Chapter 14 addresses evolutionary perspectives on climate policy and a transition to a low-carbon economy. It opens with outlining the urgency of human responses to climate change, and motivates the relevant contribution that evolutionary thinking can provide to the design of adequate climate and population strategies. This includes not only regulatory and innovation policies, but also adaptation strategies. A long section deals with various aspects of low-carbon innovations and a subsequent section with ultimate consequences like energy/carbon rebound, oil market responses and carbon leakage between countries. We study the policy mix needed to combine desirable regulation and innovation effects, and to assure that undesirable systemic effects are controlled. This involves a plea for carbon pricing, with general and evolution-based arguments, as well as an analysis of how to best allocate scarce subsidy money between innovation and diffusion. Finally, the need for policy coordination in the Paris climate treaty is deliberated, bringing many of the earlier themes together in an overall pragmatic advice.