Does anything in the previous chapters provide what we are looking for – a mechanism that supports the assumption that marine ecosystems are able to ‘produce a surplus that we can share, year for year’, provided always that they are not excessively transformed by fishing or some other activity?

What most strongly supports this thesis is the characteristic biology of teleost fish, which are very remarkable organisms, because of the interaction between a reproductive mechanism that is unique among vertebrates and lifelong, indeterminate growth. Although the significance of their very high fecundity for sustaining fisheries may have been misinterpreted in the past, the biology of those teleost fish that adopt a ‘fecundity’, rather than a ‘bestowal’, reproductive strategy may be essential in maintaining populations of large predatory fish in cold seas with high primary production but a very low diversity of other fish species: as discussed in Chapter 2, this reproductive strategy of teleosts may be the essential ingredient in our great northern fisheries.

Because their relative fecundity increases progressively throughout life after maturity, a depleted adult population of teleosts may be able to increase more rapidly in numbers of individuals when external conditions change for the better than could, for instance, a depleted population of terrestrial mammals.