State of the East

The state of breathless excitement, in which the revolution the East, kept the Roman government by perpetually renewing the alarm of fire and the cry to quench it, made them lose sight of provincial matters generally; and that most of all in the case of the Asiatic East, whose remote and unwarlike nations did not thrust themselves so directly on the attention of the government as Africa, Spain, and the neighbouring Transalpine peoples. After the annexation of the kingdom of Attalus, which took place contemporaneously with the outbreak of the revolution, for a whole generation there is hardly any evidence of Rome's taking a serious part in Oriental affairs—with the exception of the establishment of the province of Cilicia in 652 (P. 139), to which the Romans were driven by the boundless audacity of the Cilician pirates, and which was in reality nothing more than the institution of a permanent station for a small division of the Roman army and fleet in the eastern waters. It was not till the down-fall of Marius in 654 had in some measure consolidated the government of the restoration, that the Roman authorities began anew to bestow some attention on the events in the East.

Egypt

In many respects matters still stood as they had done thirty years ago. The kingdom of Egypt with its two appendages of Cyrene and Cyprus was broken up, partly de jure, partly de facto, on the death of Euergetes II. (637). Cyrene went to his natural son, Ptolemseus Apion, and was for ever separated from Egypt.