‘Sacrifice and animal husbandry in classical Greece’, in Whittaker, C. R. (ed.), Pastoral economies in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 87–119.Google Scholar

Jördens, A. (1999) ‘Die Agrarverhältnisse im spätantiken Ägypten’, Laverna 10: 114–52.Google Scholar

Jones, A. H. M. (1964) The Later Roman Empire, 284–602. A social, economic and administrative survey, Oxford.Google Scholar

Jones, A. H. M.(1974a) ‘The economic life of the towns of the Roman Empire’, in The Roman economy. Studies in ancient economic and administrative history, Oxford, 35–60.Google Scholar

Jones, A. H. M.(1974b) ‘Taxation in antiquity’, ibid. 151–86.

Jones, A. H. M.(1974c) ‘The cloth industry under the Roman empire’, ibid. 350–64.

Jones, C. P. (1978) The Roman world of Dio Chrysostom, Cambridge MA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jongman, W. (1988) The economy and society of Pompeii, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Jongman, W.(2000a) ‘Wool and the textile industry of Roman Italy. A working hypothesis’, in Cascio, E. Lo (ed.), Mercati permanenti e mercati periodici nel mondo Romano, Bari, 187–97.Google Scholar

Jongman, W.(2000b) ‘Hunger and power. Theories, models and methods in Roman economic history’, in Bongenaar, A. C. V. M. (ed.), Interdependency of institutions and private entrepreneurs, Istanbul, 259–84.Google Scholar

Jongman, W.(2002) ‘Beneficial symbols, alimenta and the infantilization of the Roman citizen’, in Jongman, W. and Kleijwegt, M. (eds.), After the past. Essays in ancient history in honour of H. W. Pleket, Leiden, 47–80.Google Scholar

Jongman, W.(2003) ‘Slavery and the growth of Rome. The transformation of Italy in the first and second centuries BCE’, in Edwards, C. and Woolf, G. (eds.), Rome the cosmopolis, Cambridge, 100–22.Google Scholar

Jongman, W., and R. Dekker (1989) ‘Public intervention in the food supply in pre-industrial Europe’, in Halstead, P. and O'Shea, J. (eds.), Bad year economics. Cultural responses to risk and uncertainty, Cambridge, 114–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keen, A. G. (1993) ‘Grain for Athens. Notes on the importance of the Hellespontine route in Athenian foreign policy before the Peloponnesian War’, Electronic Antiquity 1.Google Scholar

Kehoe, D. P. (1988) ‘Allocation of risk and investment on the estates of Pliny the Younger’, Chiron 18: 15–42.Google Scholar

Kehoe, D. P.(1989) ‘Approaches to economic problems in the “Letters” of Pliny the Younger. The question of risk in agriculture’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II 33.1, Berlin, 555–90.Google Scholar

Kehoe, D. P.(1997) Investment, profit, and tenancy. The jurists and the Roman agrarian economy, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar

Kertzer, D. I., and Brettell, C. (1987) ‘Advances in Italian and Iberian family history’, Journal of Family History 12: 87–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kissel, Th.K. (1995) Untersuchungen zur Logistik des römischen Heeres in den Provinzen des griechischen Ostens (27 v.Chr. – 235 n. Chr.), St. Katharinen.Google Scholar

Kloft, H. (1988) ‘Das Problem der Getreideversorgung in den antiken Städten. Das Beispiel Oxyrhyncos’, in Kloft, H. (ed.), Sozialmassnahmen und Fürsorge. Zur Eigenart antiker Sozialpolitik, Horn, 123–54.Google Scholar

Kneissl, P. (1983) ‘Mercator – negotiator. Römische Geschäftsleute und die Terminologie ihrer Berufe’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 2: 73–90.Google Scholar

Knotter, A. (1994) ‘Problems of the family economy. Peasant economy, domestic production and labour markets in pre-industrial Europe’, Economic and Social History in the Netherlands 6: 19–59.Google Scholar

Kobes, J. (1999) ‘Fremdes Getreide. Beobachtungen zum Problem der Getreideversorgung in der kaiserzeitlichen Provinz Asia’, Laverna 10: 81–98.Google Scholar

Körner, C. (2002) Philippus Arabs. Ein Soldatenkaiser in der Tradition des antoninisch-severischen Prinzipats, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kohns, H. P. (1961) Versorgungskrisen und Hungerrevolten im spätantiken Rom, Bonn.Google Scholar

Kohns, H. P.(1988) ‘Hungersnot und Hungerbewältigung in der Antike’, in Kloft, H. (ed.), Sozialmassnahmen und Fürsorge. Zur Eigenart antiker Sozialpolitik, Horn, 103–21.Google Scholar

Kolb, A. (2000) Transport und Nachrichtentransfer im römischen Reich, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Komlos, J., and Landes, R. (1991) ‘Anachronistic economics. Grain storage in medieval England’, Economic History Review 44: 36–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kriedte, P. (1980) Spätfeudalismus und Handelskapital. Grundlinien der europäischen Wirtschaftsgeschichte vom 16. bis zum Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts, Göttingen.Google Scholar

Kron, G. (2000) ‘Roman ley-farming’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 13: 277–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kruit, N. (1992) ‘Local customs in the formulas of sales of wine for future delivery’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 94: 167–84.Google Scholar

Kudlien, F. (1984) ‘Anniversarii vicini. Zur freien Arbeit im römischen Dorf’, Hermes 112: 66–84.Google Scholar

Kuhoff, W. (2001) Diokletian und die Epoche der Tetrarchie. Das römische Reich zwischen Krisenbewältigung und Neuaufbau (284–313 n.Chr.), Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar

Laiou-Thomadakis, A. E. (1977) Peasant society in the late Byzantine Empire. A social and demographic study, Princeton NJ.Google Scholar

Langton, J. (1998) ‘The historical geography of European peasantries, 1400–1800’, in Scott, T. (ed.), The peasantries of Europe from the 14th to the 18th centuries, London, 372–400.Google Scholar

