Resource surveys and land evaluation studies are only a means to an end. It is at the further stage of land use planning, and projects in the area of natural resource management, that action gets taken. Land use planning does not only mean making plans; it covers their implementation and management, monitoring of progress, and revision. The most important scales are national level, for policy guidance and priorities, and district or project level, where developments are put into practice. Planning must be focused on the problems of land users, but these must be reconciled with other interests. The wide range of objectives, covering production, conservation, and the different sectors of land use, means that no standardized method is possible. The best that can be done is to provide a set of guidelines giving basic steps, with checklists of activities, together with decision support systems. Past experience and informed judgement will always be needed. Natural resource aspects should play a continuing role during the later stages of project planning, including during implementation and monitoring of progress.