Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Foreword
- List of abbreviations
- Part I Basic principles
- 1 Background
- 2 The virus
- 3 Epidemiology and transmission
- 4 Natural history of infection
- 5 Pathogenesis of infection
- 6 Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma
- 7 Hepatitis C and autoimmune diseases
- 8 Clinical aspects of the disease
- 9 Current therapeutic approaches
- 10 Nonstructural protein 5A and interferon resistance
- Part II Recent advances
- Part III Experimental approaches
- Part IV Protocols and techniques
- Part V Some outstanding questions and emerging areas for investigation
- References
- Index
6 - Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 August 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Foreword
- List of abbreviations
- Part I Basic principles
- 1 Background
- 2 The virus
- 3 Epidemiology and transmission
- 4 Natural history of infection
- 5 Pathogenesis of infection
- 6 Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma
- 7 Hepatitis C and autoimmune diseases
- 8 Clinical aspects of the disease
- 9 Current therapeutic approaches
- 10 Nonstructural protein 5A and interferon resistance
- Part II Recent advances
- Part III Experimental approaches
- Part IV Protocols and techniques
- Part V Some outstanding questions and emerging areas for investigation
- References
- Index
Summary
Prevalence and risk factors
The association between HCV and HCC predates the discovery of the virus, since early on it had been shown that there was a close relationship between NANBH and the development of HCC (Kiyosawa et al., 1982, 1984, 1990; Sakamoto et al., 1988). However, once HCV was discovered (Choo et al., 1989) and serological assays became available for its detection (Kuo et al., 1989) (Sections 1.4 and 1.5), a close association was established between anti-HCV and HCC all over the world (Bruix et al., 1989; Colombo et al., 1989; Hasan et al., 1990; Kew et al., 1990; Saito et al., 1990; Vargas, Costella & Esteban, 1990; Yu et al., 1990; Sulaiman et al., 1991). In southern Europe and Japan, for example, more than half of the reported HCC has been associated with HCV (Bruix et al., 1989; Colombo et al., 1989) whereas the prevalence of anti-HCV in Alaskan patients with HCC is nearly zero. Intermediate frequencies of anti-HCV have been reported among patients from Greece, Austria, and Taiwan (Jeng & Tsai, 1991; Baur et al., 1992; Hadziyannis et al., 1993), indicating geographic variation in this association. Worldwide, there are an estimated 170 million people who are chronically infected with HCV (Bradley et al., 1983; Choo et al., 1989; Houghton, 1996; Delwaide & Gerard, 2000; Wild & Hall, 2000) (Section 3.1), and the annual incidence rate of newly diagnosed HCC associated with HCV infection ranges from 1 to 7% in different populations (Di Bisceglie, 1997).
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- Information
- Hepatitis C VirusFrom Laboratory to Clinic, pp. 85 - 92Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2002