Lauffer, S. (1971) Diokletians Preisedikt, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laurence, R. (1998) ‘Land transport in Roman Italy. Costs, practice and the economy’, in Parkins, H. and Smith, C. (eds.), Trade, traders and the ancient city, London, 129–48.Google Scholar

Roy Ladurie, E. (1974) The peasants of Languedoc, transl. by J. Day, Urbana.Google Scholar

Leveau, P. (2001) ‘Veränderungen der Landwirtschaft Südgalliens im Zuge der römischen Herrschaftsausbreitung’, in Herz, P. and Waldherr, G. H. (eds.), Landwirtschaft im Imperium Romanum, St. Katharinen, 135–55.Google Scholar

Levinson, H., and Levinson, A. (1998) ‘Control of stored food pests in the ancient orient and classical antiquity’, Journal of Applied Entomology 122: 137–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lewis, N. (1993) ‘A reversal of a tax policy in Roman Egypt’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 34: 101–18.Google Scholar

Lewit, T. (1991) Agricultural production in the Roman economy AD 200–400, Oxford.Google Scholar

Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G. (1972) Antioch. City and imperial administration in the Later Roman Empire, Oxford.Google Scholar

Ligt, L. (1990/1) ‘Demand, supply, distribution. The Roman peasantry between town and countryside’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 9: 24–56; 10: 33–77.Google Scholar

Ligt, L.(1993) Fairs and markets in the Roman empire. Economic and social aspects of periodic trade in a pre-industrial society, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Ligt, L.(1998) ‘Studies in legal and agrarian history I. The inscription from Henchir-Mettich and the lex Manciana’, Ancient Society 29: 219–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ligt, L.(2002) ‘Restraining the rich, protecting the poor. Symbolic aspects of Roman legislation’, in Jongman, W. and Kleijwegt, M. (eds.), After the past. Essays in ancient history in honour of H. W. Pleket, Leiden, 1–45.Google Scholar

Lintott, A. (1993) Imperium Romanum. Politics and administration, London.Google Scholar

Lirb, H. (1993) ‘Partners in agriculture. The pooling of resources in rural societates in Roman Italy’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H.et al. (eds.), De agricultura. In memoriam Pieter Willem de Neeve (1945–1990), Amsterdam, 263–95.Google Scholar

Lo Cascio, E. (2000) ‘The Roman principate. The impact of the organization of the empire on production’, in Cascio, E. Lo and Rathbone, D. (eds.), Production and public powers in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 77–85.Google Scholar

Löwe, H.-D. (1986) ‘Teuerungsrevolten, Teuerungspolitik und Marktregulierung im 18. Jahrhundert in England, Frankreich und Deutschland’, Saeculum 37: 291–312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ma, J. (2000) ‘Public speech and community in the Euboicus’, in Swain, J. (ed.), Dio Chrysostom. Politics, letters and philosophy, Oxford, 108–24.Google Scholar

McArdle, F. (1978) Altopascio. A study in Tuscan rural society, 1587–1784, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McCloskey, D. N., and Nash, J. (1984) ‘Corn at interest. The extent and cost of grain storage in medieval England’, American Economic Review 74: 174–87.Google Scholar

McCormick, M. (2001) Origins of the European economy. Communications and commerce, AD 300–900, Cambridge.Google Scholar

MacKinnon, M. (2001) ‘High on the hog. Linking zooarchaeological, literary and artistic data for pig breeds in Roman Italy’, American Journal of Archaeology 105: 649–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McMullen, R. (1970) ‘Market-days in the Roman empire’, Phoenix 24: 333–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marquardt, Joachim (1886) Das Privatleben der Römer, Leipzig (= Darmstadt 1980).Google Scholar

Martin, D. B. (1996) ‘The construction of the ancient family. Methodological considerations’, Journal of Roman Studies 86: 40–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Martin, R. (1967) ‘Pline le Jeune et les problèmes économiques de son temps’, Revue des études anciennes 69: 62–97 = ‘Plinius der Jüngere und die wirtschaftlichen Problemen seiner Zeit’, in Schneider, H. (ed.), Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit, Darmstadt 1981, 196–233.Google Scholar

Martin, S. D. (1990) ‘Servum meum mulionem conduxisti. Mules, muleteers and transportation in classical Roman law’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 120: 301–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Martin, S. D.(2002) ‘Roman law and the study of land transportation’, in Aubert, J.-J. and Sirks, B. (eds.), Speculum iuris, Ann Arbor, 151–68.Google Scholar

Mattingly, D. J. (1993) ‘Maximum figures and maximizing strategies of oil production? Further thoughts on the processing capacity of Roman olive presses’, in Amouretti, M.-C. and Brun, J.-P. (eds.), La Production du vin et de l'huile en Méditerranée/Oil and wine production in the Mediterranean area, Athens/Paris, 483–98.Google Scholar

Mayerson, P. (1984) ‘Wheat in the Roman world. An addendum’, Classical Quarterly 34: 243–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mayerson, P.(1995) ‘Grain prices in late antiquity and the nature of the evidence’, in Zevit, Z.et al. (eds.), Solving riddles and untying knots. Biblical, epigraphic and semitic studies in honor of Jonas C. Greenfield, Winnona Lake, 443–9.Google Scholar

Mayerson, P.(1997) ‘The role of flax in Roman and Fatimid Egypt’, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 56: 201–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Medick, H. (1976) ‘The proto-industrial family economy. The structural function of household and family during the transition from peasant society to industrial capitalism’, Social History 2: 291–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meijer, F. (1986) A history of seafaring in the classical world, London.Google Scholar

Meijer, F.(2000) Paulus' zeereis naar Rome. Een reconstructie, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Meissner, B. (2000) ‘Über Zweck und Anlass von Diokletians Preisedikt’, Historia 49: 79–100.Google Scholar

Mendels, F. (1972) ‘Proto-industrialization. The first phase of the industrialization process’, Journal of Economic History 32: 241–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Messer, E. (1989) ‘Seasonality in food systems. An anthropological perspective on household food security’, in Sahn, D. E. (ed.), Seasonal variability in Third World agriculture. The consequences for food security, Baltimore, 151–75.Google Scholar

Migeotte, L. (1997) ‘Le Contrôle des prix dans les cités grecques’, in Économie antique. Prix et formation des prix dans les économies antiques, Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, 33–52.

