This part describes the changing forms of ownership, control and trade in productive resources during and especially following the decline of slavery and pawnship. This history of social relations of production needs to be set in the political context of British over-rule, including the severe limits to colonial administrative capacity and, towards the end of the period, the transition towards an independent Ghanaian state. The story must also be related to the economic context of the gradual transformation of factor ratios that proceeded throughout the period (and beyond): as the area under cultivation continued to spread, cocoa trees to mature, and population to rise. The causes and implications of the outcomes defined in the chapters that follow-discussing successively the changes in the relations of land, capital and labour-will be examined in depth in Part Six. The present part thus performs the same role in our discussion of the post-1908 period as Part Two did in our consideration of the nineteenth century. As there, analysis is an essential means of establishing a consistent description amid conflicting arguments. Much of the evidence presented here is new. In the process we will reconsider the nature of British policies on market institutions in West Africa, review Polly Hill's argument that borrowers and lenders came from the same socio-economic group, and revisit the proposition that cocoa undermined the importance of the extended family in the allocation of resources.