Chapter 7 presents the main evolutionary theories to explain human cultures. A brief historical account is given of evolutionary thinking in sociology and cultural anthropology, the social sciences most concerned with human sociality. The chapter proceeds with the idea of cultural evolution as a process of dual inheritance, combining evolution with cultural acquiring to arrive at a full explanation of human culture. This is followed by a related discussion of genetic-cultural coevolution. Next, an overlapping area of social sciences and biology is examined, namely the role of learning and instincts, in which context the Baldwin effect and Lamarckian versus Darwinian evolution are scrutinized. Subsequently, the role of imitation in social-cultural evolution, as most clearly elaborated in the theory of memes, is reviewed. It is argued to provide a generalized evolutionary angle on human behaviour and culture which is complementary to purely gene-based explanations, such as in evolutionary psychology. Three final sections provide evolutionary accounts of typical human cultural expressions, notably religion, aesthetics and art (with a focus on music), and humour and laughter.