Migeotte, L.(1998) ‘Les Ventes de grain public dans les cités grecques aux périodes classique et hellénistique’, in La Mémoire perdue. Recherches sur l'administration romaine, Rome, 229–46.

Millar, F. (1977) The emperor in the Roman world (31BC–AD 337), Ithaca NY.Google Scholar

Millar, F.(1981) ‘The world of the Golden Ass’, Journal of Roman Studies 71: 63–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Millet, M. (1982) ‘Town and country. A review of some material evidence’, in Miles, D. (ed.), The Romano-British countryside, British Archaeological Reports 103, Oxford.

Millett, P. (2001) ‘Productive to some purpose? The problem of ancient economic growth’, in Mattingly, D. J. and Salmon, J. (eds.), Economies beyond agriculture in the classical world, London, 17–48.CrossRef

Minnen, P. (1998) ‘Did ancient women learn a trade outside the home? A note on SB XVIII 13305’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 123: 201–3.Google Scholar

Minnen, P.(2000) ‘Agriculture and the “taxes-and-trade” model in Roman Egypt’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 133: 205–20.Google Scholar

Mitchell, S. (1993) Anatolia. Land, men, and gods in Asia Minor, Vol. I, The Celts in Anatolia and the impact of Roman rule, Oxford.Google Scholar

Moeller, W. O. (1976) The wool trade of ancient Pompeii, Leiden.Google Scholar

Montanari, M. (1999) ‘Production structures and food systems in the early middle ages’, in Flandrin, J.-L. and Montanari, M. (eds.), Food. A culinary history from antiquity to the present, New York, 168–77.Google Scholar

Morgan, G. (2000) ‘The publica fames of ad 68 (Suetonius, Nero 45.1)’, Classical Quarterly 50: 210–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morley, N. (1996) Metropolis and hinterland: the city of Rome and the Italian economy, 200 BC–AD 200, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morley, N.(2000) ‘Markets, marketing and the Roman élite’, in Lo Cascio, E. (ed.), Mercati permanenti e mercati periodici nel mondo Romano, Bari, 211–21.Google Scholar

Morley, N.(2001) ‘The transformation of Italy, 225–28 bc’, Journal of Roman Studies 91: 50–62.Google Scholar

Morton, J. (2001) The role of the physical environment in ancient Greek seafaring, Leiden.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mratschek-Halfmann, S. (1993) Divites et praepotentes. Reichtum und soziale Stellung in der Literatur der Prinzipatszeit, Stuttgart.Google Scholar

Mrozek, S. (1994) ‘Le Problème de l'annone dans les villes italiennes du Haut Empire romain’, in Le Ravitaillement en blé de Rome et des centres urbains des débuts de la République jusqu'au Haut Empire. Actes du colloque international de Naples (1991), Naples, 95–101.

Naour, C. (1977) ‘Inscriptions de Lycie’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 24: 269–90.Google Scholar

Neesen, L. (1980) Untersuchungen zu den direkten Staatsabgaben der römischen Kaiserzeit (27 v.Chr.–284 n.Chr.), Bonn.Google Scholar

Neeve, P. W. (1983) De boeren bedreigd. Locatie en economie in Italië in de tweede eeuw v. Chr., Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Neeve, P. W.(1984) Colonus. Private farm-tenancy in Roman Italy during the Republic and the early Principate, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Neeve, P. W.(1985) ‘The price of agricultural land in Roman Italy and the problem of economic rationalism’, Opus 4: 77–109.Google Scholar

Neeve, P. W.(1990) ‘A Roman landowner and his estates. Pliny the Younger’, Athenaeum 78: 363–402.Google Scholar

Neusner, J. (1990) The economics of the Mishnah, Chicago.Google Scholar

Nielsen, R. (1997) ‘Storage and English government intervention in early modern grain markets’, Journal of Economic History 57: 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nijf, O. (1997) The civic world of professional associations in the Roman East, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Nijf, O.(1998) ‘Het dagelijks brood. Prijsinscripties in Ephese en andere steden’, Lampas 31: 321–35.Google Scholar

Noack-Hilgers, B. (2001) ‘Die Kunst des Pflügens. Vom Homer über Cato zu Palladius’, in Herz, P. and Waldherr, G. H. (eds.), Landwirtschaft im Imperium Romanum, St. Katharinen, 157–203.Google Scholar

Oersted, P. (1994) ‘From Henchir Mettich to the Albertini tablets. A study in the economic and social significance of the Roman lease system (locatio-conductio)’, in Carlsen, J.et al. (eds.), Landuse in the Roman empire, Rome, 115–25.Google Scholar

Oliver, G. (2001) ‘Regions and micro-regions. Grain for Rhamnous’, in Archibald, Z.et al. (eds.), Hellenistic economies, London, 137–55.Google Scholar

Oliver, J. H. (1953) The ruling power. A study of the Roman Empire in the second century after Christ through the Roman oration of Aelius Aristides, Philadelphia.Google Scholar

Osborne, R. (1987) Classical landscape with figures. The ancient Greek city and its countryside, London.Google Scholar

Outhwaite, R. B. (1981) ‘Dearth and government intervention in English grain markets, 1590–1700’, Economic History Review 34: 389–406.Google Scholar

Outhwaite, R. B.(1991) Dearth, public policy and social disturbances in England, 1550–1800, Basingstoke.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Parassoglou, G. M. (1978) Imperial estates in Roman Egypt, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Paterson, J. (1998) ‘Trade and traders in the Roman world. Scale, structure and organisation’, in Parkins, H. and Smith, C. (eds.), Trade, traders and the ancient city, London, 149–67.Google Scholar

