We now turn our attention to the nature of phrases and sentences, to the mechanics of putting words together to form utterances (which differs greatly from language to language). We will first survey the roles of word order, grammatical case and gender, and other types of grammatical inflection in conveying the meaning of phrases. We will also look at how the meanings of phrases are sometimes directly calculable from the meanings of the words that they contain, and sometimes not. Finally, we will consider how the sentences and phrases are often made up of parts which are themselves sentences and phrases, and how combining the same string of words in different ways can give rise to robust ambiguities.