Popular preaching in the Graeco-Roman world

With paraclesis, ‘exhortation’, and homilia, ‘familiar converse’, we enter the world of popular preaching. The hinterland of paraclesis is permeated with religious meaning: ‘comfort’, ‘consolation’, ‘asking for help’; and as ‘exhortation’ the word can denote both summons to decision and encouragement to persevere. The ethos of homilia, the term later applied to popular preaching, is one of intimacy and familiarity, of friendly converse and persuasive argumentation, with overtones of serious intent and instruction. The world of the first century was as open to moralistic discourse as the modern world is closed to it. The church began in a cultural environment in which preaching was a basic mode of communication.

Behind this cultural phenomenon stood centuries of development and preparation, the roots of which were embedded in the Greek situation bequeathed to posterity by Alexander. The soil was the international culture, based on Hellenism. Yet such hellenistic internationalism contained within itself immense tensions.