Paterson, J.(2001) ‘Hellenistic economies. The case of Rome’, in Archibald, Z. H.et al. (eds.), Hellenistic economies, London, 367–78.Google Scholar

Patterson, C. (1985) ‘“Not worth the rearing”. The causes of infant exposure in ancient Greece’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 115: 103–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pelizzon, S. (2000) ‘Grain flour, 1590–1790’, Review 23: 87–195.Google Scholar

Peña, J. T. (1998) ‘The mobilization of state olive oil in Roman Africa. The evidence of late 4th-c. ostraca from Carthage’, in Peña, J. T.et al. (eds.), Carthage papers. The early colony's economy, water supply, a public bath and the mobilization of state olive oil, Journal of Roman Archaeology Suppl. ser. 28, Portsmouth RI, 117–238.Google Scholar

Persson, K. G. (1988) Pre-industrial economic growth. Social organization and technological progress in Europe, Oxford.Google Scholar

Persson, K. G.(1996) ‘The seven lean years, elasticity traps, and intervention in grain markets in pre-industrial Europe’, Economic History Review 49: 692–714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Persson, K. G.(1999) Grain markets in Europe, 1500–1900. Integration and deregulation, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Petrikovits, H. von (1981) ‘Die Spezialisierung des römischen Handwerks’, in Jankuhn, H.et al. (eds.), Das Handwerk in vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Zeit, Bd. I, Göttingen, 63–132.Google Scholar

Peyer, H. C. (1950) Zur Getreidepolitik oberitalienischer Städte im 13. Jahrhundert, Wien.Google Scholar

Phillips, C. R. (1979) Ciudad Real 1500–1750. Growth, crisis and readjustment in the Spanish economy, Cambridge MA.Google Scholar

Phillips, C. R.(1987) ‘Time and duration. A model for the economy of early modern Spain’, American Historical Review 92: 531–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pleket, H. W. (1990) ‘Wirtschaft’, in Handbuch der europäischen Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, Bd. I, Stuttgart, 25–160.Google Scholar

Pleket, H. W.(1993a) ‘Rome. A pre-industrial megalopolis’, in Barker, T. and Sutcliffe, A. (eds.), Megalopolis. The giant city in history, London, 14–35.Google Scholar

Pleket, H. W.(1993b) ‘Agriculture in the Roman empire in comparative perspective’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H.et al. (eds.), De agricultura. In memoriam Pieter Willem de Neeve (1945–1990), Amsterdam, 317–42.Google Scholar

Pleket, H. W.(1998) ‘Models and inscriptions. Export of textiles in the Roman Empire’, Epigraphica Anatolica 30: 117–28.Google Scholar

Polfer, M. (1991) ‘Der Transport über den Landweg. Ein Hemmschuh für die Wirtschaft der römischen Kaiserzeit?’, Helinium 31: 273–95.Google Scholar

Polichetti, A. (2002) ‘Costo del lavoro e potere d'acquisto nell'editto dei prezzi’, in Blois, L. and Rich, J. (eds.), The transformation of economic life under the Roman empire, Amsterdam, 218–31.Google Scholar

Pomeroy, S. B. (1975) Goddesses, whores, wives, and slaves. Women in classical antiquity, New York.Google Scholar

Prell, M. (1997) Sozialökonomische Untersuchungen zur Armut im antiken Rom. Von den Gracchen bis Kaiser Diokletian, Stuttgart.Google Scholar

Pritchard, R. T. (1970) ‘Cicero and the lex Hieronica’, Historia 19: 352–68.Google Scholar

Pritchard, R. T.(1971) ‘Gaius Verres and the Sicilian farmers’, Historia 20: 224–38.Google Scholar

Pritchard, R. T.(1972) ‘Some aspects of first century Sicilian agriculture’, Historia 21: 646–60.Google Scholar

Purcell, N. (1985) ‘Wine and wealth in ancient Italy’, Journal of Roman Studies 75: 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Purcell, N.(1995) ‘The Roman villa and the landscape of production’, in Cornell, T. J. and Lomas, K. (eds.), Urban society in Roman Italy, London, 151–79.Google Scholar

Quass, F. (1993) Die Honoratiorenschicht in den Städten des griechischen Ostens. Untersuchungen zur politischen und sozialen Entwicklung in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit, Stuttgart.Google Scholar

Raeymackers, J. (2000) ‘The grain hoarders of Aspendus. Philostratus on the intervention of Apollonius of Tyana (Vita Apollonii I 15)’, in Mooren, L. (ed.), Politics, administration and society in the Hellenistic and Roman world, Louvain, 275–86.Google Scholar

Randall, A., and A. Charlesworth (2000) ‘The moral economy. Riot, markets and social conflict’, in Randall, A. and Charlesworth, A. (eds.), Moral economy and popular protest, Basingstoke, 1–32.Google Scholar

Rathbone, D. W. (1981) ‘The development of agriculture in the ager Cosanus during the Roman republic. Problems of evidence and interpretations’, Journal of Roman Studies 71: 10–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rathbone, D. W.(1983) ‘The grain trade and grain shortages in the Hellenistic East’, in Garnsey, P. and Whittaker, C. R. (eds.), Trade and famine in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 45–55.Google Scholar

Rathbone, D. W.(1991) Economic rationalism and rural society in third-century AD Egypt. The Heroninos archive and the Appianus estate, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Rathbone, D. W.(1993) ‘Egypt, Augustus and Roman taxation’, Cahiers du Centre G. Glotz 4: 81–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rathbone, D. W.(1997) ‘Prices and price formation in Roman Egypt’, in Économie antique. Prix et formation des prix dans les économies antiques, Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, 183–244.Google Scholar

Rathbone, D. W.(2000) ‘Ptolemaic to Roman Egypt. The death of the dirigiste state?’, in Lo Cascio, E. and Rathbone, D. W. (eds.), Production and public powers in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 44–54.Google Scholar

Reekmans, T. (1986) ‘The motives of the Roman farmer's economic options’, in Hommage à Jozef Veremans, Brussels, 259–73.Google Scholar

