THE PUBLIC SERVICE CONUNDRUM: CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE

Traditionally the public service sector was characterized by a stronger emphasis on processes and inputs than on results. This of course involved what was normally considered a distinctive “public service” approach to organization, service delivery and security of employment. Furthermore, where policy advice to governments was concerned, a sort of monopoly existed, where an entrenched system of preference conserved central control over personnel practices and conditions.

However, the major characteristics of the public service today include flexibility regarding processes, accountability for outputs and outcomes, and a strong emphasis on efficiency. There are now also strong similarities with the private sector in terms of organization and service delivery. Besides, the private sector is being used more and more for the delivery of public services.

The responsibility for policy advice is also being shared with “political” advisers and “consultants”. With greater transparency and accountability, a variety of avenues are now available to citizens in obtaining information and/or redress. A devolution of personnel practices and conditions have occurred, together with the decentralization of budget responsibilities and, crucially, e-government.

THE DRIVING FORCES OF CHANGE

Key driving forces of change includes the new expectations that society at large have regarding governance, globalization, competitiveness and austerity in public spending. In addition, advances in telecommunications and information technology, and new trends in public sector management in developing and developed countries have also helped in influencing change. Also important is increased participation in economic and political decision-making.