Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Table of cases
- Table of statutes
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Historical context to migration
- 2 Immigration control: an overview
- 3 Basic migration legislation and policy
- 4 The visa system and application procedures
- 5 Family and interdependency migration and other Australia-based visas
- 6 Business and investment visas
- 7 Skill-based visas
- 8 Temporary visas
- 9 Miscellaneous visas
- 10 Common visa requirements
- 11 Compliance: unlawful non-citizens, removal and deportation
- 12 History of the Refugees Convention and definitional framework
- 13 Refugee and humanitarian visas: the statutory structure
- 14 Convention grounds
- 15 Persecution
- 16 Well-founded fear of persecution
- 17 Limits on protection of refugees — cessation, exclusion exceptions and protection by another country
- 18 Time for a fundamental re-think: need as the criterion for assistance
- 19 The determination and review process for migration and refugee decisions
- Index
9 - Miscellaneous visas
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Table of cases
- Table of statutes
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Historical context to migration
- 2 Immigration control: an overview
- 3 Basic migration legislation and policy
- 4 The visa system and application procedures
- 5 Family and interdependency migration and other Australia-based visas
- 6 Business and investment visas
- 7 Skill-based visas
- 8 Temporary visas
- 9 Miscellaneous visas
- 10 Common visa requirements
- 11 Compliance: unlawful non-citizens, removal and deportation
- 12 History of the Refugees Convention and definitional framework
- 13 Refugee and humanitarian visas: the statutory structure
- 14 Convention grounds
- 15 Persecution
- 16 Well-founded fear of persecution
- 17 Limits on protection of refugees — cessation, exclusion exceptions and protection by another country
- 18 Time for a fundamental re-think: need as the criterion for assistance
- 19 The determination and review process for migration and refugee decisions
- Index
Summary
Citizenship
One of the most important and defining aspects of sovereignty is that a state can establish its own criteria regarding citizenship of the nation. Citizenship is the strongest connection that a person can have with Australia. Citizens have an unrestricted right to live and work in Australia and to travel in and out of the country without restriction. The presence and activities of citizens is not controlled by the Department of Migration, which only has the authority to administer rules in relation to non-citizens. Thus, citizenship is not central to the topic of this book. However, for the sake of completeness we provide a brief overview of the topic.
As a general principle, permanent residents share the same rights and duties as citizens. However, there are some rights and duties that are unique to citizens. These include the right to an Australian passport, the right to stand for public office and elections for parliament, to serve in Australia's defence force and claim diplomatic protection while overseas, and to serve on juries. Only citizens can enrol on the electoral register to vote at Commonwealth, state and local elections.
Citizenship is governed by the Australian Citizenship Act 1948. Citizenship can be obtained in several ways. The most common are via birth, descent (that is, on the basis of citizenship of one's parents) or adoption. Permanent residents are also eligible to apply for citizenship after being present in Australia for a defined period of time (normally two years).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Migration and Refugee LawPrinciples and Practice in Australia, pp. 139 - 153Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005