Reger, G. (1993) ‘The public purchase of grain on independent Delos’, Classical Antiquity 12: 300–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reher, D. S. (1990) Town and country in pre-industrial Spain. Cuenca 1550–1870, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Reinhardt, V. (1991) Überleben in der frühneuzeitlichen Stadt. Annona und Getreideversorgung in Rom, 1563–1797, Tübingen.Google Scholar

Revel, J. (1979) ‘A capital city's privileges. Food supplies in early-modern Rome’, in Forster, R. and Ranum, O. (eds.), Food and drink in history, Baltimore, 37–49.Google Scholar

Richardson, J. S. (1976) ‘The Spanish mines and the development of provincial taxation in the second century bc’, Journal of Roman Studies 66: 139–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rickman, G. (1980a) The corn supply of ancient Rome, Oxford.Google Scholar

Rickman, G.(1980b) ‘The grain trade under the Roman empire’, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 36: 261–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rickman, G.(1991) ‘Problems of transport and development of ports’, in A. Giovannini (ed.), Nourrir la plèbe, Basle, 103–18.Google Scholar

Rickman, G.(1998) ‘Problems of transport and storage of goods for distribution: les traces oubliées’, in La Mémoire perdue, Rome, 317–24.Google Scholar

Ring, R. R. (1979) ‘Early medieval peasant households in central Italy’, Journal of Family History 4: 2–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ringrose, D. R. (1970) Transportation and economic stagnation in Spain, 1750–1850, Durham NC.Google Scholar

Roeck, B. (1991) ‘Bayern und der Dreissigjährige Krieg. Demographie, wirtschaftliche und soziale Auswirkungen am Beispiel Münchens’, Geschichte und Gesellschaft 17: 434–58.Google Scholar

Rosafio, P. (1994) ‘Slaves and coloni in the villa system’, in Carlsen, J.et al. (eds.), Landuse in the Roman empire, Rome, 145–58.Google Scholar

Rosenfeld, B.-Z., and Menirav, J. (2001) ‘Methods of pricing and price regulation in Roman Palestine in the third and fourth centuries’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 121: 351–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosivach, V. J. (2000) ‘Some economic aspects of the fourth-century Athenian market in grain’, Chiron 30: 31–64.Google Scholar

Rostovtzeff, M. (1957) The social and economic history of the Roman empire, Oxford.Google Scholar

Rougé, J. (1981) Ships and fleets of the ancient Mediterranean, Middletown.Google Scholar

Rowland, R. J. Jr (1976) ‘The very poor and the grain dole at Rome and Oxyrhynchus’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 21: 64–73.Google Scholar

Rowlandson, J. (1987) ‘P.Oxyrhynchus. XLII 3047, VII 1044 and the land tax in kind’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 67: 283–91.Google Scholar

Rowlandson, J.(1996) Landowners and tenants in Roman Egypt. The social relations of agriculture in the Oxyrhynchite nome, Oxford.Google Scholar

Rowlandson, J.(ed.) (1998) Women and society in Greek and Roman Egypt. A sourcebook, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Rowlandson, J.(1999) ‘Agricultural tenancy and village society in Roman Egypt’, in Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E. (eds.), Agriculture in Egypt from pharaonic to modern times, Oxford, 139–58.Google Scholar

Rowlandson, J.(2001) ‘Money use among the peasantry of Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt’, in Meadows, A. and Shipton, K. (eds.), Money and its uses in the ancient Greek world, Oxford, 145–55.Google Scholar

Ruffing, K. (2001a) ‘Wein und Weinbau im römischen Ägypten (1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.)’, in Herz, P. and Waldherr, G. (eds.), Landwirtschaft im Imperium Romanum, St. Katharinen, 257–72.Google Scholar

Ruffing, K.(2001b) ‘Einige Überlegungen zum Weinhandel im römischen Ägypten (1.-3. Jh. n. Chr.)’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 20: 55–80.Google Scholar

Ruiz, T. F. (1998) ‘The peasantries of Iberia, 1400–1800’, in Scott, T. (ed.), The peasantries of Europe from the 14th to the 18th centuries, London, 49–73.Google Scholar

Ruschenbusch, E. (1988) ‘Getreideerträge in Griechenland in der Zeit von 1921 bis 1938 n. Chr. als Masstab für die Antike’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 72: 141–53.Google Scholar

Safrai, Z. (1994) The economy of Roman Palestine, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sahn, D. E. (1989) ‘A conceptual framework for examining the seasonal aspects of household food security’, in Sahn, D. E. (ed.), Seasonal variability in Third World agriculture. The consequences for food security, Baltimore, 3–16.Google Scholar

Sahn, D. E., and C. Delgado (1989) ‘The nature and implications for market intervention of seasonal food price variability’, ibid. 179–95.

Sakellariou, E. (2000) ‘The cities of Puglia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Their economy and society’, in Cowan, A. (ed.), Mediterranean urban culture, 1400–1700, Exeter, 97–114.Google Scholar

Sallares, R. (1991) The ecology of the ancient Greek world, London.Google Scholar

Saller, R. P. (1984) ‘Familia, domus and the Roman conception of the family’, Phoenix 38: 336–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Saller, R. P.(1991) ‘Roman heirship strategies in principle and practice’, in Kertzer, D. I. and Saller, R. P. (eds.), The family in Italy from antiquity to the present, s. l., 26–47.

Saller, R. P.(2002) ‘Framing the debate over growth in the ancient economy’, in Scheidel, W. and Reden, S. (eds.), The ancient economy, Edinburgh, 251–69.Google Scholar

Saller, R. P., and Shaw, B. D. (1984) ‘Tombstones and Roman family relations in the principate. Civilians, soldiers and slaves’, Journal of Roman Studies 74: 124–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Saller, R. P., and D. I. Kertzer (1991) ‘Historical and anthropological perspectives on Italian family life’, in Kertzer, D. I. and Saller, R. P. (eds.), The family in Italy from antiquity to the present, s. l., 1–19.

