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7 - The Museum as Expression of Local Identity and Place: The Case of Nanjing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2020

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Summary

Abstract

This chapter looks at museum representations of the historic city of Nanjing, and explores how the narratives of a relic museum function as a ‘memory machine’ to reconstruct cultural belonging and identity, generating a bond between people and place that takes on the affective power of ‘topophilia’. While such local bonding is crucial for developing an understanding of, and commitment to, heritage preservation, modern museology operates on national and global, as well as local, stages, greatly complicating museum presentations of history and cultural heritage. This chapter argues that the relic museum – as a surviving memorial of the past by saving and displaying its historical objects and artefacts – thus becomes an arena of contestation between top-down state recognition for national and global audiences and bottom-up locally embedded cultural revival.

Keywords: Nanjing, Six Dynasties, relic museum, topophilia, heritage, memory

Introduction

How does a museum tell the stories of a place? Does it tell its stories differently to local inhabitants and to an outsider audience? Like a piece of literature, a museum can be intimately connected with its own city through narratives, images, and symbols. But curatorial practice and exhibition simultaneously involve the processes of contextualisation and de-contextualisation. For example, a historic city with a long tradition and rich cultural heritage would endow a museum with a great assemblage of objects and texts to materialise an otherwise abstract past. By removing the things from their original contexts and rearranging them in new ways of visual display and perceptions, modern museological practice can contribute to forging individual and collective understanding of a place and its varied identities in past, present, and future.

Yet, to speak of a museum that intrinsically creates an aura of place or ‘home’ can be a paradoxical statement in itself. The sense of place is customarily understood as a humanistic ideal. For Yi-fu Tuan (1977), ‘place’ is a fundamental concept in humanistic geography that emphasises human subjectivity and experience rather than the hard logic of spatial science. Tuan defines place attachment as how people relate on an emotional and perceptual level to the places that they inhabit. He coined the term ‘topophilia’ (literally ‘love of place’) to explore the affective bonds between people and settings, environmental perception, attitudes, and value.

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The Heritage Turn in China
The Reinvention, Dissemination and Consumption of Heritage
, pp. 191 - 212
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2020

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