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25 - Reactivation and lytic replication of EBV

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Shannon C. Kenney
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Shannon C. Kenney
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Viral pathogenesis

The lytic form of EBV infection is required for the production of progeny virus, and is thus essential for cell-to-cell spread of the virus, as well as transmission from host to host. Unfortunately, there is currently no cell culture system in vitro that is permissive for efficient primary lytic EBV infection. Although a recent report suggests that allowing the virus to first attach to the surface of primary B cells greatly facilitates EBV infection of epithelial cells in vitro (Shannon-Lowe et al., 2006), even this system of infection still does not result in efficient horizontal spread of virus from cell to cell. Thus, lytic EBV infection in vitro has been studied by reactivating the lytic form of infection from latently infected cell lines using a variety of inducing agents, including phorbol esters, butyrate, calcium ionophores, and B-cell receptor stimulation.

During primary infection, EBV probably initially infects oral epithelial cells in a lytic form, and then subsequently infects B-cells, where the virus usually assumes one of the latent forms of infection. In contrast to alpha and beta herpesviruses, which cause human diseases during the lytic form of viral infection but are essentially innocuous while in the latent form of infection, most illnesses attributable to EBV infection are associated with the latent forms of infection. During primary EBV infection, some individuals, particularly adolescents, develop the syndrome infectious mononucleosis (IM) approximately 1 month after being infected (Cohen, 2000; Jenson, 2000).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 403 - 433
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

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