Saunders, T. J. (transl.) (1970) Plato. The laws, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar

Schäfer, C. (2001) ‘Procuratores, actores und vilici. Zur Leitung landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe im Imperium Romanum’, in Herz, P. and Waldherr, G. H. (eds.), Landwirtschaft im Imperium Romanum, St. Katharinen, 273–84.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W. (1989) ‘Zur Lohnarbeit bei Columella’, Tyche 4: 139–46.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W.(1990) ‘Feldarbeit von Frauen in der antiken Landwirtschaft’, Gymnasium 97: 405–31.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W.(1992) ‘Coloni und Pächter in den römischen literarischen Quellen vom 2. Jh. v. Chr. bis zur Severerzeit. Eine kritische Betrachtung (Colonus-studien I)’, Athenaeum 80: 331–70.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W.(1993) ‘Sklaven und Freigelassene als Pächter und ihre ökonomische Funktion in der römischen Landwirtschaft (Colonus-Studien III)’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H.et al. (eds.), De agricultura. In memoriam P. W. de Neeve, Amsterdam, 182–96.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W.(1994a) ‘Grain cultivation in the villa economy of Roman Italy’, in Carlsen, J.et al. (eds.), Landuse in the Roman empire, Rome, 159–66.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W.(1994b) Grundpacht und Lohnarbeit in der Landwirtschaft des römischen Italien, Frankfurt am Main.Google Scholar

Scheidel, W.(1996) ‘The most silent women of Greece and Rome. Rural labour and women's life in the ancient world (II)’, Greece and Rome 43: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scheidel, W.(2001) ‘Progress and problems in Roman demography’, in Scheidel, W. (ed.), Debating Roman demography, Leiden, 1–81.Google Scholar

Schenk, D. (1930) Die Quellen der epitoma rei militaris, Leipzig.Google Scholar

Schlumberger, J. (1974) Die epitome de Caesaribus. Untersuchungen zur heidnischen Geschichtsschreibung des 4. Jahrhunderts n.Chr., Munich.Google Scholar

Schmidt, G. (1991) ‘Die frühneuzeitlichen Hungerrevolten. Soziale Konflikte und Wirtschaftspolitik im Alten Reich’, Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung 17: 257–80.Google Scholar

Schmidt, S. (1989) ‘Zur Krise in der Getreideversorgung Roms im Jahre 68 n. Chr. Topos und Realität. Einige Bermerkungen zu Sueton, Nero 45,1’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 8: 84–106.Google Scholar

Schneider, H. (1983) ‘Die Getreideversorgung der Stadt Antiochia im 4. Jh. n. Chr.’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 2: 59–72.Google Scholar

Schneider, H.(2000) ‘Politisches System und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in der späten römischen Republik’, in Cascio, E. Lo and Rathbone, D. W. (eds.), Production and public powers in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 55–62.Google Scholar

Schumpeter, J. A. (1954) History of economic analysis, New York.Google Scholar

Scott, T. (1998) ‘Introduction’, in Scott, T. (ed.), The peasantries of Europe from the 14th to the 18th centuries, London, 1–19.Google Scholar

Scramuzza, V. M. (1959) ‘Roman Sicily’, in Frank, T. (ed.), An economic survey of ancient Rome, Vol. III, orig. 1937, Paterson, 225–377.Google Scholar

Seager, R. (1966) ‘Lysias against the corndealers’, Historia 15: 172–84.Google Scholar

Seavoy, R. E. (1986) Famine in peasant societies, New York.Google Scholar

Sen, A. (1981) Poverty and famines. An essay in entitlement and deprivation, Oxford.Google Scholar

Serrati, J. (2000) ‘Garrisons and grain. Sicily between the Punic Wars’, in Smith, C. and Serrari, J. (eds.), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus. New approaches in archaeology and history, Edinburgh, 115–33, 202–4.Google Scholar

Sharp, B. (2000) ‘The food riots of 1347 and the medieval moral economy’, in Randall, A. and Charlesworth, A. (eds.), Moral economy and popular protest, Basingstoke, 33–54.Google Scholar

Sharp, M. (1998) The food supply in Roman Egypt, Ph.D thesis, Oxford.Google Scholar

Sharp, M.(1999a) ‘The village of Theadelphia in the Fayyum. Land and population in the second century’, Proceedings of the British Academy 96: 159–92.Google Scholar

Sharp, M.(1999b) ‘Shearing sheep. Rome and the collection of taxes in Egypt, 30 bc–ad 200’, in Eck, W. (ed.), Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert, Oldenbourg, 213–41.Google Scholar

Sherk, R. K. (1988) The Roman Empire. Augustus to Hadrian, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sherrat, A. (1995) ‘Reviving the grand narrative. Archaeology and long-term change’, Journal of European Archaeology 3: 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Simpson, J. (1995) Spanish agriculture. The long siesta, 1765–1965, Cambridge.Google Scholar

Sirks, B. (1991a) Food for Rome. The legal structure of the transportation and processing of supplies for the imperial distributions in Rome and Constantinople, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Sirks, B.(1991b) ‘The size of the grain distributions in imperial Rome and Constantinople’, Athenaeum 79: 215–37.Google Scholar

Sirks, B.(2002) ‘Sailing in the off-season with reduced financial risk’, in Aubert, J.-J. and Sirks, B. (eds.), Speculum iuris, Ann Arbor, 134–50.Google Scholar

Skydsgaard, J. E. (1980) ‘Non-slave labour in rural Italy during the late republic’, in Garnsey, P. (ed.), Non-slave labour in the Greco-Roman world, Cambridge, 65–71.Google Scholar

Small, A. M. (1981) ‘The environment of San Giovanni in the Roman period’, in Barker, G. W. W. and Hodges, R. (eds.), Archaeology and Italian society. Papers in Italian archaeology II, Oxford, 203–12.Google Scholar

Small, A. M.(1991) ‘Late Roman rural settlements in Basilicata and western Apulia’, in Barker, G. and Lloyd, J. (eds.), Roman landscapes. Archaeological survey and the Mediterranean region, London, 204–22.Google Scholar

Snider, G. L. (1978) ‘Hesiod's sailing season (W&D 663–665)’, American Journal of Ancient History 3: 129–35.Google Scholar

Sosin, J. D. (2002) ‘Grain for Andros’, Hermes 130: 131–45.Google Scholar

Souza, P. (2000) ‘Western Mediterranean ports in the Roman Empire, first century bc to sixth century ad’, Journal of Mediterranean Studies 10: 229–54.Google Scholar

Spawforth, A. J., and Walker, S. (1985) ‘The world of the Panhellenion. I. Athens and Eleusis’, Journal of Roman Studies 75: 78–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spek, R. van der (2000a) ‘The Seleucid state and the economy’, in Cascio, E. Lo and Rathbone, D. W. (eds.), Production and public powers in classical antiquity, Cambridge, 27–36.Google Scholar

Spek, R.(2000b) ‘The effect of war on the prices of barley and agricultural land in Hellenistic Babylonia’, in Andreau, J. [et al.] (eds.), Économie antique. La Guerre dans les économies antiques, Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, 293–313.Google Scholar

Sperber, D. (1977a) ‘Aspects of agrarian life in Roman Palestine I. Agricultural decline in Palestine during the later principate’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt II.8, Berlin, 397–443.Google Scholar

Sperber, D.(1977b) ‘On the office of the agoranomos in Roman Palestine’, Zeitschrift der deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 127: 227–43.Google Scholar

Sperber, D.(1998) The city in Roman Palestine, New York.Google Scholar

Spurr, M. S. (1986) Arable cultivation in Roman Italy, c. 200 BC–c. AD 100, London.Google Scholar

Stefan, A. (1974) ‘Die Getreidekrisen in den Städten an den westlichen und nördlichen Küsten des Ponton Euxeinos in der hellenistischen Zeit’, in Welskopf, L. (ed.), Hellenische Poleis. Krise – Wandlung – Wirkung, Bd. II, Berlin, 648–63.Google Scholar

Stoll, O. (2001) ‘Kontakt und Wandel. Wege der Vermittlung und Ausbreitung landwirtschaftlicher Technologien in der Antike’, in Herz, P. and Waldherr, G. H. (eds.), Landwirtschaft im Imperium Romanum, St. Katharinen, 285–318.Google Scholar

Stroud, R. S. (1998) The Athenian grain-tax law of 374/3 BC, Princeton.Google Scholar

Strubbe, J. H. M. (1987) ‘The sitonia in the cities of Asia Minor under the Principate (I)’, Epigraphica Anatolica 10: 45–82.Google Scholar

Strubbe, J. H. M.(1989) ‘The sitonia in the cities of Asia Minor under the Principate (II)’, Epigraphica Anatolica 13: 99–122.Google Scholar

Strubbe, J. H. M.(1994) ‘Armenzorg in de Grieks-Romeinse wereld’, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 107: 163–83.Google Scholar

Temin, P. (2001) ‘A market economy in the early Roman empire’, Journal of Roman Studies 91: 169–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tengström, E. (1974) Bread for the people. Studies of the corn-supply of Rome during the late empire, Stockholm.Google Scholar

Thompson, D. J. (1987) ‘Imperial estates’, in Wacher, J. (ed.), The Roman world, London, 555–67.Google Scholar

Thompson, E. P. (1971) ‘The moral economy of the English crowd in the eighteenth century’, Past and Present 50: 76–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Treggiari, S. (1979) ‘Lower class women in the Roman economy’, Florilegium 1: 65–86.Google Scholar

Udovitch, A. L. (1999) ‘International trade and the medieval Egyptian countryside’, in Bowman, A. K. and Rogan, E. (eds.), Agriculture in Egypt from Pharaonic to modern times, Oxford, 267–85.Google Scholar

Ungern-Sternberg, J. von (1991) ‘Die politische und soziale Bedeutung der spätrepublikanischen leges frumentariae’, in Giovannini, A. (ed.), Nourrir la plèbe, Basle, 19–41.Google Scholar

Verbrugghe, G. P. (1972) ‘Sicily 210–70 bc. Livy, Cicero and Diodorus’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 103: 535–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Volckart, O. (2002) ‘Central Europe's way to a market economy, 1000–1800’, European Review of Economic History 6: 309–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vries, J., and Woude, A. M. (1995) Nederland 1500–1815. De eerste ronde van moderne economische groei, Amsterdam.Google Scholar

Wacke, A. (1992) ‘Mühlen und Müllerbäcker im römischen Reich und Recht’, in Baur, J. F.et al. (eds.), Europarecht – Energierecht – Wirtschaftsrecht, Cologne, 641–70.Google Scholar

Währen, M. (2001) ‘Die Getreide – und Brotversorgung Roms vom. 5. Jh. v. Chr. bis 4. Jh. n. Chr. 2. Teil. Entwicklung der Bäckerzünfte und die Bäckerinnerungskrypt und die Grabkammern in der Domitilla-Katakombe zu Rom’, Getreide Mehl und Brot 55: 183–8.Google Scholar

Waldherr, G. H. (2001) ‘Antike Transhumanz im Mediterran. Ein Überblick’, in Herz, P. and Waldherr, G. H. (eds.), Landwirtschaft im Imperium Romanum, St. Katharinen, 331–57.Google Scholar

Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1991) ‘Elites and trade in the Roman town’, in Rich, J. and Wallace-Hadrill, A. (eds.), City and country in the ancient world, London, 241–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wallace-Hadrill, A.(1997) ‘Production and consumption’, in Jones, P. and Sidwell, K. (eds.), The world of Rome. An introduction to Roman culture, Cambridge, 181–207.Google Scholar

Wallinga, H. T. (1993) ‘Hesiod's farmer as a sailor’, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, H.et al. (eds.), De agricultura. In memoriam Pieter Willem de Neeve (1945–1990), Amsterdam, 1–12.Google Scholar

Walter, J., and R. Schofield (1989) ‘Famine, disease and crisis mortality in early modern society’, in Walter, J. and Schofield, R. (eds.), Famine, disease and the social order in early modern society,Cambridge, 1–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Warnecke, H. (2002) ‘Zur Phänomenologie und zum Verlauf antiker Überseewege’, in Olshausen, E. and Sonnabend, H. (eds.), Zu Wasser und zu Land. Verkehrswege in der antiken Welt, Stuttgart, 93–104.Google Scholar

Warrior, V. M. (1988) ‘The chronology of the movements of M. Fulvius Nobilior (cos. 189) in 189/188 bc’, Chiron 18: 325–56.Google Scholar

Watkins, S. Cotts, and Menken, J. (1985) ‘Famine in historical perspective’, Population and Development Review 11: 647–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Watts, S. J. (1984) A social history of western Europe, 1450–1720. Tensions and solidarities among rural people, London.Google Scholar

Weir, D. R. (1989) ‘Markets and mortality in France, 1600–1789’, in Walter, J. and Schofield, R. (eds.), Famine, disease and the social order in early modern society, Cambridge, 201–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wesch-Klein, G. (1989) ‘Private Handelsförderung im römischen Nordafrika’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 8: 29–38.Google Scholar

Whitby, M. (1998) ‘The grain trade of Athens in the fourth century bc’, in Parkins, H. and Smith, C. (eds.), Trade, traders and the ancient city, London, 102–28.Google Scholar

White, K. D. (1970) Roman farming, London.Google Scholar

Whittaker, C. R. (1978) ‘Land and labour in North Africa’, Klio 60: 331–62 = Land, city and trade in the Roman Empire, Aldershot, 1993.

Whittaker, C. R.(1980) ‘Rural labour in three Roman provinces’, in Garnsey, P. (ed.), Non-slave labour in the Greco-Roman world, Cambridge, 73–99.Google Scholar

Whittaker, C. R.(1983) ‘Late Roman trade and traders’, in Garnsey, Peteret al. (eds.), Trade in the ancient economy, Cambridge, 163–80, 208–11 = in Land, city and trade in the Roman Empire, Aldershot, 1993.Google Scholar

Whittaker, C. R.(1985) ‘Trade and the aristocracy in the Roman empire’, Opus 4: 49–75.Google Scholar

Whittaker, C. R.(1990) ‘The consumer city revisited. The vicus and the city’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 3: 110–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Whittaker, C. R.(1993) ‘The poor in the city of Rome’, in Land, city and trade in the Roman Empire, Aldershot, 1–25.Google Scholar

Wiemer, H.-U. (1995) Libanios und Julian. Studien zum Verhältnis von Rhetorik und Politik im vierten Jahrhundert n. Chr., Munich.Google Scholar

Wiemer, H.-U.(1996) ‘Der Sophist Libanios und die Bäcker von Antiocheia’, Athenaeum 84: 527–48.Google Scholar

Wiemer, H.-U.(1997) ‘Das Edikt des L. Antistius Rusticus. Eine Preisregulierung als Antwort auf eine überregionale Versorgungskrise?’, Anatolian Studies 47: 195–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wild, J.-P. (1999) ‘Textile manufacture. A rural craft?’, in Polfer, M. (ed.), Artisanat et productions artisanales en milieu rural dans les provinces du nord-ouest de l'Empire romain, Montagnac, 29–37.Google Scholar

Wilson, A. (2002) ‘Machines, power and the ancient economy’, Journal of Roman Studies 92: 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wilson, R. J. A. (1990) Sicily under the Roman Empire. The archaeology of a Roman province, 36 BC–AD 535, Warminster.Google Scholar

Wilson, R. J. A.(2000) ‘Ciceronian Sicily. An archaeological perspective’, in Smith, C. and Serrati, J. (eds.), Sicily from Aeneas to Augustus. New approaches in archaeology and history, Edinburgh, 134–60, 204–7.Google Scholar

Wörrle, M. (1971) ‘Ägyptisches Getreide für Ephesos’, Chiron 1: 325–40.Google Scholar

Wörrle, M.(1988a) ‘Inschriften von Herakleia am Latmos I. Antiochos II, Zeuxis und Herakleia’, Chiron 18: 421–70.Google Scholar

Wörrle, M.(1988b) Stadt und Fest im kaiserzeitlichen Kleinasien. Studien zu einer agonistischen Stiftung aus Oenoanda, Munich.Google Scholar

Woods, D. (2001) ‘Grain prices at Antioch again’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 134: 233–8.Google Scholar

Woolf, G. (1990) ‘Food, poverty and patronage. The significance of the epigraphy of the Roman alimentary schemes in early imperial Italy’, Papers of the British School at Rome 58: 197–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wrigley, E. A. (1989) ‘Some reflections on corn yields and prices in pre-industrial economies’, in Walter, J. and Schofield, R. (eds.), Famine, disease and the social order in early modern society, Cambridge, 235–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yaron, R. (1959) ‘Sale of wine’, in Daube, D. (ed.), Studies in the Roman law of sale. Dedicated to the memory of Francis de Zulueta, Oxford (Repr. Aalen 1977), 71–7.Google Scholar

Zanden, J. L. (1991) Arbeid tijdens het handelskapitalisme. Opkomst en neergang van de Hollandse economie 1350–1850, Bergen.Google Scholar

Zanden, J. L.(1996) ‘Is het handelskapitalisme een aparte theorie waard?’, Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geschiedenis 22: 53–64.Google Scholar

Zelener, Y. (2000) ‘Market dynamics in Roman north Africa’, in Cascio, E. Lo (ed.), Mercati permanenti e mercati periodici nel mondo Romano, Bari, 223–35.Google Scholar

Ziegler, R. (1977) ‘Münzen Kilikiens als Zeugnis kaiserlicher Getreidespenden’, Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 27: 29–67.Google Scholar

Zimmermann, M. (1992) ‘Die lykischen Häfen und die Handelswege im östlichen Mittelmeer. Bemerkungen zu P. Mich I 10’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92: 201–17.Google Scholar